Perovskite Solar Cells
a short general overview presentation
hadi maghsoudi
device structure
crystal structure
preparation synthesis method
review papers
A perovskite solar cell is a type of solar cell which includes a perovskite structured compound, most commonly a hybrid organic-inorganic lead or tin halide-based material, as the light-harvesting active layer.
This presentation summarizes history and recent development of perovskite solar cells. If you have any questions or comments, you can reach me at agassifeng@gmail.com
Use of conventional sources of energy to generate electricity is
increasing rapidly due to growing energy demands. This is a
major cause of pollution as well and also is an environmental
concern for future. Considering this, there is lot of R&D going on in the field of alternate energy sources with recent advancements in technology. One of the most recent advancement is the perovskite solar technology in the photovoltaics industry. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been improved from 9.7 to 20.1% within 4 years which is the fastest advancement ever in the photovoltaic industry. Such a high photovoltaic performance can be attributed to optically high absorption characteristics of the hybrid lead perovskite materials. In this review, different perovskite materials are breifly discussed along with the fundamental details of the hybrid lead halide perovskite materials. The fabrication techniques, stability, device structure and the chemistry of the perovskite structure are also briefly described aiming for a better understanding of these materials and thus highly efficient perovskite solar cell devices. The main focus of this resarch is to understand possible methods to reduce toxicity due to lead and to improve Perovskite stability.
A perovskite solar cell is a type of solar cell which includes a perovskite structured compound, most commonly a hybrid organic-inorganic lead or tin halide-based material, as the light-harvesting active layer.
This presentation summarizes history and recent development of perovskite solar cells. If you have any questions or comments, you can reach me at agassifeng@gmail.com
Use of conventional sources of energy to generate electricity is
increasing rapidly due to growing energy demands. This is a
major cause of pollution as well and also is an environmental
concern for future. Considering this, there is lot of R&D going on in the field of alternate energy sources with recent advancements in technology. One of the most recent advancement is the perovskite solar technology in the photovoltaics industry. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been improved from 9.7 to 20.1% within 4 years which is the fastest advancement ever in the photovoltaic industry. Such a high photovoltaic performance can be attributed to optically high absorption characteristics of the hybrid lead perovskite materials. In this review, different perovskite materials are breifly discussed along with the fundamental details of the hybrid lead halide perovskite materials. The fabrication techniques, stability, device structure and the chemistry of the perovskite structure are also briefly described aiming for a better understanding of these materials and thus highly efficient perovskite solar cell devices. The main focus of this resarch is to understand possible methods to reduce toxicity due to lead and to improve Perovskite stability.
Perovskites-based Solar Cells: The challenge of material choice for p-i-n per...Akinola Oyedele
Perovskite-based PV have triggered widespread interest in the scientific community because these materials offer the attractive combinations of low cost and theoretically high efficiency. However, several challenges must be overcome for these relatively new PV materials. Among the many important challenges, one is the choice of materials to be used in thin film PV devices..
Based on fundamental principles of solar photovoltaics, this problem focuses on two aspects of the perovskite system:
1) Based on a planar p-i-n device structure, a potential list of p- and n-type charge collecting layers as well as the conductive contacts that could be used with a promising perovskite absorber material was identified, and a proper justification for the selection of each material in the device was given.
2) Three theoretical p-i-n type solar cells were made with the chosen materials and appropriate conductive contacts.
Perovskite: introduction, classification, structure of perovskite, method to synthesis, characterization by XRD and UV- vis spectroscopy , lambert beer's law, material properties and advantage and application.
Progress in all inorganic perovskite solar cellMd Ataul Mamun
Since their first introduction in the research arena, the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite photovoltaic cells have been showing frequent record breaking power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Despite the rapid increase in PCE by engaging new perovskite materials as active layers as well as new fabrication techniques, their stability remains too poor to go for a mass production. Mainly the organic materials in the hybrid PSCs are responsible for this instability. Consequently, very recently, different approaches are taken to replace these organic components by inorganic ones to fabricate all-inorganic PSCs. Though these first-generation all-inorganic PSCs are yet to produce competitive PCEs like their counterparts, they have already demonstrated superb stability to be a propitious bidder for solar cell energy yielding. The state-of-the-art quantum dots based cells shown efficiency as high as 10.77% and intact stability for months.
