The document outlines emergency preparedness and response training organized for Orient Global Manufacturing Ltd, emphasizing the importance of planning, identifying potential emergencies, and effective response strategies. It includes steps for creating an emergency response plan, detailing risk assessment, assigning roles, and establishing communication protocols to ensure employee safety. Key topics addressed also encompass managing natural disasters, outbreaks, and the essential role of mitigation and recovery in reducing the impact of emergencies.

1. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
AND RESPONSE (FIRST AID,
CPR AND FIRE SAFETY)
TRAINING
ORGANIZED FOR
ORIENT GLOBAL MANUFACTURING LTD.

2. EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS AND
RESPONSE
AGAINST OUTBREAK

3. DISCUSS

4. LEARNING OUTCOMES
AT THE END OF THIS LESSON YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:
• PINPOINT WHY EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
IS IMPORTANT
• NAME 3 WAYS TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL EMERGENCIES
• MAP A SEQUENCE OF STEPS FOR AN EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS PROCEDURE.

5. • STATE CRITERIA FOR DIFFERENT LEVELS OF EMERGENCIES
• OUTLINE THE CONTENTS OF AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PLAN.
• LIST THE BENEFITS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE DRILLS.
• DESCRIBE THE STEPS IN AN INCIDENT INVESTIGATION

6. • THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
DEFINES AN EMERGENCY AS THE STATE
IN WHICH NORMAL PROCEDURES ARE
INTERRUPTED, AND IMMEDIATE
MEASURES (MANAGEMENT) NEED TO BE
TAKEN TO PREVENT IT FROM
BECOMING A DISASTER, WHICH IS EVEN
HARDER TO RECOVER FROM.

7. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT IS THE ORGANIZATION AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE RESOURCES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR
DEALING WITH ALL HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS OF EMERGENCIES
(PREVENTION, PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSE, MITIGATION, AND
RECOVERY). THE AIM IS TO PREVENT AND REDUCE THE
HARMFUL EFFECTS OF ALL HAZARDS, INCLUDING DISASTERS.

8. PURPOSES OF EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
• MINIMIZE THE RISKS OF EMERGENCIES OCCURRING
• IDENTIFY POTENTIAL EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
• DEVELOP, IMPLEMENT, AND TEST PLANS TO RESPOND
PROMPTLY AND EFFECTIVELY TO EMERGENCIES
• MINIMIZE THE IMPACT OF EMERGENCIES ON THE
ENVIRONMENT

9. ISO 14001 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SAYS:
• THE ORGANIZATION SHALL ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN
PROCEDURES TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL FOR AND RESPOND TO
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS, AND FOR
PREVENTING AND MITIGATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
THAT MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH THEM

10. WAYS TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL
EMERGENCIES
• REVIEW INCIDENT REPORTS FOR PAST FIVE YEARS
• CHECK STATISTICS ON INCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES AT
OTHER SIMILAR OPERATIONS
• REVIEW ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS LIST FOR POTENTIAL
EMERGENCIES UNDER ABNORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS
• GATHER A GROUP OF PERSONNEL REPRESENTING EACH
FUNCTION IN THE ORGANIZATION TO BRAINSTORM POSSIBLE
INCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES

11. POTENTIAL EMERGENCIES
• FIRE, EXPLOSION
• GAS LEAK, SPILL
• NATURAL DISASTERS - FLOOD, EXTREME WEATHER
• TANK, EQUIPMENT STRUCTURAL FAILURE
• ELECTRIC POWER OR GAS CUT
• CRASH, COLLISION
• SABOTAGE, VANDALISM, TERRORIST ATTACK, RIOT, BOMB
THREAT, HOSTAGE INCIDENT

12. POTENTIAL HOT SPOTS
• HAZARDOUS WASTE STORAGE
• BULK OIL AND FUEL TANKS
• PROCESS START-UP AND SHUT-DOWN
• HIGH PRESSURE VESSELS
• WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES

13. DISCUSSIONS/BRAINSTORMING

14. MITIGATION (PREVENTION)
MITIGATION IS TAKING ACTION NOW—BEFORE THE NEXT
DISASTER—TO REDUCE HUMAN AND FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES
LATER. IT INVOLVES ANALYZING RISK, REDUCING RISK, AND
INSURING AGAINST RISK. EFFECTIVE MITIGATION REQUIRES
THAT WE ALL UNDERSTAND LOCAL RISKS, ADDRESS THE HARD
CHOICES, AND INVEST IN LONG-TERM ORGANIZATION WELL-
BEING. MITIGATION IS ACHIEVED THROUGH REGULATIONS FROM
FEDERAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LAND USE AND BUILDING
PRACTICES.

