Organometal halide perovskite solar cells have evolved in an exponential manner in the two key areas of
efficiency and stability. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 20.1% late last year. The key disquiet
was stability, which has been limiting practical application, but now the state of the art is promising, being
measured in thousands of hours. These improvements have been achieved through the application of
different materials, interfaces and device architecture optimizations, especially after the investigation of hole
conductor free mesoporous devices incorporating carbon electrodes, which promise stable, low cost
and easy device fabrication methods. However, this work is still far from complete.
This document provides an introduction to 2D materials, including a brief history and overview of types. It discusses graphene, the earliest known 2D material, which consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure. Graphene is nearly transparent, yet over 100 times stronger than steel. It has the highest thermal and electrical conductivity of any known material. The document also mentions other 2D materials like germanene, silicene, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides.
The document discusses perovskite solar cells. It begins by defining perovskites and their crystal structure. It then discusses several important studies on perovskite solar cells that improved their efficiency over time, including studies published in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 that achieved efficiencies up to 19.3%. It also reviews factors that affect the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells, such as humidity, UV light, annealing temperature, and the choice of electron transport material. In conclusion, it summarizes that perovskite solar cells have advantages over traditional silicon solar cells like easier processing, higher efficiency potential, flexibility and lower cost.
1. The document presents a term paper on the electronic properties of graphene.
2. Graphene is a single-atom thick sheet of carbon that has extraordinary mechanical, optical, and electronic properties due to its atomic structure and pi orbitals.
3. The paper discusses graphene's properties, electronic band structure, quantum Hall effect, and applications in areas like biosensing, optoelectronics, energy storage, and photovoltaics.
This document discusses perovskite solar cells as a promising new material for next generation solar cells. It provides an overview of solar cell basics and the emergence of perovskites. Key features of perovskites discussed include their crystal structure, high optical absorption coefficient, excellent charge carrier transport properties, and tunable bandgap. Methods for preparing perovskite solar cells are described, along with future challenges such as improving stability and replacing toxic lead.
1. Diluted magnetic semiconductors aim to integrate semiconductor processing and ferromagnetic data storage on a single chip. Magnetic semiconductors are classes of materials that exhibit both semiconducting and magnetic properties.
2. The lecture discusses the theoretical picture of magnetic impurities in semiconductors based on the Zener model and mean-field theory. It also covers disorder, transport properties, and the anomalous Hall effect in diluted magnetic semiconductors.
3. The final sections discuss magnetic properties in the presence of disorder and recent developments, as well as open questions for the future of magnetic semiconductors.
This document provides an overview of density functional theory (DFT). It discusses the history and development of DFT, including the Hohenberg-Kohn and Kohn-Sham theorems. The document outlines the fundamentals of DFT, including how it uses functionals of electron density rather than wavefunctions to simplify solving the many-body Schrodinger equation. It also describes the self-consistent approach in DFT calculations and provides examples of popular DFT software packages.
Synthesis of Cobalt ferrite by Solid Reaction Methodsank_sanjay
Cobalt ferrite nano-crystalline powder was synthesized from the powder mixture of cobalt carbonate and iron oxide by mixed oxide ceramic method. The effects of temperature of calcination as well as molar ratio of CoCO3/Fe2O3 on the phase structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the products were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques, respectively. The samples calcined at 800 and 900˚C consisted of cobalt ferrite, iron oxide and cobalt oxide. In the sample calcined at 1000˚C, the reaction was completed and single phase CoFe2O4 with a mean crystallite and particle sizes of 49 and 300 nm, respectively was obtained.
Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum effect observed in thin film structures with alternating ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic layers that can control electrical resistance at the nanoscale using magnetic fields. It was discovered in the late 1980s by Peter Grunberg and Albert Fert working independently, for which they received the Nobel Prize. GMR results from electron spin and magnetic moments, causing more or less scattering depending on whether the magnetic moments are parallel or antiparallel. This effect is observed at the nanoscale where the electron mean free path is greater than the interlayer separation. Main applications of GMR include magnetic field sensors for hard drives, biosensors, and MRAM as it allows control of electrical resistance with magnetic fields
This document provides an introduction to 2D materials, including a brief history and overview of types. It discusses graphene, the earliest known 2D material, which consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure. Graphene is nearly transparent, yet over 100 times stronger than steel. It has the highest thermal and electrical conductivity of any known material. The document also mentions other 2D materials like germanene, silicene, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides.
The document discusses perovskite solar cells. It begins by defining perovskites and their crystal structure. It then discusses several important studies on perovskite solar cells that improved their efficiency over time, including studies published in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 that achieved efficiencies up to 19.3%. It also reviews factors that affect the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells, such as humidity, UV light, annealing temperature, and the choice of electron transport material. In conclusion, it summarizes that perovskite solar cells have advantages over traditional silicon solar cells like easier processing, higher efficiency potential, flexibility and lower cost.
1. The document presents a term paper on the electronic properties of graphene.
2. Graphene is a single-atom thick sheet of carbon that has extraordinary mechanical, optical, and electronic properties due to its atomic structure and pi orbitals.
3. The paper discusses graphene's properties, electronic band structure, quantum Hall effect, and applications in areas like biosensing, optoelectronics, energy storage, and photovoltaics.
