ORGANISING AND STARTING A CSSR OPERATION

ORGANISING AND STARTING A CSSR
OPERATION
ANUP SINGH,NDRF ACADEMY

COLLAPSED STRUCTURE SEARCH AND
RESCUE
• An operation to conduct
safe and effective Search
and Rescue operations at
collapsed structure
incidents involving the
collapse or failure of
reinforced and un
reinforced masonry,
concrete, tilt-up and heavy
timber construction.
• (NFPA 1670)

COLLAPSED STRUCTURE

CSSR SQUAD
• An Active component
of an emergency
response system
whose purpose is to
search for , locate ,
gain access to , stabilize
and extricate trapped
victims from a
collapsed structure.

CSSR SQUAD ORGANIZATION
(For safety reason a CSSR squad should have 6
members as per NFPA guidelines)
(L) – Squad members rotate positions as
Logistics person
Squad Leader
Rescue Specialist R/S R/S (L)R/SR/S

A manageable span of control is defined as
the number of individuals one supervisor can
manage effectively.
In the Incident Command System (ICS), the
span of control for any supervisor falls within
a range of three to seven resources, with five
being the optimum.
SPAN OF CONTROL

TASKS OF A SQUAD LEADER
• Remain in contact of CP or EOC
• Receive work instructions
• Assign task to Rescuer
• Decide which specific TEA is to be used
• Monitor work rotation
• Update the CP on progress & completed task
• Safety officer for the squad
• Maintain a log of all events, actions & expenditures

Tasks of Rescuers
• Carry out work instructions from the Leader
• Correctly & safely use of TEA
• Info the progress of task to SL
• Request SL for resources for completing task
• As Logistic Position ( A rotating position within squad
responsible for TEA & other resources)
• Note- Work in pairs provide physical sp, monitoring
safety & rest.

1 . P r e p a r a t i o n
2 . A c t i v a t i o n a n d
M o b i l i s a t i o n
3 . O P E R A T I O N S
3 . 2 . 1 C o m p i l e i n f o r m a t i o n
3 . 2 . 2 C o m m a n d P o s t
3 . 2 . 3 O p e r a t i o n a l o b j e c t i v e s
3 . 2 . 4 A s s i g n t a s k s
3 . 2 . 5 R e a s s e s s a n d a d j u s t
3 . 3 S e a r c h a n d l o c a t e
3 . 4 G a i n a c c e s s t o p a t i e n t
3 . 5 S t a b i l i s e t h e p a t i e n t
3 . 6 E x t r i c a t e t h e p a t i e n t
3 . 1 S a f e t y a n d s e c u r i t y
4 . D e a c t i v a t i o n
a n d
D e m o b i l i s a t i o n
5 . P o s t -
O p e r a t i o n a l
A c t i v i t i e s
3 . 2 I n i t i a l A s s e s s m e n t
S t a g e s
S t e p s
OPERATION PHASES

PHASE I - PREPARATION
(ON GOING - BEFORE DISASTER )
• Selection of Team
members
• Training of Team
members
• PPE
• Maintaining TEA in
working condition
• Make general transport
arrangement

PHASE II-ACTIVATION(REQUEST TO RESPOND)
• Request TPT
• Pack & load EQPT
• Notify Team members
• Obtain info on Disaster
(Type, loc, topo,
magnitude, No of victims
trapped, building affected,
weather, route , etc)
• Brief Team members on
current situation

STAGES OF OPERATION PHASE
• Securing the scene
• Initial assessment
– Compile info
– Command Post
– Operational objectives
– Assign tasks
– Reassess and adjust
• Search and locate
• Gain access to patient
• Stabilize the patient
• Extricate the patient

PHASE III: OPERATION
It relates to Search & Rescue
work, and is divided into 6
stage.
STAGE 1 : SECURING THE SCENE
A procedure is carried out
to ensure safety and
protection to the fullest
extent possible for the
rescuers, bystanders and
victims

PHASE III: OPERATION
STAGE 2 : INITIAL
ASSESSMENT –
Purpose is to ensure safety &
protection to the fullest
extent possible for the
rescuers, bystanders and
victims.
It begins with operation and
continues until the rescue
ops is completed.
• It consists of 5 steps.