15. PREPAREDNESS
PREPAREDNESS IS A CONTINUOUS CYCLE OF PLANNING,
MANAGING, ORGANIZING, TRAINING, EQUIPPING, EXERCISING,
CREATING, MONITORING, EVALUATING AND IMPROVING
ACTIVITIES TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE COORDINATION AND THE
ENHANCEMENT OF CAPABILITIES OF CONCERNED
ORGANIZATIONS TO PREVENT, PROTECT AGAINST, RESPOND TO,
RECOVER FROM, CREATE RESOURCES AND MITIGATE THE EFFECTS
OF NATURAL DISASTERS, ACTS OF TERRORISM, AND OTHER MAN-
MADE DISASTERS

16. RESPONSE
• RESPONSE INCLUDES THE MOBILIZATION OF THE NECESSARY
EMERGENCY SERVICES AND FIRST RESPONDERS. THIS IS DRIVEN
BY THE TYPE AND KIND OF EMERGENCY AND IS LIKELY TO
INCLUDE A FIRST WAVE OF CORE EMERGENCY SERVICES, SUCH AS
FIREFIGHTERS, POLICE AND AMBULANCE CREWS. THEY MAY BE
SUPPORTED BY A NUMBER OF SECONDARY EMERGENCY SERVICES.
A WELL REHEARSED EMERGENCY PLAN MAKES RESCUE AND
RESPONSE MORE EFFICIENT.

17. • RESPONSE ACTIONS TAKE PLACE IMMEDIATELY BEFORE,
DURING, AND AFTER AN EVENT OCCURS. THE MAIN GOAL IS
TO SAVE LIVES, AND REDUCE ECONOMIC HARDSHIPS.
RESPONSE ACTIVITIES WILL FOCUS ON THE SHORT-TERM,
DIRECT EFFECTS THAT AN INCIDENT HAS ON THE ORIZATION.
FIRST RESPONDERS MAY BE ASSISTED BY ORGANIZATION
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAMS (OERT). THESE TEAMS ARE
GIVEN TRAINING IN BASIC DISASTER RESPONSE SKILLS IN BOTH
CLASSROOM AND REAL-WORLD SETTINGS SO THAT THEY MAY
ASSIST AS NEEDED.

18. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PREPARE FOR AN
EMERGENCY?
• (A) BEFORE IT OCCURS
• (B) AFTER IT OCCURS
• (C) WELL BEFORE IT OCCURS
• (D) B AND C

19. RECOVERY
THE AIM OF RECOVERY IS TO RESTORE THE AFFECTED AREA TO
ITS PREVIOUS STATE. RECOVERY EFFORTS DEAL WITH ISSUES AND
DECISIONS THAT MUST BE MADE AFTER IMMEDIATE NEEDS ARE
MET. IT IS PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH ACTIONS THAT INVOLVE
REBUILDING DESTROYED PROPERTY, RE-EMPLOYMENT, AND THE
REPAIR OF ESSENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE. EFFORTS SHOULD BE
MADE TO “BUILD BACK BETTER,” WITH A GOAL TO REDUCE RISKS
INHERENT IN THE COMPANY AND INFRASTRUCTURE.

20. • RECOVERY CAN START ALONG SIDE THE RESPONSE EFFORT, OR
BEGIN LATER. THE RECOVERY PROCESS CAN BE SHORT-TERM
OR LONG-TERM DEPENDING ON THE INCIDENT, BUT THE MAIN
GOAL IS TO RETURN THE COMMUNITY TO NORMAL.

22. AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN IS A DOCUMENTED SERIES OF
STEPS AN ORGANIZATION WILL TAKE DURING A CRITICAL EVENT
TO ENSURE EMPLOYEES’ SAFETY AND MINIMIZE THE IMPACT ON
CRITICAL OPERATIONS.

