Materials is a vast and critical area of expertise and techniques that is an integral cornerstone of contemporary technical societies, not a particular discipline. In this way, materials parallel other broad fields like energy, electronics, and medical science, where each spans several disciplines and is marked by scientific ferment and societal influence. If materials science is conducted on a small, moderate, or large scale, the people’s quality is directly related to the researcher doing it.
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Fabrication and Characterization of 2D Titanium Carbide MXene NanosheetsBecker Budwan
Typically, 2D free-standing crystals exhibit different properties from those of 3D counterparts. In this work, 2D nanosheets of Ti3C2 are synthesized by the room temperature exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 in hydrofluoric acid. Al is extracted from Ti3AlC2 and a new 2D material that we call MXene is formed to emphasize its graphene-like morphology. The treated powders can be used in the fabrication of Li-ion batteries and capacitors. A NSEM image of the treated powder shows the influence of HF treatment on the basal planes. Furthermore, XRD results shows the broadening of the peaks and loss of diffraction signal in the out-of-plane direction owing to exfoliation.
Remarkable self-organization and unusual conductivity behavior in cellulose n...Pawan Kumar
Aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals were blended with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) [PEDOT:PSS], and cast into thin films. The morphology, structure and electrical properties of the resulting nanocomposite thin films were thoroughly characterized. We found that the CNC–PEDOT:PSS blends self-organize into a layered vertical stack with a pitch of 100–200 nm while retaining a continuous percolation network for PEDOT. Atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and multi-angle light scattering measurements confirmed the wrapping of polymer chains around the rod-like CNCs. The blended films exhibited improved molecular ordering of the PEDOT chains with concomitant improvement in the carrier mobility. The remarkable self-organization and enhanced structural order enabled the CNC–PEDOT:PSS blends to exhibit a high conductivity typical of PEDOT:PSS even when the content of the insulating CNCs in the nanocomposite was as high as 50 wt%.
Fabrication and Characterization of 2D Titanium Carbide MXene NanosheetsBecker Budwan
Typically, 2D free-standing crystals exhibit different properties from those of 3D counterparts. In this work, 2D nanosheets of Ti3C2 are synthesized by the room temperature exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 in hydrofluoric acid. Al is extracted from Ti3AlC2 and a new 2D material that we call MXene is formed to emphasize its graphene-like morphology. The treated powders can be used in the fabrication of Li-ion batteries and capacitors. A NSEM image of the treated powder shows the influence of HF treatment on the basal planes. Furthermore, XRD results shows the broadening of the peaks and loss of diffraction signal in the out-of-plane direction owing to exfoliation.
Remarkable self-organization and unusual conductivity behavior in cellulose n...Pawan Kumar
Aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals were blended with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) [PEDOT:PSS], and cast into thin films. The morphology, structure and electrical properties of the resulting nanocomposite thin films were thoroughly characterized. We found that the CNC–PEDOT:PSS blends self-organize into a layered vertical stack with a pitch of 100–200 nm while retaining a continuous percolation network for PEDOT. Atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and multi-angle light scattering measurements confirmed the wrapping of polymer chains around the rod-like CNCs. The blended films exhibited improved molecular ordering of the PEDOT chains with concomitant improvement in the carrier mobility. The remarkable self-organization and enhanced structural order enabled the CNC–PEDOT:PSS blends to exhibit a high conductivity typical of PEDOT:PSS even when the content of the insulating CNCs in the nanocomposite was as high as 50 wt%.
Quantum dots for optoelectronic devices - phdassistancePhD Assistance
Nanometre-scale semiconductor chips have been imagined as next-generation technology with high functionality and convergence. Quantum dots, also known as artificial atoms, have special properties owing to their quantum confinement in all three dimensions. Quantum dots have a lot of interest in optoelectronic systems because of their special properties.
For decades, self-assembled nanostructures have been a topic of considerable concern and significance.
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know more about nanomaterials and its apllication in future as well as current situation, and what wil we reserch on basis of nanomaterials and carbon structure and its aplication in such futuriastic manner.
