This document contains 85 oral questions related to hydrology and water resource engineering. The questions cover 6 units: (1) Introduction to hydrology, precipitation, stream gauging; (2) Introduction to irrigation, water requirements, canal revenue; (3) Groundwater hydrology; (4) Runoff and floods; (5) Reservoir planning; and (6) Water management, drainage. The questions assess understanding of key hydrological concepts like the hydrologic cycle, precipitation measurement, streamflow analysis, irrigation methods, groundwater flow, flood estimation, reservoir design, and water distribution systems. There are also general questions about course assignments, reference books, and site visits.

1. Prof. S.B. Gayake, Department of Civil Engineering,Sanjivani COE,Kopargaon, gayakesudhircivil@sanjivani.org.in
SRES’s
Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon 423603
Department of Civil Engineering
ORAL QUESTIONS
Subject- Hydrology and Water Resource Engineering(HWRE)
UNIT ONE- Introduction to Hydrology,Precipitation,Abstraction of
Precipitation,Stream Gauging.
1. Define hydrology and give its applications.
2. Explain in detail engineering horological cycle with its components.
3. Enlist different types of moisture falling on earth surface.
4. Types of precipitation.
5. Methods for measurement of precipitation and deciding factors for rain gauge
stations and rain gauge network.
6. Explain factors affecting site selection for rain gauge station.
7. How to calculate optimum number of rain gauge stations for a given area?
8. Explain missing rainfall data.
9. Explain different methods for calculating average annual precipitation.
10. Explain presentation of rainfall data, mass rainfall curve, hyetograph,point
rainfall,DAD curves,ID curves.
11. What are the different forms of abstractions of moisture falling on earth surface?
12. Explain factors affecting evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration,
Infiltration.
13. Explain measurement of evaporation/Infiltration and different instruments used
for measurement with units of measurement.
14. Explain Horton’s Method and infiltration indices.
15. What do you mean by stream gauging, explain site selection for gauging?
16. What are the different methods for discharge measurement,Explain any method
of gauging.
17. Explain working of current meter, sounding weights, Echo-sounder for depth
measurement.
18. Explain velocity measurement methods.
UNIT TWO- Introduction to Irrigation,Water Requirement of Crops, Assessment
of Canal Revenue.
19. Define irrigation, its functions and necessity.
20. Give advantages and disadvantages of irrigation.
21. What are the different methods of surface and sub surface irrigation.
22. Explain need of micro irrigation in recent time.
23. What are crop seasons in India? Its duration.
24. Define- Crop period,base period,Delta,Duty,Paleo irrigation,Kor watering,Crop
rotation.
25. What are the factors affecting duty?
26. Relation between duty and delta.
27. Explain different types of irrigation efficiencies?
28. What is GCA and CCA with respect to irrigation areas.
29. Explain Regime concept of soil moisture.

2. Prof. S.B. Gayake, Department of Civil Engineering,Sanjivani COE,Kopargaon, gayakesudhircivil@sanjivani.org.in
30. How to calculate irrigation canal capacity and reservoir capacity?
31. What are the different methods for assessment of canal revenue?
32. Explain the selection criterion for assessment method of revenue system.
UNIT THREE-Ground Water Hydrology.
33. Explain occurrences and distribution of ground water.
34. Explain movement of ground water and Darcy’s Law.
35. Define- Specific yield, Specific retention, Aquifer, Aquiclude, Aquifuge, Aquitard.
36. Aquifers and their types.
37. How to calculate specific capacity of well.
38. Explain tube well, open well,Cavity type tube well and slotted type of well.
39. Explain Constant head test of pumping.
40. Explain recuperation test of discharge measurement.
UNIT FOUR-Runoff,Floods.
41. Define runoff, factors affecting runoff.
42. Explain different methods of estimating runoff.
43. Draw single peaked hydrograph and show all components.(Rising limb,recession
limb,peak point,lag time,time to peak.
44. Define base flow and list the methods of base flow separation.
45. Define DRH.
46. Define UHG and its assumptions and applications.
47. What are synthetic hydrograph.
48. What are floods? Explain its causes and types.
49. Methods to estimate floods.
50. What is flood frequency study. Why it is needed.
51. Define- Recurrence interval,return period, frequency, probability of occurrence.
52. Explain Gumbel’s method for prediction of flood.
UNIT FIVE-Reservoir Planning.
53. What is a reservoir and its types.
54. What is flood mitigation,multipurpose,distribution reservoir?
55. Explain types of developments.
56. Enlist types of investigations and surveys required for planning of reservoir.
57. Explain Volume-Elevation and Area-Elevation Curves for reservoir planning.
58. What are geological and horological investigations.
59. Explain how storage capacity of reservoir is calculated using trapezoidal and
prismoidal formula.
60. What parameters are considered for suitable site selection of a reservoir.
61. Define- Useful storage, dead storage,surcharge storage, bank and valley storage.
62. Enlist different levels in reservoir storage capacity.
63. Define- Yield, safe yield, secondary yield, average yield.
64. Explain mass inflow curve and demand curve.
65. Explain how mass curve is useful to determine reservoir capacity for a specific
yield.
66. Explain reservoir sedimentation? Factors, and measurement of sediments.
67. What is trap efficiency.
68. Define flood routing.

3. Prof. S.B. Gayake, Department of Civil Engineering,Sanjivani COE,Kopargaon, gayakesudhircivil@sanjivani.org.in
69. What are the measures to control sediments entry in reservoir.
70. Explain why cost-benefit analysis is important before planning of reservoir.
UNIT SIX- Water management,Water logging and Drainage.
71. Explain why management of water is required.
72. What are the criteria for good and efficient water distribution system?
73. What are different methods of water distribution.
74. Explain Warabandi system of water distribution.
75. What is Participatory Irrigation Management(PIM).
76. What are Cooperative Water Distribution system.
77. Explain Automatic Weather Station(AWS).
78. Define water logging also state its causes and effects.
79. What are the preventive measures to control water logging.
80. Explain various land drainage methods.
81. State merits and demerits of surface drains.
General Question
82. Introduce yourself.
83. How many assignments have you completed in HWRE file.
84. Which books you have referred for HWRE.
85. Which meteorological station you visited?
86. What instruments you observed at site visit?
87. What process/systems studied at site visit.
88. Working of pan evaporimeter/infiltrometer/raingauge station.
89. Units of measurement for rainfall,rainfall intensity, infiltration, evaporation.
90. Any question related to HWRE. *
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