This document provides information on the order Dictyoptera, which includes cockroaches and mantids. It discusses their key characteristics such as their medium to large size, filiform antennae, biting mouthparts, and 5-segmented tarsi. It describes their egg case called an ootheca and asymmetric male genitalia. It then covers the suborders Blattaria and Mantoidea, describing features such as their habitats, number of species, and distinguishing traits. Specific families like Blattidae, Mantidae, and key examples are highlighted. The document also discusses termites in the order Isoptera and their caste system, life cycle, nests and damage they can cause.

1. Dictyoptera (Cockroaches and Mantids)
Submitted By :- Jayant Yadav, C.C.S.H.A.University, Hisar, Haryana

2. Characteristics :-
• Medium to large sized insects
• Filiform antennae
• Biting mouthparts
• Legs similar to each other or in Mantids fore legs raptorial
• Fore wings are thickened to form tegmina, and the tarsi are
5-segmented
• Eggs present in an ootheca. Female with reduced ovipositor
and male with asymmetrical genitalia which bears a pair of
styles.
• Cerci many-segmented
• Specialized stridulatory and auditory organs absent.

3. Body : Medium to large sized insects
Head : Usually hypognathous
Antennae : Filiform or setaceous
Mouth Parts: Chewing type
General Characters

4. • Thorax : Prothorax usually larger than meso and
metathorax
• Wings : Forewing leathery – tegmina ; hindwings –
membranous and folded, fanlike
• Legs : Forelegs are Raptorial in Mantids and
Cursorial in Blattidae

5. Male genitalia is
asymmetrical.
On 9th segment pair of styli.
Cerci many segmented.
Cerci>Styli

6. SUB-ORDERS
BLATTARIA
• Polyphagidae
• Blaberidae
• Blattidae
• Epilampridae
MANTODEA
• Amorphoscelidae
• Eremiaphilidae
• Hymenopodidae
• Mantidae
• Empusidae

7. BLATTARIA
• Head is not mobile in all
directions.
• Pronotum is shield like and
covers the head.
• Body is flattened and dark
coloured .
• Antennae long and
setaceous.
• Legs are cursorial type.
• Ootheca is chitinous.
• They are omnivorus.
• Common family : Blattidae :
eg. American cockroach
MANTODEA
• Head is mobile in all
directions.
• Pronotum is elongated and
do not cover the head.
• Body is elongated
sometimes cylindrical.
• Antennae long, setaceous
and may be filiform in some
species.
• Legs are raptorial type.
• Ootheca is not chitinous.
• They are carnivorous.
• Common family : Mantidae :
eg. Preying mantids

8. Blattaria
Number of Species
Common names
Distinguishing characteristics
Other features
Typical habitats
4,000
Roaches, cockroaches
- damp, warm dark areas - tropical forests
-No ovipositor
-No saltatorial hind legs
-ootheca used in oviposition

9. Family : Blattidae
• Antennae long and setaceous
• Forewings prominently tegmina
• Legs similar to one another
• Tarsi 5-segmented
• Ovipositor reduced and concealed under the 7th abdominal
sternum
• A pair of many segmented cerci.
• They are mainly household pests.
ex. American cockroach, Periplanela americana
German cockroach, Blatella germanica

10. Fig :- Ootheca of Cockroach

11. Mantodea
Number of Species
Common names
Distinguishing characteristics
Other features
Typical habitats
2.300
Mantids
- arboreal
-Predatory adaptations
-ootheca used in oviposition

12. Family : Mantidae
• Usually large insects having elongated and cylindrical body.
• Forelegs modified as raptorial with spines on inner-ventral
side of fore-femurs.
• Antennae comparatively shorter and filiform.
• Pronotum is elongated and do not cover the head.
• Nymphs are cannibalistic.
• Mimic leaves and flowers.
• Predators on crop pests.
ex. Praying mantis, Mantis religiosa.

13. Fig :- Ootheca of Praying Mantis

14. ISOPTERA
(Termites)

15. Isoptera
Number of Species
Common names
Distinguishing characteristics
Other features
Typical habitats
Hexapod Order
3,000
Termites, white ants
Iso - equal, ptera - wings
- fossorial, colonial
-Sociality
-Castes
•Pale, elongate body.
•Antennae about the same
length as the head.

17. Isoptera (termites)
Greek "iso" = equal, "ptera" = wings
• Pale, elongate body
• 2 pairs of membranous
wings of equal length only
present in reproductives and
shed after mating
• Mandibulate (chewing)
mouthparts
• Antennae about the same
length as the head
• Sometimes now classified
with Blattodea because their
DNA suggests that they are
specialized roaches

18. Head
Antennae; Moniliform
Mouth parts; Chewing type

19. Thorax & Abdomen
Wings similar
After mating shed
their wings
Tarsi 4 segmented
Short cerci

21. Caste system in Termites

22. Termite Life Cycle
Nymphs
Supplemental reproductives
Worker
Soldier
Reproductive nymph Alate
(winged reproductive}
Wingless reproductive
King
Queen
Eggs

23. How are castes determined?
King
Produce male inhibitor Produce female inhibitor
Queen
stimulates
Male nymph Female nymph
Absorbs male inhibitor
Passes female inhibitor
Absorbs female inhibitor
Passes male inhibitor
To other worker nymphs via mutual feeding
proctodeal
feeding
proctodeal
feeding

24. Termite nests

25. Termite Damage

31. Families
Termitidae
Rhinotermitidae
Kalotermitidae
Hudotermitidae

32. Termitidae
Antinnae: Moniliform
Wing have colour
Forewing have scale
Scale of forewing < pronotum
Pronotum is saddle shaped

33. Radius:
behind the costal margin
Without branching
Redial sector is reduced or absent
Cerci 1 or 2 segmented

35. Rhinotermitidae
Scales of fore wing > Pronotum
Radius vein is behind the costal margin
Radius vein is without anterior branching
Pronotum is flat
Cerci 2 segmented

37. Kalotermitidae
Ocelli absent
Radius vein have 1 or 2 anterior branches

39. Hudotermitidae
Ocelli absent
Radius vein with one or 2 anterior branches

41. THANK YOU