This document discusses perovskite solar cells as a promising new material for next generation solar cells. It provides an overview of solar cell basics and the emergence of perovskites. Key features of perovskites discussed include their crystal structure, high optical absorption coefficient, excellent charge carrier transport properties, and tunable bandgap. Methods for preparing perovskite solar cells are described, along with future challenges such as improving stability and replacing toxic lead.
1. Diluted magnetic semiconductors aim to integrate semiconductor processing and ferromagnetic data storage on a single chip. Magnetic semiconductors are classes of materials that exhibit both semiconducting and magnetic properties.
2. The lecture discusses the theoretical picture of magnetic impurities in semiconductors based on the Zener model and mean-field theory. It also covers disorder, transport properties, and the anomalous Hall effect in diluted magnetic semiconductors.
3. The final sections discuss magnetic properties in the presence of disorder and recent developments, as well as open questions for the future of magnetic semiconductors.
This document provides an overview of density functional theory (DFT). It discusses the history and development of DFT, including the Hohenberg-Kohn and Kohn-Sham theorems. The document outlines the fundamentals of DFT, including how it uses functionals of electron density rather than wavefunctions to simplify solving the many-body Schrodinger equation. It also describes the self-consistent approach in DFT calculations and provides examples of popular DFT software packages.
Synthesis of Cobalt ferrite by Solid Reaction Methodsank_sanjay
Cobalt ferrite nano-crystalline powder was synthesized from the powder mixture of cobalt carbonate and iron oxide by mixed oxide ceramic method. The effects of temperature of calcination as well as molar ratio of CoCO3/Fe2O3 on the phase structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the products were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques, respectively. The samples calcined at 800 and 900˚C consisted of cobalt ferrite, iron oxide and cobalt oxide. In the sample calcined at 1000˚C, the reaction was completed and single phase CoFe2O4 with a mean crystallite and particle sizes of 49 and 300 nm, respectively was obtained.
Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum effect observed in thin film structures with alternating ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic layers that can control electrical resistance at the nanoscale using magnetic fields. It was discovered in the late 1980s by Peter Grunberg and Albert Fert working independently, for which they received the Nobel Prize. GMR results from electron spin and magnetic moments, causing more or less scattering depending on whether the magnetic moments are parallel or antiparallel. This effect is observed at the nanoscale where the electron mean free path is greater than the interlayer separation. Main applications of GMR include magnetic field sensors for hard drives, biosensors, and MRAM as it allows control of electrical resistance with magnetic fields
Yutong Liu - Poster - ACF-PEDOT SupercapYutong Liu
This document summarizes research on activated carbon fiber (ACF) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) based supercapacitors. The introduction provides background on supercapacitors and the materials used. Experimental details are given on vapor phase polymerization to coat ACF with PEDOT. Characterization with SEM, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy show the ACF is well-coated. Electrochemical testing reveals the supercapacitors have stable capacitance over cycles and scan rates. Gravimetric capacitance reaches over 100 F/g, and coating ACF with high purity PEDOT could further increase this. In conclusion, ACF/PEDOT nanocomposites show potential
This presentation contains various aspects of Graphene like synthesis techniques, characterization, commercialization, mechanical and electrical properties and present and future application.
The document summarizes the properties and potential applications of graphene. Graphene is a one-atom thick sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. It is the strongest material known, more conductive than silver, and highly transparent. Researchers at the University of Manchester were awarded the Nobel Prize for first isolating graphene sheets. Graphene's unique properties make it promising for applications like faster electronics, stronger and lighter composite materials, better solar cells and displays. However, challenges remain in controlling its conductivity for transistors.
The document summarizes research on the spin Seebeck effect, where a temperature gradient in a ferromagnetic material generates a spin voltage. The spin voltage is converted to an electric field in an adjacent paramagnetic material via the inverse spin Hall effect. The spin Seebeck effect has been observed not just in ferromagnetic metals, but also semiconductors and insulators. Theoretical models attribute the effect to thermal spin pumping mediated by magnons and phonons, which is supported by various experiments observing the spin Seebeck effect's dependence on temperature, material properties, and sample configuration.
Vivek Kumar Bhartiya presents on applications and the enigma of high temperature superconductors. He discusses how conventional theory like BCS theory explains low-temperature superconductors but does not predict room temperature superconductivity. The key enigma is understanding the mechanism behind high-temperature superconductors. His research aims to develop cheaper manufacturing techniques by doing theoretical work closely tied to experiments to help predict and achieve room temperature superconductivity.
The document summarizes research on LiMn2O4 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. It describes the spinel crystal structure of LiMn2O4 and discusses synthesis using solid state combustion with oxalic acid. Characterization with XRD and SEM showed that adding 5 wt% oxalic acid produced smaller, more homogeneous particles. Electrochemical analysis indicated 5 wt% oxalic acid yielded the highest initial capacity of 108.5 mAh/g. Cyclic voltammograms and charge-discharge curves demonstrated better reversibility and electrochemical activity for the 5 wt% sample. The research suggests surface modification could further improve performance of the LiMn2O4 material.