Use of conventional sources of energy to generate electricity is
increasing rapidly due to growing energy demands in every sector which is the major cause for pollution as well and also is an environmental concern for future. Considering this, there is lot of R&D going on in the field of alternate energy sources with recent advancements in technology. One of the recent advancement is the perovskite solar technology in the photovoltaics industry. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been improved from 9.7 to 20.1% within 4 years which is the fastest advancement ever in the photovoltaic industry. Such a high photovoltaic performance can be attributed to optically high absorption characteristics of the hybrid lead perovskite materials.
In this review, different perovskite materials are discussed along with the fundamental details of the hybrid lead halide perovskite materials. The fabrication techniques, stability, device structure and the chemistry of the perovskite structure are also described aiming for a better understanding of these materials and thus highly efficient perovskite solar cell devices. In addition some advantages and drawbacks are also discussed here to outline the prospects and challenges of using the perovskites in commercial PV devices.
Research proposal on organic-inorganic halide perovskite light harvesting mat...Rajan K. Singh
Organic-Inorganic perovskite materials has many applications in the field of opto-electronics such as photo-voltaic cells, LEDs, sensors, memory devices etc. due to its excellent optical and electrical properties. Presence of Pb in such type of perovskite is the biggest challenge for researchers.
Advantages and problems of perovskite solar cellalfachemistry
This article mainly introduces the advantages and problems of perovskite solar cell. Visit https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/products/perovskite-solar-cells-139.htm for more information.
An introduction of perovskite solar cellsalfachemistry
This article introduces the development, structure and work mechanism of perovskite solar cells. Visit https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/products/perovskite-solar-cells-139.htm for more information.
A solar cell is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity
The first practical photovoltaic cell was publicly demonstrated on April 25, 1954 at Bell Laboratories.
From 2002 we can see the modern solar cell.
Perovskites-based Solar Cells: The challenge of material choice for p-i-n per...Akinola Oyedele
Perovskite-based PV have triggered widespread interest in the scientific community because these materials offer the attractive combinations of low cost and theoretically high efficiency. However, several challenges must be overcome for these relatively new PV materials. Among the many important challenges, one is the choice of materials to be used in thin film PV devices..
Based on fundamental principles of solar photovoltaics, this problem focuses on two aspects of the perovskite system:
1) Based on a planar p-i-n device structure, a potential list of p- and n-type charge collecting layers as well as the conductive contacts that could be used with a promising perovskite absorber material was identified, and a proper justification for the selection of each material in the device was given.
2) Three theoretical p-i-n type solar cells were made with the chosen materials and appropriate conductive contacts.
Perovskite: introduction, classification, structure of perovskite, method to synthesis, characterization by XRD and UV- vis spectroscopy , lambert beer's law, material properties and advantage and application.
Progress in all inorganic perovskite solar cellMd Ataul Mamun
Since their first introduction in the research arena, the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite photovoltaic cells have been showing frequent record breaking power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Despite the rapid increase in PCE by engaging new perovskite materials as active layers as well as new fabrication techniques, their stability remains too poor to go for a mass production. Mainly the organic materials in the hybrid PSCs are responsible for this instability. Consequently, very recently, different approaches are taken to replace these organic components by inorganic ones to fabricate all-inorganic PSCs. Though these first-generation all-inorganic PSCs are yet to produce competitive PCEs like their counterparts, they have already demonstrated superb stability to be a propitious bidder for solar cell energy yielding. The state-of-the-art quantum dots based cells shown efficiency as high as 10.77% and intact stability for months.
Use of conventional sources of energy to generate electricity is
increasing rapidly due to growing energy demands in every sector which is the major cause for pollution as well and also is an environmental concern for future. Considering this, there is lot of R&D going on in the field of alternate energy sources with recent advancements in technology. One of the recent advancement is the perovskite solar technology in the photovoltaics industry. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been improved from 9.7 to 20.1% within 4 years which is the fastest advancement ever in the photovoltaic industry. Such a high photovoltaic performance can be attributed to optically high absorption characteristics of the hybrid lead perovskite materials.