STEP 3.2.1.COMPILE INFO
Once at the scene, consult
local authorities, gather
data and conduct a need
analysis.
Confirm all the update and
the info obtained at
activation phase.

STEP 3.2.2. ESTABLISH COMMAND POST

STEP 3.2.3. ESTABLISH
OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE
such as
– General access to site
– Strategic planning and
priorities
– Allocating resources &
personal managing ops

STEP 3.2.4. ASSIGN TASKS TO RESCUE
SQUADS

STEP 3.2.5.
REASSESS THE SITUATION AND
MAKE NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT

STAGE-3 -SEARCH AND LOCATE

STAGE-4 GAIN ACCESS TO VICTIM
Remove rubble, break and breach materials and create a
passageway to access the void space where a live victim is believed
to be located.

STAGE-5 STABILIZE THE VICTIM
Perform basic life support on-site before extricating the patient
in order to improve later chances of survival.
You will hand off the patient to more advanced medical care
after extrication.

STAGE-6 -EXTRICATE THE VICTIM
Remove rubble surrounding the patient, ensuring no further injury.
Shore loads as needed.
Ensure no additional pressure is applied to any trapped portions of
the body.

PHASE-4
DEACTIVATION & DEMOBILIZATION
• Confirm no further ops is
needed
• Account for all TEA
• Account for personnel
items
• Arrange for transportation

PHASE-5
POST OPERATION ACTIVITY
• Critical Incident Stress Management
(CISM)
• Medical Physical exam for rescuer
• Equipment rehabilitation
• Operational debriefing with rescue
team
• After action report for institutional
management.

INCIDENT RESPONSE SYSTEM
• IRS/ICS provides a clear management framework
for all type small & large incidents
• It is built around five major activities;
COMMAND, OPERATIONS, LOGISTICS,
PLANNING & FINANCE
• The most commonly used elements are the Incident
Commander and Operations Section.

HISTORY OF ICS
• 1970 in US California’s catastrophic
wildfire.
• Response problems often related to Comn
& Mgt deficiencies rather than lack of
resource or failure of tactics.

INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
A systematic tool used for the command, control and
coordination of emergency response.
A set of personnel, policies, procedures, facilities, and
equipment, integrated into a common organizational
structure designed to improve emergency response
operations of all types and complexities.
A flexible, scalable response organization providing a
common framework within which people can work
together effectively

• A flexible system for managing people and
resources.
• A management system to be used for
incidents of various kinds and sizes such as
earthquakes, floods, landslides etc.
• It can be both for routine emergencies such
as road accidents and for large multi
jurisdictional disasters like the recent
tsunami.

Key Concepts
• Unity of Command
• Common terminology
• Management by Objective
• Flexible & Modular Organisation
• Span of Control

Incident Response System Organisation Chart
INCIDENT COMMANDER Deputy
Information & Medial Officer
Safety Officer
Liaison Officer
OPERATIONS SECTION PLANNING SECTION LOGISTICS SECTION
Staging Area
Response Branch
Division
(Geographical)
Group (Functional)
Single Resource
Task Force /
Strike Team)
Transportation
Branch
Road
Rail
Water
Air
Resource Unit
Situation Unit
Documentation
Unit
Demobilization
Unit
Service Branch Support Branch Finance Branch
Communication
Unit
Medical
Unit
Food
Unit
Resource
Provisioning
Unit
Facilities
Unit
Ground Support
Unit
Time Unit
Compensation
/ ClaimUnit
Procurement
Unit
Cost
Unit
IRS-Module B-PPT-4

RESPONSIBLE OFFICER = PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR
EFFECTIVE RESPONSE
COMMAND = OVERALL INCHARGE OF THE INCIDENT
RESPONSE TEAM AND ITS EFFECTIVE
FUNCTIONING
OPERATIONS = DIRECT AND SUPERVISE ALL TACTICAL
ACTIONS
PLANNING = COLLECT/ANALYZE DATA, WORKOUT NEED
OF REQUIRED RESOURCES AND PREPARE
ACTION PLAN
LOGISTICS & FINANCE = PROVIDE LOGISTICS SUPPORT,
ROCUREMENT AND COST ACCOUNTING
FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