Doping the quantum dots is one of the most emerging hot topics. In addition to the enhancement of the optical properties of the quantum dots, it also improve the chemical stability and inhibit the self quenching effect in the undoped quantum dots. In addition to that, It opened the field of using non Cadmium based quantum dots, that will be very useful for various biological applications.
Enginneered nanoparticles and microbial activity- Dinesh et al (2012)Raghavan Dinesh
This presentation is based on our review paper ‘Engineered nanoparticles in the soil and their potential implications to microbial activity’, Geoderma, 2012, 173-174, 19-27 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.12.018)
Photoelectrochemical characterization of titania photoanodes fabricated using...Arkansas State University
Design and fabrication of new electrodes for photo-electrolysis using a material that is photo-active, stable, corrosion resistant, and cost effective.
Nano is Greek for dwarf, and nanoscience deals with the study of molecular and atomic particles, a world that is measured in nanometers (billionths of a meter or 10-9). A nanometer is one billionth of a meter ( 10-9)
Biogenic– Biosynthesis Metallic Nanoparticles (MNPs) for Pharmacological, Bio...Al Baha University
In future, the biogenic– biosynthesis MNPs have wide perspective synthesis in healthcare, sustainable and renewable energy and
other commercial products. MNPs produced by nanotechnology have received global attention due to their extensive applications in
the biomedical and physiochemical fields. Biomolecules present in live plants, plant extracts and microorganisms such as: bacteria,
fungi, seaweeds, actinomycetes, algae and microalgae can be used to reduce metal ions to MNPs in a single-step and green synthesis
process. Biological green synthesis of MNPs has been always beneficial, more economical, energy efficient and eco-friendly approach,
which is free of toxic contaminates as required in therapeutic applications. The biosynthesis reduction of metal ion to base metal is
quite rapid, readily conducted at room temperature, pressure and easily scaled up.
The reducing agents involved include the various water-soluble plant metabolites (e.g. alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids,
flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and other nutritional compounds) and co-enzymes. The polysaccharides, proteins and lipids
present in the algal membranes act as capping agents and thus limit the use of non-biodegradable commercial surfactants, which are
difficult to remove after the synthesis of MNPs. Metallic nanoparticles viz. cobalt, copper, silver, gold, platinum, zirconium, palladium,
iron, cadmium and metal oxides such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, magnetite, etc. have been the particular focus of green biosynthesis.
Here we review the methods of making MNPs using plants extracts and microorganisms. Methods of particle characterization,
biomedical and environmental applications of MNPs are reviewed. In the near future, the application of clean, non-toxic, and ecofriendly
nanostructured material will be possible in industry and biomedicine.
Quantum dots for optoelectronic devices - phdassistancePhD Assistance
Nanometre-scale semiconductor chips have been imagined as next-generation technology with high functionality and convergence. Quantum dots, also known as artificial atoms, have special properties owing to their quantum confinement in all three dimensions. Quantum dots have a lot of interest in optoelectronic systems because of their special properties.
For decades, self-assembled nanostructures have been a topic of considerable concern and significance.
Learn More:https://bit.ly/3xJJAiZ
Contact Us:
Website: https://www.phdassistance.com/
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know more about nanomaterials and its apllication in future as well as current situation, and what wil we reserch on basis of nanomaterials and carbon structure and its aplication in such futuriastic manner.
Doping the quantum dots is one of the most emerging hot topics. In addition to the enhancement of the optical properties of the quantum dots, it also improve the chemical stability and inhibit the self quenching effect in the undoped quantum dots. In addition to that, It opened the field of using non Cadmium based quantum dots, that will be very useful for various biological applications.
Enginneered nanoparticles and microbial activity- Dinesh et al (2012)Raghavan Dinesh
This presentation is based on our review paper ‘Engineered nanoparticles in the soil and their potential implications to microbial activity’, Geoderma, 2012, 173-174, 19-27 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.12.018)
Photoelectrochemical characterization of titania photoanodes fabricated using...Arkansas State University
Design and fabrication of new electrodes for photo-electrolysis using a material that is photo-active, stable, corrosion resistant, and cost effective.
