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Overview Cranial Foramina

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Christiane Riedinger
Christiane Riedinger

This document lists the major cranial foramina, their locations in different bones of the skull, the structures that pass through each foramen, and where each structure exits on the other side. It includes the cribriform plate, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen lacerum, internal auditory meatus, jugular foramen, and hypoglossal canal.

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C.Riedinger 2011 What lies on the either side of the cranial foramina? Name Location (bone) Structures passing through Other side Cribriform Anterior cranial fossa Olfactory nerve (I) Ethmoidal air cells  nasal cavity plate (ethmoid) Optic canal Anterior cranial fossa Optic nerve (II) Posterosuperomedial orbit (sphenoid) Superior Middle cranial fossa Occulomotor nerve (III) Posteromedial orbit orbital (sphenoid) Trochlear nerve (IV) Fissure Opthalmic division of trigeminal n. (Va) Abducent nerve (VI) Foramen Middle cranial fossa Maxillary division of the trigeminal n (Vb) Pterygopalatine fossa, Rotundum (sphenoid) Inferior orbital fissure Foramen Middle cranial fossa Mandibular division of the trigeminal (Vc) Just on other side of sphenoid, ovale (sphenoid) More medial to temporomandibular joint =nasopharynx? Foramen Middle cranial fossa Middle meningeal artery Just on other side of sphenoid, spinosum (sphenoid) Medial to temporomandibular joint =nasopharynx? Foramen Middle cranial fossa Internal carotid but NOT all the way Just on other side, lacerum (sphenoid) through, exits instead via carotid canal Between body of sphenoid, Basal part of occipital bone and temporal bone Internal Posterior cranial fossa Facial nerve (VII) Through petrous part of temporal auditory (petrous part of Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) bone via middle ear to external meatus temporal bone) auditory meatus Jugular Posterior cranial fossa Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Medial to styloid process, foramen (between temporal and Vagus nerve (X) Petrous part of temporal bone occipital bones) Accessory nerve (XI) Sigmoid sinus to inferior jugular vein Hypoglossal Posterior cranial fossa Hypoglossal canal (XII) Just on other side of occiput, canal (occipital bone) next to articular facet of atlanto- occipital joint (Pictures taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_of_skull)

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Overview Cranial Foramina

  • 1. C.Riedinger 2011 What lies on the either side of the cranial foramina? Name Location (bone) Structures passing through Other side Cribriform Anterior cranial fossa Olfactory nerve (I) Ethmoidal air cells  nasal cavity plate (ethmoid) Optic canal Anterior cranial fossa Optic nerve (II) Posterosuperomedial orbit (sphenoid) Superior Middle cranial fossa Occulomotor nerve (III) Posteromedial orbit orbital (sphenoid) Trochlear nerve (IV) Fissure Opthalmic division of trigeminal n. (Va) Abducent nerve (VI) Foramen Middle cranial fossa Maxillary division of the trigeminal n (Vb) Pterygopalatine fossa, Rotundum (sphenoid) Inferior orbital fissure Foramen Middle cranial fossa Mandibular division of the trigeminal (Vc) Just on other side of sphenoid, ovale (sphenoid) More medial to temporomandibular joint =nasopharynx? Foramen Middle cranial fossa Middle meningeal artery Just on other side of sphenoid, spinosum (sphenoid) Medial to temporomandibular joint =nasopharynx? Foramen Middle cranial fossa Internal carotid but NOT all the way Just on other side, lacerum (sphenoid) through, exits instead via carotid canal Between body of sphenoid, Basal part of occipital bone and temporal bone Internal Posterior cranial fossa Facial nerve (VII) Through petrous part of temporal auditory (petrous part of Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) bone via middle ear to external meatus temporal bone) auditory meatus Jugular Posterior cranial fossa Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Medial to styloid process, foramen (between temporal and Vagus nerve (X) Petrous part of temporal bone occipital bones) Accessory nerve (XI) Sigmoid sinus to inferior jugular vein Hypoglossal Posterior cranial fossa Hypoglossal canal (XII) Just on other side of occiput, canal (occipital bone) next to articular facet of atlanto- occipital joint (Pictures taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_of_skull)