INCASE OF SHORTAGE OF OFFICERS
MULTI TASKING CAN BE DONE IN IRS
PLANNINGSECTION
RESOURCE &
SITUATION UNIT
R.K. Verma
RESOURCE
UNIT
R.K. Verma
SITUATION
UNIT
R.K. Verma
A-09-EPA-09-EP
1. DO NOT COMBINE
ORGANIZATIONAL
UNITS.
2. ONE PERSON MAY
SUPERVISE MORE THAN
ONE UNIT)
MULTI TASKING

Forms and formats
1. Incident Briefing forms
2. Communication Plan
3. Incident Action Plan
4. Medical Plan
5. Check-in Form
6. Organization Assignment List
7. Incident Check-in & Deployment List
ACCOUNTABILITY

TASK FORCESTASK FORCES
COMBINATION OF
SINGLE RESOURCES
STRIKE TEAMSTRIKE TEAM
COMBINATION OF SAME
SINGLE RESOURCESSINGLE RESOURCES
INCLUDES PERSONNEL
AND EQUIPMENT
KIND AND TYPE
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
(STRUCTURED SYSTEM)
Operational Level Commands
of Armed Forces
CDI
CDI
CDI

INCIDENT RESPONSE SYSTEM
I n c i d e n t
C o m m a n d e r
O p e r a t i o n s
S e c t i o n
P l a n n i n g
S e c t i o n
L o g i s t i c s
S e c t i o n
F i n a n c e /
A d m i n i s t r a t i o n
S e c t i o n
I n f o r m a t i o n O f f i c e r
S a f e t y O f f i c e r
L i a i s o n O f f i c e r
S q u a d L e a d e r
R e s c u e
S p e c i a l i s t
R e s c u e
S p e c i a l i s t
R e s c u e
S p e c i a l i s t
R e s c u e
S p e c i a l i s t
R e s c u e
S p e c i a l i s t

SCOPE OF OPERATION
 In a large scale
emergency such as an
earthquake, the area of
impact will usually be over
a wide area, possibly
covering many cities.
 As a result, the incident
will be managed by
different groups at various
levels, depending on their
type of responsibility.

SCOPE OF OPERATION
Affected Region
City or Area
Scene
Work site

SCOPE OF OPERATION
• AFFECTED REGION : It refers to the overall area of
impact, such as country or cities affected
• CITY OR AREA : It refers to a smaller section of the
affected region, such as city or area with many collapsed
buildings
• SCENE : It refers to a particular building or collapsed
structure
• SPECIFIC WORK SITE : Specific area within the
building or collapsed structure where a rescue squad is
assigned to work.
• THE WORK SITE IS THE SCOPE FOR A CSSR SQUAD

1. THE ---------IS THE SCOPE FOR A CSSR SQUAD
A. WORK SITE
B. SCENE
C. CITY OR AREA
D. AFFECTED REGION

2.WRITE DOWN RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE
FOLLOWING
• RESPONSIBLE OFFICER = PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR EFFECTIVE RESPONSE
• COMMAND = OVERALL INCHARGE OF THE INCIDENT RESPONSE TEAM AND ITS
EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING
• OPERATIONS = DIRECT AND SUPERVISE ALL TACTICAL ACTIONS
• PLANNING = COLLECT/ANALYZE DATA, WORKOUT NEED OF
REQUIRED RESOURCES AND PREPARE ACTION PLAN
• LOGISTICS & FINANCE = PROVIDE LOGISTICS SUPPORT, PROCUREMENT AND
COST ACCOUNTING

3. A CSSR squad have..............members.
a) 5
b) 4
c)6
d) 8

4.CSSR operation have how many phases?
a.2
b.8
c.5
d.1

5. You are removing rubble from a collapsed
structure. If you have any questions about
what you should or should not remove,
who should you consult?
• a. safety officer
• b. structural engineer
• c. incident commander
• d. disaster engineer

6.What information will be obtained while
initial contact with a located victim?

ORGANISING AND STARTING A CSSR OPERATION

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