Spintronics also known as spin electronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices
This document is a postdoctoral research applicant's profile summarizing their qualifications. The applicant has a Ph.D. in materials science from Duke University with a focus on semiconductor nanostructures. They have extensive experience modeling and simulating semiconductor processes using various software. The applicant has published several papers on topics like nanowire growth mechanisms and gettering metallic precipitates from silicon. They are seeking a postdoctoral position to continue research in areas like semiconductor processing, modeling, and reliability studies.
This presentation introduces two-dimensional materials like graphene. It defines two-dimensional materials as being only one or two atoms thick and able to conduct electrons freely within their plane. The document discusses how graphene, being a single layer of graphite, is the strongest material yet and can efficiently conduct heat and electricity. It notes graphene's potential applications in electronics, solar cells, and biomedicine. In conclusion, two-dimensional materials like graphene are seen as having great potential for developing new nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and flexible devices.
Use of conventional sources of energy to generate electricity is
increasing rapidly due to growing energy demands. This is a
major cause of pollution as well and also is an environmental
concern for future. Considering this, there is lot of R&D going on in the field of alternate energy sources with recent advancements in technology. One of the most recent advancement is the perovskite solar technology in the photovoltaics industry. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been improved from 9.7 to 20.1% within 4 years which is the fastest advancement ever in the photovoltaic industry. Such a high photovoltaic performance can be attributed to optically high absorption characteristics of the hybrid lead perovskite materials. In this review, different perovskite materials are breifly discussed along with the fundamental details of the hybrid lead halide perovskite materials. The fabrication techniques, stability, device structure and the chemistry of the perovskite structure are also briefly described aiming for a better understanding of these materials and thus highly efficient perovskite solar cell devices. The main focus of this resarch is to understand possible methods to reduce toxicity due to lead and to improve Perovskite stability.
The document summarizes research on developing a 3D printed graphene supercapacitor using graphene and graphene oxide as electrodes and a solid-state electrolyte. Optimization studies identified the best reaction conditions for synthesizing graphene oxide and an iron-based polyaniline-derived carbon material for the electrodes. Electrochemical characterization of the materials showed the highest performance for graphene oxide synthesized with 8.5g of KMnO4 and heat treated carbon using 7.5% FeCl3 and a treatment temperature of 1000°C.
This document summarizes thermoelectric materials and their potential for waste heat recovery. It discusses the basics of thermoelectricity, factors that influence performance like the figure of merit ZT, and strategies for improving ZT such as nanostructuring, band engineering, and using materials with low lattice thermal conductivity. Examples of promising thermoelectric materials classes are provided, like Bi2Te3 alloys, skutterudites, clathrates, and half-Heusler compounds. The talk outlines advantages of thermoelectric generators and their applications in areas like automotive waste heat recovery and concludes with equations for calculating thermoelectric efficiency.
This document presents a seminar on spintronics. Spintronics is an emerging technology that uses the intrinsic spin of electrons in addition to their charge. It was motivated by limitations of Moore's law and offers higher speeds and lower power consumption than conventional electronics. The document describes key concepts such as giant magnetoresistance and spin valves. It provides examples of spintronic applications including hard drives, magnetic RAM, and spin transistors. Advantages of spintronics include low power use, less heat dissipation, and non-volatile memory. The future of spintronics includes higher capacity hard drives and further research integration into microelectronics.
Rahul Raghvendra's seminar discussed molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a 2D semiconductor material that can potentially replace silicon. MoS2 has desirable properties such as a tunable bandgap, high mobility, flexibility and transparency. The seminar covered MoS2's atomic structure, electrical properties, fabrication methods and applications in sensors, memory devices and flexible electronics. Challenges include controlling the number of MoS2 monolayers deposited and developing devices compatible with plastic substrates.
Perovskite Solar Cells
a short general overview presentation
hadi maghsoudi
device structure
crystal structure
preparation synthesis method
review papers
This document summarizes a presentation given by Miss. Sarita Kumbhar on her research synthesizing and characterizing nickel-zinc ferrite thin films under the guidance of Prof. C. H. Bhosale. The presentation covered the methodology using spray pyrolysis, results from XRD, SEM, AC conductivity, and dielectric property measurements. Key findings included that the nickel-zinc ferrite thin films had a polycrystalline spinel cubic structure, smooth and uniform surface morphology, AC conductivity dependent on frequency, and decreasing dielectric constant with increasing frequency. Impedance spectroscopy also provided insight into grain boundary behavior.
This document discusses organic-based hybrid materials for thermoelectric applications. It begins by introducing thermoelectrics and their importance in recovering waste heat. It then covers the key effects involved in thermoelectrics like the Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson effects. Next, it discusses the factors that influence thermoelectric efficiency like the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. The document notes that while metals were initially studied, semiconductors are more effective due to their higher Seebeck coefficients and ratio of electrical to thermal conductivity. It covers approaches to improving performance like quantum confinement and reducing phonon thermal conductivity. Finally, it discusses the potential of organic-based hybrid materials which offer low-cost solution processing
This document provides an overview of thin film deposition methods and thin film characterization techniques. It discusses the objectives of the course, which are to provide an understanding of thin film deposition methods, their capabilities and limitations. Hands-on demonstrations and experiments will help participants understand each deposition method and stimulate discussion. The document then summarizes various thin film deposition techniques like evaporation, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, their principles and examples of applications. It also summarizes various characterization techniques used to analyze thin films and determine properties like composition, structure, thickness and defects.