Nano is Greek for dwarf, and nanoscience deals with the study of molecular and atomic particles, a world that is measured in nanometers (billionths of a meter or 10-9). A nanometer is one billionth of a meter ( 10-9)
Biogenic– Biosynthesis Metallic Nanoparticles (MNPs) for Pharmacological, Bio...Al Baha University
In future, the biogenic– biosynthesis MNPs have wide perspective synthesis in healthcare, sustainable and renewable energy and
other commercial products. MNPs produced by nanotechnology have received global attention due to their extensive applications in
the biomedical and physiochemical fields. Biomolecules present in live plants, plant extracts and microorganisms such as: bacteria,
fungi, seaweeds, actinomycetes, algae and microalgae can be used to reduce metal ions to MNPs in a single-step and green synthesis
process. Biological green synthesis of MNPs has been always beneficial, more economical, energy efficient and eco-friendly approach,
which is free of toxic contaminates as required in therapeutic applications. The biosynthesis reduction of metal ion to base metal is
quite rapid, readily conducted at room temperature, pressure and easily scaled up.
The reducing agents involved include the various water-soluble plant metabolites (e.g. alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids,
flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and other nutritional compounds) and co-enzymes. The polysaccharides, proteins and lipids
present in the algal membranes act as capping agents and thus limit the use of non-biodegradable commercial surfactants, which are
difficult to remove after the synthesis of MNPs. Metallic nanoparticles viz. cobalt, copper, silver, gold, platinum, zirconium, palladium,
iron, cadmium and metal oxides such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, magnetite, etc. have been the particular focus of green biosynthesis.
Here we review the methods of making MNPs using plants extracts and microorganisms. Methods of particle characterization,
biomedical and environmental applications of MNPs are reviewed. In the near future, the application of clean, non-toxic, and ecofriendly
nanostructured material will be possible in industry and biomedicine.
Multifunctional carbon nitride nanoarchitectures for catalysisPawan Kumar
Catalysis is at the heart of modern-day chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and there is an urgent demand to develop metal-free, high surface area, and efficient catalysts in a scalable, reproducible and economic manner. Amongst the ever-expanding two-dimensional materials family, carbon nitride (CN) has emerged as the most researched material for catalytic applications due to its unique molecular structure with tunable visible range band gap, surface defects, basic sites, and nitrogen functionalities. These properties also endow it with anchoring capability with a large number of catalytically active sites and provide opportunities for doping, hybridization, sensitization, etc. To make considerable progress in the use of CN as a highly effective catalyst for various applications, it is critical to have an in-depth understanding of its synthesis, structure and surface sites. The present review provides an overview of the recent advances in synthetic approaches of CN, its physicochemical properties, and band gap engineering, with a focus on its exclusive usage in a variety of catalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution reactions, overall water splitting, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, nitrogen reduction reactions, pollutant degradation, and organocatalysis. While the structural design and band gap engineering of catalysts are elaborated, the surface chemistry is dealt with in detail to demonstrate efficient catalytic performances. Burning challenges in catalytic design and future outlook are elucidated.
Optimisation of Biogas Production using NanotechnologyYogeshIJTSRD
Nanotechnology largely affects a more extensive scope of biotechnological, pharmacological and unadulterated innovative applications. In this paper we would be covering the use of nanotechnology in the production as well as optimisation of biogas. This paper clearly shows the potential and relationship between the both – biogas production and nanotechnology via various feedstock characterisation studies which was done during this paper. The aim of this paper is to showcase how these both technologies complement each other and how nanotechnology is applied in feedstock and convert it to biogas. Our study shows how nanotechnology is applied on pressmud and gas production is enhanced at laboratory level. The digestion of pressmud with nanomaterials were studied. Our study clearly indicates that the biogas production can surely be enhanced in case of treating pressmud by using magnetite nanoparticles which gives higher methane yields compared to normal digestion without nanoparticles. This study not only confirms the enhanced biogas generation from pressmud but also confirms that on other biodegradable material the same principle can be applied and gas production can be enhanced. Our study surely will be an important tool for implementing of nanotechnology in biogas research and enhanced production wherever the press mud is available. Srinivas Kasulla | S J Malik | Ahmad Allam Siddiqui "Optimisation of Biogas Production using Nanotechnology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39867.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/39867/optimisation-of-biogas-production-using-nanotechnology/srinivas-kasulla
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
This paper represent the innovative trends
and aspect of green nanotechnology development
challenges and opportunities in the field of alternative
technology to assist in future developments in this field.
