This document discusses organic solar cells as a more efficient and flexible alternative to traditional silicon solar cells. Organic solar cells are constructed using a hybrid of cadmium selenide nano-rods dispersed in an organic polymer layer sandwiched between electrodes. The nano-rods absorb sunlight and produce electron-hole pairs, which are conducted through the polymer layer to the electrodes to generate electricity. Organic solar cells have advantages over traditional cells in that they are more efficient, compact, lightweight, flexible, inexpensive to produce, and can harness invisible light. However, they currently have shorter lifespans and require more maintenance than conventional cells.

1. A Seminar Project
 SUBMITTED BY
KRISHNENDU DATTA.

2. Low maintenance & long lasting source of energy.
Pollution-free and noise-less generation of power.
Can provide cost-effective power supply to the remote areas
than convenient electrical grid system.
In 2016 reports cumulative photovoltaic capacity increased
303gigawatts and capable to supply1.8% of world electricity
consumption.
It shows a bright energizes future of world.

3. Introduction
The plastic solar-cells uses nanotechnology and be the first
type of solar-cell able to harness the sun’s invisible rays.
Plastic solar-cells have ability to become 5 times more efficient
then current solar-cells.
The working of that type of solar-cells follows the conventional
method with a variation of altering the inorganic semiconductor
with organic product.
Due to organic material these type solar-cells are smaller in
size & also enough flexible to use it in different applications.

4. CONSTRUCTION OF ORGANIC SOLAR CELL
• The solar cells actually created by hybrid, comprised of tinny nano-rods
dispersed in organic polymer.
• Nano-rods are made of Cadmium-selenide.
• This layer is about 200 nanometer thick, and sandwiched between
electrodes.
• The electrodes are connected with aluminum.
• Nano-rods are acts like wires in the substrate, absorbing sun-light and
produce electron- hole(vacancy in crystal) alike electrons.

5. • That electron-holes are traveled the length of the rod until they collected
at the aluminum.
• These electron-holes are transferred to the organic polymer, known as
hole-carrier and conveyed to the electrodes creating current.

7. COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO TYPES
Normal PV Cell
• Made by inorganic semi conductive
material(SILICON).
• Expensive due to costly manufacturing
process & materials.
• Doesn't work in cloudy weather.
Organic Solar Cell
• Made by organic conductive polymer
& nano-technology.
• Relatively less cost due to less uses of
materials.
• Works in cloudy weather also.

8. Normal PV Cell
• It is the 1st gen. of PV cells
cannot harness the solar invisible
rays.
• Rigid structure, with large
space requires to installation &
lower efficiency.
Organic Solar Cell
• It is the 2nd gen. of PV cells can
harness the invisible solar lights.
• Compact & flexible, with low
space consumption & efficient.

9. ADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS
 This type of cells are more efficient (10%-20%) than traditional solar
cells.
 Organic solar cells are compact & light-weight.
 The main advantage of that cell is its flexibility.
 Use of nano-rods & polymer makes it more cheaper & more
producible.
 Use of organic material makes it eco-friendly & disposable.
 Its characteristics and applications makes it a effective electric
energy source for near future.

10. applications
 These are used in disposable solar panels.
 In electronics devices(cell-phones, calculators,
etc) and chargeable electronics.
 New generation auto-mobiles uses this cells to
their eco-friendly energy source.
 BIV(building integrated photovoltaic) this can
supply the whole building electricity from organic PV
cells.
 Thorso Firetrees a permanent light installations for
streets.
 It can be use as wearable OPV (design by Venetia
santos).
 OPV uses as camouflaging self-generating
bunkers for army (US army).
 Infinite PV are used OPV cells to make PV-tubes
for high voltage electricity generation.

11. SOME DISADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC SOLAR CELL
• These cells are shorter in life-span than conventional cells when continuous expose
in sun light
• These requires more maintenance and constant monitoring on its generation of
electricity.
• The main disadvantage of this type of solar cells is present situational cost-
effectiveness, now the production of that cells are not commercialized, thus the used
material of organic-polymer is now affect its effectiveness.
It can be solved by making its industrial production, where the solar-
cells are become cheaper and effective.

12. IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS
• To improve that cells Nano-rod mix is used, where nano-
rods are packed more closer & perpendicular to the
electrodes to reduce the use of polymer & move more
electron-holes to the electrodes.
• The modification of nano-rods can able to absorb
different color to span the spectrum of sun light, which can
make a 3-layer cell able to use maximum sun light to
produce electricity.
• That can increase the efficiency of 2nd gen. PV cells
several times.

13. conclusions
 More effective when compared to conventional
solar cells.
 They can even work on cloudy days with more
effctively.
 Though at present cost is a major draw-back, it can
be solved in the near future.
This is the way to be more efficient for
electricity in the coming days.

14. Any Query About
The Topic ?