The document discusses the purpose and conventions of magazine film reviews. Magazine reviews provide synopses and professional opinions on upcoming films to help audiences decide if a film matches their tastes. Reviews typically include the film's title, release date, credits, a tagline, and sections summarizing the plot and assessing positive and negative aspects. Reviews aim to market films while presenting unbiased opinions, though different magazines may have differing views. Conventions include using large bold titles, images, star ratings, and focusing on narrative, characters, and technical elements.
Yutong Liu - Poster - ACF-PEDOT SupercapYutong Liu
This document summarizes research on activated carbon fiber (ACF) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) based supercapacitors. The introduction provides background on supercapacitors and the materials used. Experimental details are given on vapor phase polymerization to coat ACF with PEDOT. Characterization with SEM, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy show the ACF is well-coated. Electrochemical testing reveals the supercapacitors have stable capacitance over cycles and scan rates. Gravimetric capacitance reaches over 100 F/g, and coating ACF with high purity PEDOT could further increase this. In conclusion, ACF/PEDOT nanocomposites show potential
This presentation contains various aspects of Graphene like synthesis techniques, characterization, commercialization, mechanical and electrical properties and present and future application.
The document summarizes the properties and potential applications of graphene. Graphene is a one-atom thick sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. It is the strongest material known, more conductive than silver, and highly transparent. Researchers at the University of Manchester were awarded the Nobel Prize for first isolating graphene sheets. Graphene's unique properties make it promising for applications like faster electronics, stronger and lighter composite materials, better solar cells and displays. However, challenges remain in controlling its conductivity for transistors.
The document summarizes research on the spin Seebeck effect, where a temperature gradient in a ferromagnetic material generates a spin voltage. The spin voltage is converted to an electric field in an adjacent paramagnetic material via the inverse spin Hall effect. The spin Seebeck effect has been observed not just in ferromagnetic metals, but also semiconductors and insulators. Theoretical models attribute the effect to thermal spin pumping mediated by magnons and phonons, which is supported by various experiments observing the spin Seebeck effect's dependence on temperature, material properties, and sample configuration.
Vivek Kumar Bhartiya presents on applications and the enigma of high temperature superconductors. He discusses how conventional theory like BCS theory explains low-temperature superconductors but does not predict room temperature superconductivity. The key enigma is understanding the mechanism behind high-temperature superconductors. His research aims to develop cheaper manufacturing techniques by doing theoretical work closely tied to experiments to help predict and achieve room temperature superconductivity.
The document summarizes research on LiMn2O4 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. It describes the spinel crystal structure of LiMn2O4 and discusses synthesis using solid state combustion with oxalic acid. Characterization with XRD and SEM showed that adding 5 wt% oxalic acid produced smaller, more homogeneous particles. Electrochemical analysis indicated 5 wt% oxalic acid yielded the highest initial capacity of 108.5 mAh/g. Cyclic voltammograms and charge-discharge curves demonstrated better reversibility and electrochemical activity for the 5 wt% sample. The research suggests surface modification could further improve performance of the LiMn2O4 material.
Spintronics also known as spin electronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices
This document is a postdoctoral research applicant's profile summarizing their qualifications. The applicant has a Ph.D. in materials science from Duke University with a focus on semiconductor nanostructures. They have extensive experience modeling and simulating semiconductor processes using various software. The applicant has published several papers on topics like nanowire growth mechanisms and gettering metallic precipitates from silicon. They are seeking a postdoctoral position to continue research in areas like semiconductor processing, modeling, and reliability studies.
This presentation introduces two-dimensional materials like graphene. It defines two-dimensional materials as being only one or two atoms thick and able to conduct electrons freely within their plane. The document discusses how graphene, being a single layer of graphite, is the strongest material yet and can efficiently conduct heat and electricity. It notes graphene's potential applications in electronics, solar cells, and biomedicine. In conclusion, two-dimensional materials like graphene are seen as having great potential for developing new nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and flexible devices.
Use of conventional sources of energy to generate electricity is
increasing rapidly due to growing energy demands. This is a
major cause of pollution as well and also is an environmental
concern for future. Considering this, there is lot of R&D going on in the field of alternate energy sources with recent advancements in technology. One of the most recent advancement is the perovskite solar technology in the photovoltaics industry. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been improved from 9.7 to 20.1% within 4 years which is the fastest advancement ever in the photovoltaic industry. Such a high photovoltaic performance can be attributed to optically high absorption characteristics of the hybrid lead perovskite materials. In this review, different perovskite materials are breifly discussed along with the fundamental details of the hybrid lead halide perovskite materials. The fabrication techniques, stability, device structure and the chemistry of the perovskite structure are also briefly described aiming for a better understanding of these materials and thus highly efficient perovskite solar cell devices. The main focus of this resarch is to understand possible methods to reduce toxicity due to lead and to improve Perovskite stability.
The document summarizes research on developing a 3D printed graphene supercapacitor using graphene and graphene oxide as electrodes and a solid-state electrolyte. Optimization studies identified the best reaction conditions for synthesizing graphene oxide and an iron-based polyaniline-derived carbon material for the electrodes. Electrochemical characterization of the materials showed the highest performance for graphene oxide synthesized with 8.5g of KMnO4 and heat treated carbon using 7.5% FeCl3 and a treatment temperature of 1000°C.