In this review, different perovskite materials are discussed along with the fundamental details of the hybrid lead halide perovskite materials. The fabrication techniques, stability, device structure and the chemistry of the perovskite structure are also described aiming for a better understanding of these materials and thus highly efficient perovskite solar cell devices. In addition some advantages and drawbacks are also discussed here to outline the prospects and challenges of using the perovskites in commercial PV devices.
Research proposal on organic-inorganic halide perovskite light harvesting mat...Rajan K. Singh
Organic-Inorganic perovskite materials has many applications in the field of opto-electronics such as photo-voltaic cells, LEDs, sensors, memory devices etc. due to its excellent optical and electrical properties. Presence of Pb in such type of perovskite is the biggest challenge for researchers.
Advantages and problems of perovskite solar cellalfachemistry
This article mainly introduces the advantages and problems of perovskite solar cell. Visit https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/products/perovskite-solar-cells-139.htm for more information.
An introduction of perovskite solar cellsalfachemistry
This article introduces the development, structure and work mechanism of perovskite solar cells. Visit https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/products/perovskite-solar-cells-139.htm for more information.
A solar cell is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity
The first practical photovoltaic cell was publicly demonstrated on April 25, 1954 at Bell Laboratories.
From 2002 we can see the modern solar cell.
in this ppt it was explained that the importance of dssc and the working principles and the notes during the research work..
the concept was explained in the ppt was very clear......
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Perovskite solar cells
1. Short Overview of
Perovskite Solar Cells
New Promising Materials for Next Generation Solar Cells
Hadi Maghsoudi
27 February 2015
Slides at: http://www.slideshare.net/hadimaghsoudi/perovskite-solar-cells
2. Basic Structure of a Photovoltaic Solar Cell
• A photovoltaic solar cell is made of three main part:
• Light Absorber; converting incident photons to electron and holes
• Carrier Collector/s; capturing the carriers (electron and holes)
• Metal Contacts: transferring the carriers to the circuit
• The heart of a solar cell is the absorber layer
2Basic schematic of a photovoltaic solar cell
3. Three Generations of Solar Cells
• Wafer based:
• Monocrystalline silicon 25%
• Polycrystalline silicon 20%
• Multi-junction cell (different band-gap materials) 40%
• Thin Films:
• Amorphous thin film silicon 13%
• CdTe (Cadmium Telluride) 17%
• CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Selenium) 20%
• Low Cost and high Efficient:
• DSSC (Dye-sensitized solar cells)
• QDSSC (Quantum Dot-sensitized solar cells)
• OPV (Organic photovoltics)
• QDs-Polymer Hybrid solar cells
• Perovskite Solar Cells
3
Highest efficiency
4. Emergence of Perovskite Solar Cells
• Efficiency jump in photovoltaics research
• From 3.8 % in 2009 to 15.9 % in 2014
4Science 18 October 2013: Vol. 342 no. 6156 pp. 317-318
15% perovskite solar cell made in University of Oxford
5. Superiorities of Perovskite Solar Cells
1. High efficiency; with an efficiency of 15.9% after only several
years work.
2. Facile low temperature solution-based fabrication method;
3. High absorption coefficient.
4. Higher stability in air.
5. High diffusion length, high charge-carrier mobilities.
• it means that the light-generated electrons and holes can move large
enough distances to be extracted as current, instead of losing their energy
as heat within the cell
6. very high values of open-circuit voltages (VOC) typically
obtained.
5
6. Perovskite Crystal Structure
• Usually have stoichiometry of AMX3
• X is an oxide or halide anion such as Cl, Br and I.
• M refers to a metal cation with a coordination number of 6.
• The MX6 octahedra share corners and A is usually a large cation
that fills the cuboctahedral holes with coordination number of
12.
• A can be Ca, K, Na, Pb, Sr, other rare metals.
