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Uploaded byPannaga Rao
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Site specific nutrient management

SSNM is an approach to optimize soil nutrient supply over space and time to match crop requirements. It involves applying fertilizers at optimal rates based on the nutrient needs of crops and indigenous nutrient sources. SSNM aims to increase crop productivity and fertilizer efficiency while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Studies show SSNM can increase grain yields by 7-27% and total profits by 12% compared to standard farmer practices through balanced nutrition and reduced disease and insect damage. Tools like sensors, soil sampling, and GPS help implement SSNM site-specifically.

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SSNM……… ,? • SSNM an approach for the timely application of fertilizers at optimal rates to fill the deficit between the nutrient needs of a high yielding crops and the nutrient supply from naturally occurring indigenous sources, including soil, crop residues, manures and irrigation water.
• Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) aims to optimize the supply of soil nutrients over time and space to match the requirements of crops through four key principles
KEY MESSAGES 1 Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) optimizes the supply of soil nutrients over space and time to match crop requirements. 2 SSNM increases crop productivity and improves efficiency of fertilizer use. 3 SSNM mitigates greenhouse gases from agriculture in areas with high nitrogen fertilizer use. 4 Incentives for adoption of SSNM depend strongly on fertilizer prices.
ssnm
WHY SSNM….? • Limited resources • Increasing chemical residues • Growth and yield • Soil health • Nutrient management • Efficient usage of cost
• SSNM provides guidelines, tools and strategies that allow the farmers to determine when and how much nutrients they need to apply to their fields under actual growing conditions in a specific location and season
ADVANTAGE Higher profits. • Increase and maintain yields. • Optimizing the balance between supply and demand of nutrients and providing more balanced plant nutrition • It improves nutrient use efficiency • Provides greater returns on investments in fertilizer
Reduced nitrous oxide emissions. • Agriculture contributes 70-90% of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. • SSNM reduces N2O emissions by reducing total N application and/or timing applications to crop needs, thus avoiding N losses to volatilization, leaching and runoff.
Improved disease resistance. • The more balanced NPK nutrition that comes with SSNM may lead to improved resistance to plant diseases SSNM mitigate greenhouse gas emissions Help adapt to and increase resilience to climate change impacts
Based on Soil type ALLUVIAL SOIL Poor in N, but k and phosphoric acid high Black soil(m.nite) Poor in N, P, Zn and OM but rich in Ca, Mg, CEC,B RED soil(Kaolinite) Poor in N, K, Zn, S but high P fixation capacity, Fe, Mn, Al Lateritic Soil(kaolinite) N,P,K,Mg,S,Mo & B deficiency, less base saturation
• Acid soil Liming, rock phosphate, press mud, no sulphate fertilizer • Saline soil (Cl,SO4 of Na & Ca) Flooding, good and frequent irrigation, FYM but not gypsum • Alkaline soil(Co3, HCO3 of Na) DAP/CAN, Gypsum, green manuring, Iron pyrite, Ammonium sulphate
How to apply….? • N: Moderate amount during sowing or transplanting, i.e., split doses (leaf color chart) • P: full dose • K : 2 split dose
• SSNM generally maintains or increases crop yields. • In a 2014 study of 13 sites in Southeast Asia, SSNM led to grain yield increases of 13% over a three-year period, although yields declined slightly in the first year (Pasuquin et al. 2014). • A study of 179 rice farms in 6 Asian countries found that SSNM led to yield increases of 7% and total profitability increases of 12% (Dobermann et al. 2002).
• In recent studies across large numbers of locations in wheat systems in South Asia, SSNM led to 18- 27% increases in grain yield of wheat, when compared to farmers’ standard fertilizer practices (Jat and Satyanarayana 2013). • An average of 107 on-farm experiments in Chinese rice fields found 5% higher grain yields under SSNM than under farmers’ practice, attributed to a reduction in insect and disease damage caused by optimal N inputs (Peng et al. 2010).
Tools for implementing SSNM
• on the farm Optical sensors • Soil survey • Soil sampling • GPS • GIS • Remote sensing
CONSTRAINTS • High cost • Knowledge, motivation • Irrigation • Unavailability of such technology
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