There are various innovative applications of green Nanotechnology
in different- different fields like Energy,
Medicine and Drugs, Nano bio-technology, Nano devices,
Optical Engineering, Defence & Security, Bio
Engineering,Cosmetics,Nano Fabrics etc. Nanotechnology
improves the process of production and also improves the
quality of products. It works at the molecular level and
utilizes the more advanced concept, idea and research for
the development of different fields and production.
Multifunctional materials for clean energy conversionDevika Laishram
With the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, rising environmental concerns,
and population growth, it is inevitable to develop clean energy technologies
to power our future society [1e4]. These energy conversion and storage
technologies are anticipated to be sustainable and also capable of meeting
our long-term energy needs. During the past few years, extensive research
interests have been devoted to the advancement of energy conversion devices, as they play a crucial role in the prosperity and economic growth of
a country. Particularly, the energy conversion technologies such as solar
and fuel cells have proved to be highly reliable and can offer clean and sustainable energy at affordable rate [5e8]. However, the performance potential of these devices, such as output voltage, conversion efficiency, and
stability, are greatly relied on the materials used. The energy conversion process comprises physical and/or chemical reactions at th
Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of matter in atomic and molecular scale. It is emerging as a principal discipline that is integrating chemistry and materials science. It holds the promise of being a main driver of technology with significant impact for all aspects of society. Nano manufacturing is manufacturing at the nanoscale. It is an interdisciplinary field covering physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering. This paper provides an introduction to nano manufacturing. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Olukayode R. Egunjobi | Sarhan M. Musa "Nano Manufacturing: An Introduction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38539/nano-manufacturing-an-introduction/matthew-n-o-sadiku
The relationship between clinical and biochemical findings with diabetic keto...PhD Assistance
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs when the signaling from the body’s insulin is so inadequate that it causes the following conditions:
• Blood sugar cannot enter cells that may be utilised as an energy source.
• The hepatic tissue makes up a remarkable quantity of blood sugar.
• The body cannot keep up with the rate at which fat is broken up.
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Referencing an Article - Its styles and type.pptxPhD Assistance
A reference typically contains the names and initials of the authors, the title of the piece, the name of the journal, the volume and issue, the date, the page numbers, and the DOI.
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Referencing an Article - Its styles and type.pdfPhD Assistance
Referencing plays a crucial step for an manuscript to be successfully published. A reference typically contains the names and initials of the authors, the title of the piece, the name of the journal, the volume and issue, the date, the page numbers, and the DOI.
ROLE OF COMMUNITY TO BOOST MENTAL HEALTH .pptxPhD Assistance
Socializing can depend on when you require to chat or need medical assistance with anything could assist anyone get through challenging circumstances that may seem overwhelming on your own.
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Current and future developments in cultural psychology of inequality in PhD r...PhD Assistance
The economic disparity was once seen as an important stage of economic growth by economists in PhD dissertation assistance in Psychology. When a country is in its early stages of economic growth, the wealthiest individuals profit first.
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Quantum Machine Learning is all you Need – PhD Assistance.pdfPhD Assistance
Quantum computing can be used in Deep learning and machine learning to reduce the time taken train the deep neural network.
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Nutritional Interventional trials in muscle and cachexia PhD research directi...PhD Assistance
Trials were organized according to the kind of nutrition intervention, dietary guidance, food supplement, and multimodal therapies are given to participants in the experimental arm.