23. TAKING A PROACTIVE APPROACH TO EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PLANNING HELPS YOU ENSURE THE BEST POSSIBLE
OUTCOMES FOR YOUR PEOPLE AND BUSINESS AND ALLOWS
YOU TO THINK HOLISTICALLY ABOUT THE SITUATION AND
ACCOUNT FOR A MULTITUDE OF VARIABLES.

24. • EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS ARE MEANT TO HELP
ORGANIZATIONS ADDRESS VARIOUS EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
THAT COULD AFFECT THEIR ORGANIZATION,CHEMICAL SPILLS,
DISEASE OUTBREAKS, AND OTHER HAZARDS.
• THE GOAL IS TO REDUCE OR PREVENT HUMAN INJURY AND
PROPERTY DAMAGE DURING ANY CRITICAL EVENT BY
DOCUMENTING THE STEPS THAT SHOULD BE TAKEN TO
ENSURE A TIMELY RESPONSE TAILORED TO EACH SCENARIO.

25. • IT ALSO SPECIFIES WHICH STAFF MEMBERS SHOULD BE PART
OF THE RESPONSE TEAM AND WHICH FIRST RESPONDERS
SHOULD BE CONTACTED. IDEALLY, THE OUTCOME OF
EMERGENCY PLANNING IS TO PROTECT A COMPANY’S
FINANCES, OPERATIONS, AND EMPLOYEES FROM HARM.

26. • THE BEST EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS INCLUDE WHO TO
CONTACT (AND THEIR CONTACT INFORMATION),
EVACUATION ROUTES, HOW TO ACT DURING AN
EMERGENCY, HOW TO MITIGATE RISK TO YOUR PEOPLE
AND FACILITIES, AND DETAILED COMMUNICATION
PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW DURING AND AFTER A SPECIFIC
EMERGENCY OCCURS. IT’S IMPORTANT TO CREATE A PLAN
THAT ACCOUNTS FOR BUILDING EVACUATIONS IN CASE OF
EVENTS LIKE FIRES,

27. HOW TO CREATE AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PLAN
LET US TAKE A LOOK AT SIX CRITICAL STEPS EVERY
ORGANIZATION SHOULD FOLLOW TO CREATE AN EFFECTIVE
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN.
EACH ORGANIZATION IS UNIQUE, SO YOU MAY FIND THAT
ADDITIONAL MEASURES ARE WARRANTED FOR YOUR
SPECIFIC BUSINESS.

28. STEP #1: PERFORM A RISK ASSESSMENT
THE FIRST STEP TO CREATING AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PLAN IS TO CONDUCT A COMPREHENSIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
TO IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF EVENTS THAT MAY AFFECT YOUR
ORGANIZATION.

29. • LEADERS SHOULD INFORM EMPLOYEES OF POTENTIAL
EMERGENCIES THAT MAY OCCUR NEAR WHERE EMPLOYEES
LIVE OR WORK OR OTHER EVENTS THAT RISK
INTERRUPTING OR HALTING BUSINESS OPERATIONS—AS
WELL AS ANY ACTIONS EMPLOYEES SHOULD TAKE.

30. SPECIFIC EVENT CATEGORIES FOR WHICH YOU MAY NEED TO
PLAN INCLUDE:
• PANDEMICS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES (COVID-19,
LASSA FEVER, CHOLERA, EBOLA ETC.)
• FACILITY EMERGENCIES (STRUCTURE FIRES, HAZARDOUS
LEAKS OR SPILLS, ETC.)
• CIVIL DISTURBANCES (PROTESTS, DEMONSTRATIONS,
RIOTS, STRIKES, ETC.)

31. STEP #2: DOCUMENT CONTACT
INFORMATION
• IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY THAT COULD CAUSE
PHYSICAL HARM TO YOUR EMPLOYEES, THE FIRST CALL
YOU SHOULD MAKE IS TO YOUR LOCAL EMERGENCY
RESPONDERS. YOU SHOULD HAVE THE NUMBERS FOR
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES, THE FIRE DEPARTMENT,
AND POLICE DEPARTMENT READILY AVAILABLE.