This document summarizes thermoelectric materials and their potential for waste heat recovery. It discusses the basics of thermoelectricity, factors that influence performance like the figure of merit ZT, and strategies for improving ZT such as nanostructuring, band engineering, and using materials with low lattice thermal conductivity. Examples of promising thermoelectric materials classes are provided, like Bi2Te3 alloys, skutterudites, clathrates, and half-Heusler compounds. The talk outlines advantages of thermoelectric generators and their applications in areas like automotive waste heat recovery and concludes with equations for calculating thermoelectric efficiency.
This document presents a seminar on spintronics. Spintronics is an emerging technology that uses the intrinsic spin of electrons in addition to their charge. It was motivated by limitations of Moore's law and offers higher speeds and lower power consumption than conventional electronics. The document describes key concepts such as giant magnetoresistance and spin valves. It provides examples of spintronic applications including hard drives, magnetic RAM, and spin transistors. Advantages of spintronics include low power use, less heat dissipation, and non-volatile memory. The future of spintronics includes higher capacity hard drives and further research integration into microelectronics.
Rahul Raghvendra's seminar discussed molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a 2D semiconductor material that can potentially replace silicon. MoS2 has desirable properties such as a tunable bandgap, high mobility, flexibility and transparency. The seminar covered MoS2's atomic structure, electrical properties, fabrication methods and applications in sensors, memory devices and flexible electronics. Challenges include controlling the number of MoS2 monolayers deposited and developing devices compatible with plastic substrates.
Perovskite Solar Cells
a short general overview presentation
hadi maghsoudi
device structure
crystal structure
preparation synthesis method
review papers
This document summarizes a presentation given by Miss. Sarita Kumbhar on her research synthesizing and characterizing nickel-zinc ferrite thin films under the guidance of Prof. C. H. Bhosale. The presentation covered the methodology using spray pyrolysis, results from XRD, SEM, AC conductivity, and dielectric property measurements. Key findings included that the nickel-zinc ferrite thin films had a polycrystalline spinel cubic structure, smooth and uniform surface morphology, AC conductivity dependent on frequency, and decreasing dielectric constant with increasing frequency. Impedance spectroscopy also provided insight into grain boundary behavior.
This document discusses organic-based hybrid materials for thermoelectric applications. It begins by introducing thermoelectrics and their importance in recovering waste heat. It then covers the key effects involved in thermoelectrics like the Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson effects. Next, it discusses the factors that influence thermoelectric efficiency like the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. The document notes that while metals were initially studied, semiconductors are more effective due to their higher Seebeck coefficients and ratio of electrical to thermal conductivity. It covers approaches to improving performance like quantum confinement and reducing phonon thermal conductivity. Finally, it discusses the potential of organic-based hybrid materials which offer low-cost solution processing
This document provides an overview of thin film deposition methods and thin film characterization techniques. It discusses the objectives of the course, which are to provide an understanding of thin film deposition methods, their capabilities and limitations. Hands-on demonstrations and experiments will help participants understand each deposition method and stimulate discussion. The document then summarizes various thin film deposition techniques like evaporation, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, their principles and examples of applications. It also summarizes various characterization techniques used to analyze thin films and determine properties like composition, structure, thickness and defects.
The document discusses the purpose and conventions of magazine film reviews. Magazine reviews provide synopses and professional opinions on upcoming films to help audiences decide if a film matches their tastes. Reviews typically include the film's title, release date, credits, a tagline, and sections summarizing the plot and assessing positive and negative aspects. Reviews aim to market films while presenting unbiased opinions, though different magazines may have differing views. Conventions include using large bold titles, images, star ratings, and focusing on narrative, characters, and technical elements.
Este documento describe varios métodos anticonceptivos, clasificándolos en métodos de barrera, químicos, abstinencia periódica y esterilización. Explica que los métodos anticonceptivos más efectivos son el implante, DIU y esterilización, mientras que los menos efectivos son el coito interrumpido, método de la temperatura basal y método del Billings. Además, menciona que la mayoría de los métodos son para uso femenino y que se están investigando nuevos métodos anticonceptivos masculinos.
Dublin Plumber PPC Marketing Analyis - SMBclix A Digital Marketing AgencySMBclix
This slideshare is a competitive analysis for plumbers in the Dublin market. It details competitors and the top keywords a plumber in Dublin should use if they were building a PPC campaign.
Aruba es una isla caribeña conocida por sus 11 km de playas de arena blanca y aguas transparentes. Ofrece diversas actividades como buceo, ciclismo de montaña, cruceros y paseos por el Parque Nacional Arikok. Los hoteles recomendados se encuentran en las zonas de Palm Beach y Eagle Beach, donde se destacan el Divi Aruba y el Manchebo Beach Resort. Aruba tiene un clima cálido todo el año, idiomas como español, holandés y papiamento, y es segura para los turistas.
✔ La República Dominicana a nivel internacional es conocida como "El paraíso del caribe", y así es, ya que todo el país es bello, tanto sus playas como sus montañas, las cuales tienen un paisaje único y natural.
This document provides a bio-data or resume for Dr. Sudhansu Sekhar Singh. Some key details include:
- He is currently a Professor and Program Head at KIIT University in Bhubaneswar, India.