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Nutritional Interventional trials in muscle and cachexia PhD research directi...PhD Assistance
Trials were organized according to the kind of nutrition intervention, dietary guidance, food supplement, and multimodal therapies are given to participants in the experimental arm.
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7 Major Types of Cyber Security Threats.pdfPhD Assistance
To improve cyber security, it is essential to monitor changing and more frequent cyber-attacks. An online cyber security master’s degree may be quite helpful for workers working to expand their understanding of dangers and cyber security information.
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Machine Learning Algorithm for Business Strategy.pdfPhD Assistance
Many algorithms are based on the idea that classes can be divided along a straight line (or its higher-dimensional analog). Support vector machines and logistic regression are two examples.
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Consumer purchasing behavior describes the steps consumers take before purchasing a good or service, both online and offline. It’s challenging to categorize anything as complex as consumer purchasing behavior into four orderly groups.
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Consumer purchasing behavior describes the steps consumers take before purchasing a good or service, both online and offline. It’s challenging to categorize anything as complex as consumer purchasing behavior into four orderly groups.
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Factors Contributing and Counter Measure in Drowsiness Detection of Drivers.pptxPhD Assistance
One of the main factors contributing to traffic accidents is driver drowsiness. According to previous literatures, drowsy driving accounts for 25 to 30% of all traffic accidents.
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Factors Contributing and Counter Measure in Drowsiness Detection of Drivers.pdfPhD Assistance
One of the main factors contributing to traffic accidents is driver drowsiness. According to previous literatures, drowsy driving accounts for 25 to 30% of all traffic accidents.
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Sample work: https://www.phdassistance.com/sample-work/dam-site-selection-using-gis-and-remote-sensing-test/
Immigrant’s Potentials to Emerge as Entrepreneurs.pptxPhD Assistance
In recent decades, immigrants have made tremendous increases in their entrepreneurial contributions to these industrialized countries. This shift is occurring for a number of reasons.
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Immigrant’s Potentials to Emerge as Entrepreneurs - PhD Assistance.pdfPhD Assistance
Immigrant’s cross-cultural experience is one of the most persuasive explanations for these entrepreneurs’ success in developed countries. They can enhance competitive company ideas and find greater business possibilities thanks to it.
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An overview of cyber security data science from a perspective of machine lear...PhD Assistance
Machine learning (ML) is sometimes regarded as a subset of “Artificial Intelligence,” and it is strongly related to data science, data mining, and computational statistics.
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An overview of cyber security data science from a perspective of machine lear...PhD Assistance
Machine learning (ML) is sometimes regarded as a subset of “Artificial Intelligence,” and it is strongly related to data science, data mining, and computational statistics.
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Selecting a Research Topic - Framework for Doctoral Students.pdfPhD Assistance
The first hurdle for a PhD Scholar and it’s perfectly good if you’re in the same thesis topics. The only way to overcome this barrier is to initiate the procedure at some point.
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Identifying and Formulating the Research Problem in Food and Nutrition Study ...PhD Assistance
The bioavailability of specific nutrients might change according to a variety of reasons. This frequently involves limiting the scope of the job. Numerous nutrients are necessary for some of the biological activities of nutrition.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance
1. Current state
and Prospects
of Materials
Science
Research An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Phdassistance
Group www.phdassistance.com
Email: info@phdassistance.com
3. Materials is a vast and critical area of
and techniques that is an
expertise
integral
technical
cornerstone
societies,
of contemporary
not a particular
discipline.
In this way, materials parallel other broad
fields like energy, electronics, and
medical
several
science,
disciplines
where each spans
and is marked by
INTRODUCTION
scientific ferment and societal influence.
Contd...
4. If materials science is conducted on a
small, moderate, or large scale, the
people’s quality is directly related to the r
esearcher doing it.
This report uses analysis to gain insight
into the present state and future
possibilities of materials research.
7. Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials s cience and technology have
sparked a lot of interest and anticipation in recent
years.
Nanostructures are also suitable for computer
simulation and modelling because their scale is
small enough to allow for a high level of rigour in
treatment.
