CROP AND LIVESTOCK RELATIONSHIP IN DIFFERENT FARMING SYSTEMS

1. INTER-RELATIONSHIP OF
CROP AND ANIMAL
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
SAVEPA KHESOH
M.Sc Environmental Science
Dr. Y S P UNIVERSITY OF
HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY

2. INTRODUCTION
 India’s most important crops include cotton, tea, rice,
wheat, and sugarcane. Other important cash crops include
jute, groundnuts, coffee, oil seeds, and spices. Another
central feature of India’s agricultural economy is the raising
of livestock, particularly horned cattle, buffalo, and goats.
 In India,70-80% of the total livestock produce is contributed
by landless, marginal farmers and small land holders, who
are under privileged(kurup,2004).
 Livestock are important assets for rural people and play a
critical role in building their livelihood.
 Livestock rearing can provide a pathway out of poverty
through improvements to household children, cash income,
asset building and employment to women folk.
 More than 73% rural folk keep animals, which hold security
and income from livestock accounts for 30-40% of total
farm income.

3. INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM(IFS)
It integrates natural resources into farming activities
to achieve maximum replacement of off-farm inputs.
COMPONENTS :
 Livestock production
 Poultry
 Duckery
 Horticulture
 Aquaculture
 Apiculture
 Sericulture
 Mushroom cultivation
 Agro-forestry
 Biogas plants

4. TYPES OF INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS
 Crop-live stock farming system
 Crop-live stock –fishery farming system
 Crop-live stock – poultry - fishery farming system
 Crop-fishery-poultry farming system
 Crop-live stock-forestry farming system
 Agri-silvi-horticulture system
 Agri-silvi-pastoral system
 Home garden agro-forestry system

5. CROP LIVE-STOCK SYSTEM:
“ It is the farming system which
combines crop production with livestock
rearing”.

6. PROSPECTS OF INTEGRATED CROP-
LIVESTOCK SYSTEM
 Maintains sustainable production system without damaging
resource base.
 Provides full family employment through out the year.
 Enables recycling of wastes within the farming system.
 Provides balanced food diet.
 Standard of living will be improved.
 Efficient utilization of all land available within the farm.

7. LIVE STOCK

8. COMPONENTS OF LIVESTOCK
DAIRY FARMING

9. POULTRY FARMING

10. SHEEP AND GOAT

11. PIGGERY

12. FISHERY

13. INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEM KEY
ASPECTS
Integrated
Crop-
Livestock
Farming
System

14. INTERACTION OF CROP AND LIVESTOCK UNDER
DIFFERENT SYSTEMS
Crop- livestock- forestry farming
system

15. 15
CROP- FISH- POULTRY FARMING
SYSTEM

16. 16
CROP –LIVESTOCK- POULTRY-
FISHERY FARMING SYSTEM

17. Farming System For Different Agro Climatic Zone
In India
• Pastures with forestry, goats,
rabbits, and settled agricultural
crops like millets, wheat, barley, and
fodders.
High altitude cold
deserts
• Animal husbandry with the camels,
sheep and goats, and growing with
fodder and field crops.
Arid and desert
region
• Horticultural crops as a major
component and agriculture mainly
on the hill terraces and slopes with
maize, rice, wheat, pulses and
fodder crops.
Western and
central Himalayas

18. • Primitive crop husbandry with rice,
millets, pulses etc. Agro forestry
system are also common. Piggery and
poultry are the chief livestock activity.
Eastern
Himalayas
• Intensive crop husbandry like rice-
wheat-maize/mustard/pulses and
livestock, dairy, cattle and buffaloes.
Indo-Gangetic
Plains
• Cotton-sorghum-millets/pulses with
dairy cattle, sheep and goats and
poultry are the secondary livestock
and animal husbandry enterprises.
Central And
Southern
Highlands

19. • Major activity on plantation crops,
cultivating rice and pulses are the
secondary agricultural activity. Cattle,
sheep and goats are the livestock
components which in most parts, are
maintained as large herds.
Western Ghats
• Rice cultivation with other enterprises
like fishery, poultry and piggery, etc.,
capture fisheries of marine ecosystem is
a specialized enterprise.
Delta And Coastal
Plains

20. AIMS OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
 Conserve the natural resource base.
 Raise productivity.
 Expand production.
 Optimizes the allocation of development resources.

21. ROLE OF LIVESTOCK IN FARMING SYSTEM
 Livestock is a source of food.
 Livestock is a renewable natural resource.
 Source of draught power and dung manure.
 Acts as a cushion against income shocks.

22. AN OUTLINE OF DIFFERENT RESOURCE FLOWS IN MIXED
CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS

23. STATUS OF LIVE-STOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN
INDIA:
 Animal husbandry contributes about 30 per cent of country’s
agricultural out put.
 57 per cent of the world’s buffalo production.
 15 per cent cattle production.
 Livestock sector contributes 8 per cent to India’s GDP.
 Contribution of livestock to the national economy is Rs.45,000
crores.

25. ADVANTAGES OF INTEGRATED LIVESTOCK BASED
FARMING SYSTEM
 Increases productivity
 Increases profitability
 Improves soil fertility
 Provides balance food

 Employment generation
 Better recycling of produces
 Money flow around the year
 Adoption of new technology
 Solve the energy crisis

26. CONSTRAINTS IN INTEGRATED
CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEM
 Fragmentation and division of holdings
 Scarcity of family labour
 Less reliable market
 Scarcity of own funds
 Lack of transport and marketing facilities
 Fluctuation in output prices

27. MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF CROP LIVE-
STOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEM
 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION
 LAND DEGRADATION
 WATER DEPLETION AND POLLUTION
 BIODIVERSITY

28. 1.) GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION:
 CO2 emissions from land use and land-use change for
grazing and feed-crop production.
 CO2 emissions from energy and input use.
 Methane emissions from digestion.
 Nitrous oxide from manure.
2.) LAND DEGRADATION:
 Expansion into natural habitat
 Overgrazing (vegetation change, soil Compaction)
 Intensive feed production(soil erosion)

29. 3.)WATER DEPLETION AND POLLUTION
 Alteration of water cycle
 Pollution with nutrients , pathogens and drug residues.
4.)BIODIVERSITY
 Habitat destruction from feed crop production and
animal wastes
 Habitat pollution from feed crop production and animal
wastes
 Loss of domestic animal genetic diversity
 Ecosystem maintenance

30. Thank you