32. STEP #3: ASSIGN ROLES AND
RESPONSIBILITIES
• WHEN AN EMERGENCY OCCURS, EMPLOYEES WILL LOOK TO
THEIR LEADERS FOR REASSURANCE AND GUIDANCE. THESE
SAME LEADERS SHOULD BE IN CHARGE OF ACTIVATING
YOUR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN, ANSWERING
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS, AND ORDERING AN EVACUATION
IF NEEDED.

33. • WHILE ASSIGNING ROLES, THERE ARE MANY IMPORTANT
CONSIDERATIONS TO ACKNOWLEDGE. YOU WANT TO MAKE
SURE YOUR RESPONSE TEAM IS RELIABLE, PRESENT, AND
ABLE TO REACT QUICKLY IN THE FACE OF AN EMERGENCY.

34. STEP #4: TAKE STOCK OF CURRENT
RESOURCES WITHIN YOUR
ORGANIZATION
• REGULARLY INSPECT DUSTY OFFICE, FIRE EXTINGUISHERS,
ALARM SYSTEMS, OR FIRST AID KITS.
• THESE ARE CRITICAL COMPONENTS TO ANY EMERGENCY
RESPONSE PLAN AND SHOULD BE EXAMINED REGULARLY.

35. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• THE NIGERIAN FIRE SERVICE RECOMMENDS REFILLING
REUSABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS EVERY 10 YEARS AND
REPLACING DISPOSABLE ONES EVERY 12 YEARS.
• ALSO, MAKE SURE YOU PERIODICALLY REMIND YOUR
EMPLOYEES ABOUT WHERE THE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ARE
LOCATED IN THE WORKPLACE.

36. • ALARM SYSTEMS
• AT THE VERY LEAST, FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS SHOULD BE
INSPECTED ANNUALLY. OSHA RECOMMENDS THAT NON-
SUPERVISED EMPLOYEE ALARM SYSTEMS ARE TESTED EVERY
TWO MONTHS.

37. • FIRST AID KIT
• OSHA REQUIRES THAT “EMPLOYERS PROVIDE MEDICAL AND
FIRST AID SUPPLIES COMMENSURATE WITH THE HAZARDS OF
THE WORKPLACE.” SINCE MANY ITEMS IN A FIRST AID KIT HAVE
EXPIRATION DATEE, OR CAN BECOME DAMAGED BY FREQUENT
USE, MOISTURE, AND EXPOSURE TO THE AIR, IT IS IMPORTANT
TO REGULARLY REVIEW YOUR FIRST AID KIT AND REPLACE ANY
MEDICAL SUPPLIES AS NEEDED.

38. STEP #5: CREATE AN
EVACUATION PLAN
• IN MANY CASES, EVACUATING THE BUILDING OR PREMISES
IS REQUIRED DURING AN EMERGENCY. A GOOD
EVACUATION PLAN FOR YOUR BUSINESS WILL INCLUDE
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ESCAPE ROUTES. CLEAR SIGNS
SHOULD MARK ALL THE EXIT ROUTES AND FIRE ESCAPES.
THESE EXIT ROUTES SHOULD BE KEPT CLEAR OF FURNITURE
OR OTHER OBJECTS THAT COULD IMPEDE A DIRECT MEANS
OF EGRESS FOR YOUR EMPLOYEES.

39. • DESIGNATE AN ASSEMBLY POINT FOR EMPLOYEES TO GATHER.
YOUR RESPONSE TEAM SHOULD BE AT THE ASSEMBLY POINT,
COLLECTING A HEADCOUNT AND PROVIDING UPDATES.
ENSURE THE ESCAPE ROUTES AND THE ASSEMBLY AREA CAN
ACCOMMODATE THE EXPECTED NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO
WILL BE EVACUATING.

40. STEP #6: DECIDE HOW COMMUNICATION
WILL OCCUR BETWEEN EMPLOYEES AND
THE BUSINESS.
• WHEN DEVELOPING YOUR PLAN, IT IS ESSENTIAL TO CONSIDER
HOW TO NOTIFY EMPLOYEES OF A CRITICAL EVENT, HOW THE
INFORMATION WILL BE DELIVERED AND RECEIVED, AND HOW
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS WILL BE AT REACHING
EVERY EMPLOYEE IN HARM’S WAY.

41. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND
RESPONSE AGAINST OUTBREAKS
(EPIDEMIC AND PANDEMIC)
• 1 ASSES AND PLAN
• BE AWARE THAT EPIDEMIC AND PANDEMIC THREATS AND
TRANSMISSION CAN OCCUR THROUGH AIR, WATER, FOOD,
VECTORS (ORGANISMS, SUCH AS MOSQUITOES OR TICKS)
AND/OR THE EXCHANGE OF BODILY FLUIDS. STAY INFORMED
ON THESE THREATS THROUGH YOUR LOCAL AND NATIONAL
HEALTH AUTHORITIES.

42. • PROTECT WATER SOURCES, FOLLOW GOOD HYGIENE AND
SANITATION, AND VACCINATE CHILDREN TO KEEP THEM
SAFE. NOTIFY THE AUTHORITIES IMMEDIATELY IF YOU
NOTICE ANY UNUSUAL INCIDENCES OF SICKNESS IN PEOPLE
OR ANIMALS.

43. • 2. REDUCE RISK
• SAFE DRINKING WATER IS THE MOST IMPORTANT PREVENTION
MEASURE FOR MANY DISEASES—KEEP WATER CLEAN WITH SAFE
WATER STORAGE AND PURIFICATION PRACTICES. PRACTISE
GOOD PERSONAL HYGIENE AND SANITATION—INCLUDING
LEARNING HOW TO WASH YOUR HANDS PROPERLY WITH SOAP
AND CLEAN WATER.

44. • KEEP FOOD CLEAN AND DISPOSE OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL
WASTE SAFELY. FOLLOW SOCIAL DISTANCING GUIDELINES
AND OTHER ADVICE FROM HEALTH AUTHORITIES IN YOUR
COUNTRY.

45. 3. PREPARE AND RESPOND
USE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE), SUCH AS
FACEMASKS, WHEN CARING FOR SICK PEOPLE AND WHEN
ADVISED TO BY HEALTH AUTHORITIES. CLEAN AND DISINFECT
SURFACES IN YOUR HOME. PREPARE EMERGENCY SUPPLIES—
SUCH AS FOOD, ESSENTIAL MEDICINES AND HYGIENE ITEMS—IF
THERE IS A CHANCE YOU WILL NEED TO ISOLATE IN YOUR HOME
FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD.

46. • LEARN HOW TO RECOGNIZE SYMPTOMS AND SEEK MEDICAL
ATTENTION FOR ANYONE WHO CANNOT BE TREATED AT
HOME.

47. GENERAL DO’S AND DONTS
Practise good sanitation and dispose of
waste safely
Follow health advice from local
and national authorities

48. Wear personal protective
equipment if advised by health
authorities
Follow isolation and social
distancing advice

49. Report any unusual incidences of
sickness in people or animals
Get relevant vaccines and
vaccinate children

50. Use clean and safe water
sources and store water safely
Practise good personal hygiene,
such as proper handwashing

51. Avoid contaminated food and
don't keep raw meat with fresh
produce
Use clean and proper toilets
where available

52. • ADVICE ON HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF DURING AN
EPIDEMIC OR PANDEMIC CAN DIFFER DEPENDING ON HOW A
DISEASE IS TRANSMITTED (SPREAD):
• AIRBORNE DISEASES: TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE AIR VIA
SMALL DROPLETS THAT A PERSON BREATHES IN OR THAT
LAND ON OTHER PEOPLE OR SURFACES

53. • ZOONOTIC DISEASES:
DISEASES THAT SPREAD
FROM ANIMALS TO HUMANS
• VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES:
DISEASES SPREAD BY LIVING
ORGANISMS (SUCH AS
MOSQUITOES AND TICKS),
OFTEN BY BITES

54. • FOOD-BORNE DISEASES:
CAUSED BY EATING FOOD
CONTAMINATED WITH
BACTERIA, VIRUSES,
PARASITES OR CHEMICAL
SUBSTANCES
• BLOOD OR BODY FLUID
BORNE DISEASES: SPREAD
THROUGH CONTAMINATED
BLOOD OR BODILY FLUIDS

55. CONCLUSION (CLASS DISCUSSION)
• WHAT ARE THE LIKELY
EMERGENCIES WE CAN HAVE
IN THIS PLANT?
• HOW SHOULD WE RESPOND
TO EMERGENCIES?