In nanomaterials computations, the spatial scaling
ranges from 1 to 1 mm, and the temporal scaling
ranges from 1 fs to 1 s, with the precision limit
exceeding 1 kcal mol-1.
Contd...
8. Two examples of recent successes and paradigm changes in this area are STM
images of quantum dots (e.g., a germanium pyramid on a silicon surface) and the
quantum corral of 48 Fe atoms arranged in a circle of 7.3 nm radius. [1].
However, tunable Superhydrophobicity from 3D Hierarchically NanoWrinkled
MicroPyramidal Architectures was recently reported by Weixin Zhang and collaborators.
Contd...
9. With a touch angle of 172° and a sliding angle of 5° in a steady “Lotus” state, excellent
Superhydrophobicity is achieved due to multiscale structures.
Furthermore, the wear resistance and stability measurements indicate that the material
will outperform in simulated extreme real-world applications [2].
Contd...
10. Table 1. Various nanomaterial synthesis and investigation approaches
Contd...
11. Energy materials
Stabilising a consistent and renewable electricity
supply to satisfy the world’s rising energy demands
is one of the biggest problems of the twenty-first
century.
With the introduction of renewable energies, there
is a new market for energy storage facilities.
Perovskite oxides are valuable functional materials
with outstanding physical and chemical properties
used in ferroelectric, piezoelectric, dielectric,
energy conversion and storage, and other
applications.
Contd...
12. Oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction
reaction, electrochemical water splitting, metal-air
batteries, solid-state batteries, oxygen separation
membrane, and solid oxide fuel cells are some of
the newer uses of perovskite oxides.
While various behaviour descriptors for perovskite
oxides have been published, such as the number
of d electrons, Eg occupancy, bulk-forming energy,
metal-oxygen covalency, and the location of the
O–p band gravity core, there is still a need for the
world and feasible reactivity descriptor.
Contd...
13. Furthermore, high-throughput DFT calculations, machine learning, and artificial
intelligence help speed up exploring new materials.
Perovskite oxides’ drawbacks include low electronic conductivity at room temperature and
instability in acidic environments.
Adding a certain volume of metals or creating composites with strong electronic conductors,
such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, or Mxenes, is one efficient way to increase electronic
conductivity.
Nanostructured materials with higher surface area and more open reactive sites usually
perform better than bulk materials
Contd...
14. Biomaterials
Biomaterials have a lot of potential for addressing
COVID-19’s problems.
Even though tissue engineering and regenerative
biomaterials, new research shows promise
medicine have long dominated the field of
in
offering transformative solutions to viral outbreaks
[4].
Clinical perspectives are exchanged to identify
current healthcare needs better than biomaterials
technologies can address.
Contd...
15. The most popular screening patient samples for current SARS-CoV-2 infection is nucleic
acid testing via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Nanostructures may be built to replicate living cells in a different nanomaterials-centred
approach.
Nanodecoys constructed from cell membrane-derived materials are used to trap and
sequester viruses.
Biomaterials provide several possibilities for overcoming the shortcomings of current
clinical techniques (Figure 1).
Contd...
17. Nanodecoys engineered to capture and sequester virus may be inserted directly into the
bloodstream (top left).
In contrast, drug-loaded nanoparticles can be formulated as inhalants to administer
medications to lung tissue locally (top right).
Extracorporeal blood therapies may replenish O2 (bottom right), modulate immune
signalling by removing or supplementing proinflammatory cytokines, or eliminate virus
particles directly from the bloodstream (bottom left) [4]
Contd...
18. Polymers and plastics
Plasticisers have long been recognised for
producing lightweight plastics in various
industries, including the automobile industry,
medical devices, and consumer goods.
Because of the constantly evolving spectrum
of bio-based and biodegradable polymers and
rising interest in investing in the bioplastics
market, global bioplastics output capacities
are difficult to predict and are typically based
on prediction.
Contd...
19. Natural polymers such as cellulose derivatives, thermoplastic starch (TPS), and their blends
have the largest processing potential, as these components are increasingly replacing
plastics in the lightweight film packaging industry.