- He has over 20 years of experience working in various roles as a faculty member and professor at several engineering colleges and universities in India.
- His areas of research include MIMO, OFDM, and CDMA technologies applied to mobile communications. He has over 50 publications in international journals and conferences.
- He holds a Ph.D. in Engineering from Jadavpur University and has guided over 24 M.Tech theses and 3 Ph.D. students.
O documento fornece instruções sobre etiqueta à mesa, receber convidados em casa, tipos de refeições formais e informais como coquetel, jantar e almoço, e dicas sobre casamentos e presentes. As seções abordam tópicos como apresentações, comportamento durante refeições, organização de festas e dicas de vestuário.
A futuristic perspective of the world (when you will be in your prime time in next 30-40 years) with reference to Pakistan
Future in 5 dimensions:
Economically
Demographically
Socially
Technologically
O documento discute avaliação de desempenho, descrevendo-a como um conjunto de atividades para identificar, medir e gerenciar o desempenho dos funcionários. Ele também discute vários métodos de avaliação como relatórios, escalas gráficas, escolha forçada e avaliação 360 graus, além de objetivos, autoavaliação, avaliação por gerentes e equipes. Por fim, aborda recompensas como salários, política salarial e elaboração de planos de cargos e salários.
El documento resume las celebraciones y tradiciones de la Semana Santa desde el Domingo de Ramos hasta el Domingo de Resurrección, incluyendo los ritos y lecturas bíblicas de cada día, así como devociones populares como las palmas benditas, la visita de los siete templos, y el viacrucis. Explica que durante este tiempo la Iglesia conmemora la pasión, muerte y resurrección de Jesucristo a través de la liturgia y tradiciones seculares.
El Reino Chimú se ubicó en la costa norte del Perú entre los siglos XII y XV, con su centro en la ciudad de Chan Chan. Basaron su economía en la agricultura mediante el uso de pozos, terrazas y un extenso sistema de canales. La sociedad chimú estuvo estratificada y rindió culto a deidades como Tacaynamú. Desarrollaron una avanzada arquitectura, cerámica, metalurgia y textilería. Finalmente, fueron conquistados por los incas liderados por Túpac Yup
Perovskite solar cells have risen rapidly in power conversion efficiency over the past six years, surpassing 22%. However, stability issues remain a key barrier to commercialization. The Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials at EPFL Valais Wallis in Switzerland, led by Prof. Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, is working to advance perovskite solar cell stability through several approaches: developing new hole transport materials and surface passivation layers, growing high-quality films through vacuum sublimation, and unveiling fundamental photophysical properties to guide device design. The group aims to realize highly efficient, stable and non-toxic perovskite solar cells for low-cost renewable energy applications.
This presentation summarizes history and recent development of perovskite solar cells. If you have any questions or comments, you can reach me at agassifeng@gmail.com
Electrodeposition of flower-like nickel oxide on single layer grapheneArun kumar
We demonstrated a non-enzymatic cholesterol sensor based on a nickel oxide (NiO) and high quality
graphene composite for the first time. Graphene was grown by a chemical vapor deposition technique
(CVD). The nanocomposite was fabricated through the electrodeposition of nickel hydroxide onto
the surface of the CVD-grown graphene, which was followed by thermal annealing. The successful
formation of the NiO/graphene composite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The deposition of flower-like NiO onto the graphene surface
was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical analyses were conducted to
investigate the characteristics of the sensor during the detection of cholesterol. The sensor showed
a high sensitivity of 40.6 mA mM1 cm2, a rapid response time of 5 s, and a low detection of limit of
0.13 mM. We also investigated the effects of common interfering substances on the ability of the sensor
to detect cholesterol. Furthermore, we successfully determined the cholesterol in a milk sample using
the developed sensor. The composite electrode exhibited excellent detection of cholesterol with good
reproducibility and long-term stability owing to the combined effects of NiO and graphene.
Organic solar cells principles, mechanism and recent dvelopmentseSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes recent developments in organic solar cell technology. It discusses how organic solar cells work by generating electron-hole pairs called excitons when light is absorbed. Excitons must dissociate at donor-acceptor interfaces to generate free charges. There is ongoing research to better understand the mechanism of exciton dissociation. Computational methods like time-dependent density functional theory are being used to simulate charge transfer processes. Experimental research focuses on spectroscopic analysis to study conversion processes in picosecond timescales. Recent efficiency improvements and new device architectures are driving the commercial potential of organic solar cells.
This document proposes designing metal organic frameworks (MOFs) that can reversibly bind ethylene to purify it more efficiently than current energy-intensive distillation methods. MOFs with electrochemically active nickel-bisdithiolene complexes may allow voltage-driven capture and release of ethylene. Increasing the size and electron density of the aromatic backbone in these complexes could improve ethylene binding kinetics and efficiency by increasing porosity and decreasing the activation energy for electrochemical reactions. The document reports successful synthesis of HTTP-based MOFs with different metal centers and characterization of their nanostructures on graphite surfaces.
