Osteo arthritis
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Osteoarthritis is caused by defective lubrication in the joints and is influenced by age, gender, joint alignment, heredity, overuse of joints, and obesity. It can be managed through lifestyle changes like weight loss, physical measures like braces and exercises, and medical treatments like pain medications and injections. For severe cases, surgical management such as joint replacement may be required.
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Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is dedicated to medical students, physiotherapists, doctors, nurses, paramedics, physician associates, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and other healthcare professionals.
We're committed to being your source for expert health guidance. Bhaskar Health and Medical Education.
Source : https://www.bhaskarhealth.com
Health Shop: https://www.bhaskarhealth.org
@drrohitbhaskar @bhaskarhealth
#DrRohitBhaskar #BhaskarHealth
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Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is dedicated to medical students, physiotherapists, doctors, nurses, paramedics, physician associates, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and other healthcare professionals.
We're committed to being your source for expert health guidance. Bhaskar Health and Medical Education.
Source : https://www.bhaskarhealth.com
Health Shop: https://www.bhaskarhealth.org
@drrohitbhaskar @bhaskarhealth
#DrRohitBhaskar #BhaskarHealth
#Health #Medical #News #Physiotherapy
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Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to develop his laws of inheritance. He found that traits separate and assort independently during reproduction. Dominant traits mask recessive traits in offspring, but recessive traits can still be passed down and appear in later generations. When F1 hybrids are crossed, their offspring have a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits, supporting Mendel's laws of dominance and segregation. Mendel's work established the fundamentals of genetics and heredity.
Dna
1) DNA is a double-helical macro molecule found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that is essential for carrying genetic information.
2) DNA is composed of nucleotides, which each contain a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. The four nucleotides are deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytosine, and deoxythymidine.
3) The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs - adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
Mechanical ventilation
Mechanical ventilation involves using a ventilator to mechanically move air into and out of the lungs to maintain proper oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. It has several purposes including improving gas exchange, relieving respiratory distress, and avoiding complications. There are various modes of ventilation including pressure control, volume control, and time-cycled modes. Parameters like tidal volume, respiratory rate, and PEEP must be set and monitored appropriately for different patients and conditions.
Infection control in critical care units
Nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections are a major problem, especially in intensive care units. The document discusses the definition, incidence, common types of infections, causative organisms, risk factors, modes of transmission, prevention methods, and the roles and responsibilities of nurses and infection control programs. It emphasizes the importance of hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, surveillance, policies, training, and guidelines to reduce infection rates in critical care units.
CCU
Mr. R should be evaluated hourly as his MEWS score is 7 which is considered high. He needs urgent medical attention and critical care monitoring due to his unstable vital signs.
Correlation
This document discusses correlation coefficient and different types of correlation. It defines correlation coefficient as the measure of the degree of relationship between two variables. It explains different types of correlation such as perfect positive correlation, perfect negative correlation, moderately positive correlation, moderately negative correlation, and no correlation. It also discusses different methods to study correlation including scatter diagram method, graphic method, Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation method, and Spearman's rank correlation method. It provides examples and steps to calculate correlation coefficient using these different methods.
Central tendency
This document discusses various measures of central tendency including the mean, median, and mode. It defines each measure and provides examples of how to calculate each from both ungrouped and grouped data. The mean is the average value and is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the total number of values. The median is the middle value when values are arranged in order and divides the data set in half. The mode is the most frequently occurring value.
Chisquare
Chi-square is a non-parametric test used to compare observed data with expected data. It can test goodness of fit, independence of attributes, and homogeneity. The document provides an introduction to chi-square terms and calculations including contingency tables, expected and observed frequencies, degrees of freedom, and test steps. Examples demonstrate applying chi-square to test the effectiveness of chloroquine and inoculation. Both examples find the null hypothesis of no effect can be rejected, indicating the treatments were effective.
PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA
The document provides information on data presentation and summarization techniques. It discusses how data can be organized through editing and classification. It also describes various methods of presenting data, including tabulation, graphs, diagrams, histograms, frequency curves, frequency polygons and ogives. Specific types of tables, graphs and diagrams are defined along with their uses, principles, advantages and limitations. The document aims to explain how raw data can be processed, organized and presented in a clear and meaningful way.
Septic arthritis
Septic arthritis is an infection of a joint that causes inflammation. It occurs when bacteria or other microorganisms spread through the bloodstream from another infected site in the body and enter the joint space. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, warmth and reduced range of motion in the infected joint. Diagnosis involves synovial fluid analysis, blood tests and imaging. Treatment requires intravenous antibiotics and may also involve surgical drainage and debridement of the joint. Complications can include bone and cartilage destruction, joint fibrosis or ankylosis if not treated promptly.
LUNG VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES
The document discusses various lung volumes and capacities. It defines minute ventilation as the total volume of air inhaled and exhaled per minute, which for a healthy adult is 6 liters per minute. It also defines tidal volume as the volume of one breath, which is 500ml. Various lung measurement devices and terms are explained such as spirometer, spirogram, anatomic dead space, alveolar ventilation rate, residual volume, forced expiratory volume, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume, functional residual capacity, inspiratory capacity, total lung capacity, and vital capacity.
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Osteo arthritis
- 11. Defective lubrication AGE-strongest factor,can start in young adults,age above 45years at high risk GENDER-common in women,common in men<45years,and in women>45years JOINT ALIGNMENT-conditions like bowlegs, hip dislocation,double jointedness HEREDITARY-when the gene responsible for cartilage and collagen causes cartilage deterioration OVERUSE OF JOINTS-joint injury by athletic traumatic ligament oe meniscal tears and overuse OBESITY-overweight during midlife or later years is the strongest risk factor