Bio monomers-derived glucose fermentation or lignin fermentation have also been used to
produce commonly used commodity polymers, including polyethene terephthalate,
polyamide, and polypropylene, including polyethene terephthalate, polyamide, and
polypropylene for the revival of Bio-PET, Bio-PA, and Bio-PP, respectively.
Using unaccounted biomass as a valuable resource and rationally engineering bioplastics
to impart optimal versatility and recyclability would provide a sustainable bioplastics
production value chain [5].
Contd...
20. Figure 2. A diagram depicting the technical methods used in the production of industrial
bioplastics (shaded in blue: biodegradable polymers derived from oil-based resources).
Contd...
21. Metals and
alloys
Stainless steel, titanium and its alloys, cobalt alloys, and other metals and
alloys have all been used clinically as implant components.
Still, contamination or inflammation caused by the implant is also one of the
leading causes of implantation failure.
Antibacterial metals and alloys have recently gained popularity due to their long-
term antibacterial stability, strong mechanical properties, and biocompatibility.
Contd...
22. Antibacterial stainless steel, antibacterial titanium alloy,
antibacterial zinc and alloy, antibacterial magnesium
and alloy, antibacterial cobalt alloy, and other
antibacterial metals and alloys were defined in detail, as
well as recent advances in the design and manufacture
of antibacterial metal alloys containing various
antibacterial agents.
Figure 3 indicates the number of publications included in
Web of Science searches for antibacterial or
antimicrobial study.
Contd...
23. Figure. 3. Web of Science was used to search for antibacterial scientific publications. a)
antibacterial or antimicrobial in the topic, b) antibacterial metal, antibacterial steel, and
antibacterial titanium in the topic [6]
Contd...
24. Ceramics
Ceramic-based energy storage materials have significant
benefits over polymer energy storage materials, such as
outstanding thermal stability, long life span, and cycle
time.
Dielectric capacitors, which have the fastest
charging/discharging rate and the highest power density
for existing energy storage devices such as
supercapacitors, batteries, and electrolytic capacitors, are
allowing electric energy devices.
Contd...
25. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is a common piezoelectric material that enables the
synthesis of many materials with a broad range of properties due to the formulation of
solid solutions over a wide range of Zr: Ti ratios. Also, this system accommodates a wide
range of dopants for modification of crystal structure.
This method also supports a wide variety of dopants for crystal structure alteration.
Because of its versatility, PZT has become very popular with users and researchers all
over the world.
Some lead-free piezo material structures have been investigated, including BNT, BKT,
KNN, and BZT-BCT. However, the advancement of lead-free piezo devices and their
success with PZT devices is still in the early stages.
26. FUTURESCOPE
It is critical to developing cost-effective, cheaper,
and safer nanomaterials that will provide efficient
drug loading and managed drug release of certain
difficult drug moieties for which no other viable
delivery method exists.
the tremendous success, developing
and controllable approaches to the
Despite
effective
scalable synthesis of nanostructured perovskite
oxides remains a challenge.
Contd..
.
27. It is critical for commercialising effective oxygen electrocatalysts for electrochemical
energy storage and conversion technologies.
A multidisciplinary methodology involving conventional electrochemistry, experimental
solid-state chemistry and physics, advanced characterisation, and multiscale
computational modelling will be needed for future advances in this exciting area.
To the environmental risk of potential pandemics, masks made of biodegradable
materials or used for several purposes must be designed.
Contd...
28. Cells and tissues are unaffected by antibacterial stainless steel, antibacterial titanium
alloys, and antibacterial cobalt alloys.
Surface biomodification to increase or enhance cell response is also needed,
resulting in decreased antibacterial activity.
As a result, the choice of surface biomodification and its effect on cell reaction and
antibacterial activity should be thoroughly investigated.
Contd...
29. Even though many antibacterial pathways have been thoroughly explored so far, the
antibacterial process remains a mystery.
As a result, the production and preparation of antibacterial metal alloys are also heavily
reliant on element alloying, including the appropriate Cu or Ag element.