Impact of RoHS Legislation on the High Performance Industry
In 2006 the European Union issued a Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) which among other materials banned the use of lead in electronics. The Aerospace and Defense (A&D) industry in the US designs and manufactures products that carry more than three billion passengers worldwide on any given day as well as systems which are vital to our national security. In order to transition to lead-free electronics the A&D industry demands careful analysis and research into the performance, reliability and safety of these materials in order to maintain public safety and assure our war-fighters’ mission success is not compromised or risked. In this effort the College of Engineering at Tuskegee University and the Boeing Company has teamed to fill some of the many knowledge gaps that surround this new technology. Researchers at Tuskegee are undertaking an effort to understand the growth mechanism associated with the formation of tin whiskers and how to mitigate these risks. Since the formation of binary compounds are suspected of causing fractures in these new Pb-free solder alloys, Tuskegee is studying the migration of binary compounds in a root cause investigation. Also Tuskegee is studying the effects tin whiskers may have on the ability of conformal coatings to protect Circuit Boards from corrosion.
Synposium Plasma And Nuclear System 2015.PDFLuping Zhang
This document provides information about the Symposium on Plasma and Nuclear Systems (SPANS-2015) event being held on August 21, 2015 at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. The one-day symposium will involve presentations on topics related to plasma devices, nuclear power plant safety systems, and more. It is being organized by various groups including the Canadian Nuclear Society, IEEE-Toronto Chapter, and UOIT to provide a forum for academics and industry professionals to discuss the latest innovations in nuclear and plasma systems. The agenda includes several speaker presentations and discussion sessions.
The document describes a study that uses design of experiments (DoE) to optimize slurry-cast cathodes for solid-state batteries. Various combinations of polymer binder type and content and conductive carbon additive type and content were tested as cathode composites. Electrochemical and mechanical performance data from the experiments were analyzed using statistical software to identify optimal combinations. The predictions identified polyisobutene as the best binder and vapor-grown carbon fibers as the best additive to maximize specific capacity. Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber and vapor-grown carbon fibers provided the best combination to maximize capacity retention. Additional tests were conducted to understand changes during cycling.
Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - PhdassistancePhD Assistance
Materials is a vast and critical area of expertise and techniques that is an integral cornerstone of contemporary technical societies, not a particular discipline. In this way, materials parallel other broad fields like energy, electronics, and medical science, where each spans several disciplines and is marked by scientific ferment and societal influence. If materials science is conducted on a small, moderate, or large scale, the people’s quality is directly related to the researcher doing it.
Learn More: https://bit.ly/3rjX9nS
Contact Us:
Website: https://www.phdassistance.com/
UK NO: +44–1143520021
India No: +91–4448137070
WhatsApp No: +91 91769 66446
Email: info@phdassistance.com
This document summarizes recent advances in the growth of germanium nanowires using bottom-up synthetic methods. It discusses how germanium nanowires have potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and photovoltaics due to germanium's higher carrier mobility compared to silicon. The majority of germanium nanowire growth uses the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism, where a liquid metal catalyst particle promotes one-dimensional growth. Controlling the growth kinetics is important for determining nanowire morphology and properties.
Functional Materials Lab Research Introductiondirac198269
Dr. Dawei Liu received his BS and PhD degrees from Nanjing University of China and University of Washington respectively. He is now an Assistant Professor at Alfred University where his research focuses on surface modified nanostructured materials for electrochemical energy storage and biosensors. Specifically, he works on developing solution-based methods to fabricate homogeneous oxide nanostructures and uses surface engineering techniques like atomic layer deposition to enhance the energy storage capability and cyclic stability of nanostructured battery electrodes and biosensors. He has over 30 peer-reviewed publications and access to key facilities like battery and biosensor testing systems for his research.
This document provides biographical and professional information about Zhen-Yu Li. It outlines his educational background, receiving a B.S. and Ph.D. in Electronic Engineering. It details his extensive career in research institutions and industry, holding positions such as senior research assistant, postdoctoral fellow, and principal engineer. It highlights his research experience and accomplishments in the fields of III-V and III-nitride compound semiconductors, including developing techniques to grow GaAs on Si substrate and demonstrate world's first electrically pumped GaN-based VCSELs. The document lists his patents, publications, skills, and current position as a project director at Epistar Corp. focusing on epitaxial technique development and GaN power devices.
2011 _charge discharge simulation of an all-solid-state thin-film batteryMarshallSc1
The document describes a mathematical model of an all-solid-state thin-film lithium microbattery. The model is one-dimensional and considers lithium ion diffusion in the solid electrolyte and electrodes, as well as charge transfer kinetics at the interfaces. Model parameters are determined from experimental techniques like GITT and EIS for a commercial Li/LiPON/LiCoO2 microbattery. Simulation results agree well with charge/discharge curves, validating the model. The model can then be used to optimize design and predict performance under different conditions.
This document discusses interface engineering strategies for high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). It highlights the importance of optimizing the interfaces between different functional components in OFETs, such as the dielectric/semiconductor interface and source/drain electrode/semiconductor interface, in order to improve device performance. The document outlines some key requirements for the different components, including having large grain sizes and few grain boundaries in the organic semiconductor layer, controlling molecular ordering and orientation, using gate dielectrics with high capacitance and low charge traps, and optimizing the electrode/semiconductor interface to facilitate efficient charge injection. Interface engineering approaches that meet these requirements are necessary to fabricate high-performance OFETs.