6CrystEngComm, 2010, 12, 2646-2662
7. Organic–inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
• First three-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite,
discovered by replacing caesium in CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br or I)
with methylammonium cations (MA = CH3NH3
+) by Dieter
Weber, in 1978.
• CH3NH3PbI3 is most common used materials for making high
efficiency perovskite solar cells.
• CH3NH3PbI3 is a semiconducting pigment with a direct bandgap
of 1.55 eV with absorption coefficient as high as 104–105 cm−1
7JACS, 136, 622, 2014
Methylammonium (MA)
8. Organic–inorganic Hybrid Perovskites cont.
• The unit cell parameter 𝑎 increases from 5.68 to 5.92 and to
6.27 Å as the size of halide increases from X = Cl to Br and to I,
respectively.
• The large size and aspherical shape of MA cause distortion in
network and drives several phase transitions by decreasing T.
• For T <160 K orthorhombic, 162.2 K<T< 327.4 K tetragonal
and T > 327.4 K cubic.
8
Phys. Rev. B 90, 045207
9. Band Gap Tuning
• Bandgap tuning is required to extend the absorption to longer
wavelengths without sacrificing the absorption coefficient.
• Changing in any of A, M and X in AMX3 changes the bandgap
• The bandgap also can be tuned in between 1.55 eV and 1.17 eV
by varying the ratio of lead to tin
9
Small
Volume 11, Issue 1, pages 10-25, 30 OCT 2014 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402767
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.201402767/full#smll201402767-fig-0002
FA: formamidinium HC(NH2)2
+
10. Device structure
• The device structure, related materials, and interfacial
modification are key factors in performance of solar cells.
• Two typical structures can be constructed: a) mesoscopic
nanostructure and b) planar structure.
• Mesoporous TiO2 layer usually is used to collect the electrons
• Organic Hole transporting material (HTM) collects the holes
• Planar structure has simpler structure and higher efficiency
10
Small
Volume 11, Issue 1, pages 10-25, 30 OCT 2014 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402767
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.201402767/full#smll201402767-fig-0004
11. Preparation Method
• There are two common methods:
1) one step coating: spin-coating a mixed CH3NH3I and PbI2solution
2) two-step coating: spin-coating CH3NH3I after coating with PbI2
11
Small
Volume 11, Issue 1, pages 10-25, 30 OCT 2014 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402767
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.201402767/full#smll201402767-fig-0005
12. Preparation Method cont.
• All deposition process happens at a low temperature (below 150
°C), which is suitable for the fabrication of flexible solar cells
based on PET substrates.
• The concentration of the CH3NH3I solution affects the crystal
size from about 90 nm to about 700 nm.
• Photovoltaic performance was strongly influenced by the
CH3NH3I concentration, i.e., the crystal size of CH3NH3PbI3
• CH3NH3PbI3 degrades in humid conditions and forms PbI2 at
higher temperatures due to the loss of CH3NH3I
• Lead (Pb) compounds are very toxic and harmful to the
environment.
• Video instruction of fabricating perovskite soalr cells:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqW9HrasNPA
12
13. Future Challenges of Perovskite Solar Cells
• Improving efficiency to exceed thin film CdTe solar cells
• By understanding their material properties and optimal cell designs
• Increasing air and temperature stability
• Replacing toxic Pb with a greener element
• Is AMX3 (perovskite structure) the best stoichiometry? Have we
tried other structures?
13
14. References
1. Small, Volume 11, Issue 1, pages 10-25, 30 OCT 2014 DOI:
10.1002/smll.201402767
2. Nature Materials 13, 838–842 (2014) doi:10.1038/nmat4065
3. Science 18 October 2013: Vol. 342 no. 6156 pp. 317-318
4. CrystEngComm, 2010, 12, 2646-2662 10.1039/C001929A
5. PHYSICAL REVIEW B 90, 045207 (2014)
6. Nature Photonics 8, 506–514 (2014)
doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.134
7. Angewandte Chemie International Edition Volume 53, Issue
11, pages 2812–2824, March 10, 2014
8. Phys. Rev. B 90, 045207 – Published 24 July 2014
14