The report summarizes the design and fabrication of electrospray sources for electric propulsion conducted during an 8-month cooperative work term. The goals were to mount a new laboratory and design single emitter and multi-emitter array prototypes. Key conclusions include adding oxygen during deep reactive ion etching improved prototype fabrication by reducing silica grass formation. The mounted laboratory and completed prototype designs achieve the research goals. Recommendations include further calibrating test equipment and conducting prototype performance tests after mounting is fully complete.
Exploiting the potential of 2-((5-(4-(diphenylamino)- phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)me...Akinola Oyedele
A comprehensive experimental study is reported on the optical and electrical characteristics of 2-((5-(4-
(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)methylene)malononitrile (DPTMM) when used as molecular donor
in an organic solar cell (OSC) device structure.
1) PV wires are expected to perform for over 25 years but current testing standards only evaluate them for 720 hours, which is not indicative of long-term outdoor exposure.
2) Researchers are developing an accelerated testing method by exposing PV wires to UV radiation and weathering at incremental time periods and analyzing changes after each exposure.
3) Preliminary results show surface changes in some wires after 336 hours of exposure, and further testing will characterize degradation mechanisms and correlate indoor and outdoor exposure results to validate the accelerated testing method.
Recent Advances in Photovoltaic Technology based on Perovskite Solar Cell- A ...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of recent advances in perovskite solar cell technology. Key points include:
- Perovskite solar cells have significantly higher efficiencies than organic solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells, with efficiencies increasing from 9.6% in 2012 to over 20% in 2015 for lead-based perovskites.
- Perovskites have the formula ABX3 and a specific crystal structure that enables their photovoltaic properties.
- While perovskite solar cells show great potential, issues of stability, toxicity from lead, and degradation with humidity and UV light need further addressing for commercialization.
This document is a summary report from an MIT study on the future of the nuclear fuel cycle. It provides an overview of the study participants and advisory committee members. The report is divided into several chapters that examine issues related to uranium resources, spent nuclear fuel management, waste management, fuel cycle analyses, economics, nonproliferation, fuel cycle technologies, public attitudes, and recommended research programs. It aims to provide guidance on key technical choices for an expanded nuclear power program in the US.
This document is a summary report from an MIT study on the future of the nuclear fuel cycle. It provides an overview of the study participants and advisory committee members. The report is divided into several chapters that examine issues related to uranium resources, spent nuclear fuel management, waste management, fuel cycle analyses, economics, nonproliferation, fuel cycle technologies, public attitudes, and recommended research programs. It aims to provide guidance on key technical choices for an expanded nuclear power program in the US.
Similar to Organometal halide perovskite solar cells: Degradation and stability (20)
Identification of physical origin behind disorder, heterogeneity, and reconst...Taame Abraha Berhe
Organolead halide perovskites are an impressive and relatively recent class of light-absorbing
materials for solar cells and light-emitting devices. It has been reported that exposure of the
perovskites materials to light has negative impacts on device performance. Also, surface
recombination has been reported as a major obstacle to the total carrier lifetime in perovskite
polycrystalline thin films. Herein, we explored the role played by Nanosecond pulsed UV laserirradiation
on carrier dynamics in perovskites thin films. Steady-state and time-resolved
photoluminescence measurements revealed the interplay of disorder and heterogeneity on
photoexcited carrier dynamics, while in-situ micro Raman and Angle dispersive X-ray diffraction
showed the mechanisms of crystal phase reconstruction. Exposures to laser light leads to rapid
crystal phase reconstruction and hence, unexpectedly, extend PL lifetime by fourfold instead of
promoting degradation. This verifies nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation plays a beneficial role in
improving in optoelectronic material parameters. Our findings reveal that pulsed laser irradiation is a
new approach to the reconstruction of microstructure and offers beneficial effects in the manufacture
of perovskites solar cells. Moreover, this work provides a clear insight towards identifying the
physical origin behind the disorder, heterogeneity, film reconstruction and nano-structuring as well
as their correlation with improved PL lifetime.
Keywords: perovskites, pulsed laser irradiation, reconstruction, disorder, heterogeneity,
photoluminescence
A highly stable CuS and CuS–Pt modified Cu2O/ CuO heterostructure as an effic...Taame Abraha Berhe
This document summarizes the development and characterization of a Cu2O/CuO heterostructure photocathode modified with CuS and Pt nanoparticles for efficient solar hydrogen production. The Cu2O/CuO heterostructure was synthesized via electrodeposition and annealing of copper, then modified with CuS using SILAR and Pt via sputtering. Characterization with Raman, XPS and XANES/EXAFS showed CuS interacted with Cu2O/CuO at the interface. The optimized Cu2O/CuO/CuS photocathode provided a photocurrent density of -5.4 mA cm-2, over 2.5 times higher than bare Cu2O/CuO. Adding both CuS
Organometal halide perovskite solar cell: Degradation and stabilityTaame Abraha Berhe
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck on SlideShare. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation by providing a button to click to begin the process. The document is advertising the ability to easily create presentations on SlideShare using Haiku Deck.
Haiku Deck is a presentation tool that allows users to create Haiku style slideshows. The tool encourages users to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentations which can be shared on SlideShare. In just a few sentences, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create visually engaging slideshows.
Haiku Deck is a presentation tool that allows users to create Haiku style slideshows. The tool encourages users to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentations which can be shared on SlideShare. In just a few sentences, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create visual presentations.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...Travis Hills MN
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.