This document provides guidance on preparing and structuring an effective oral presentation. It discusses the importance of preparation, including determining the objective, title, outline and equipment needs. It recommends dividing the presentation into three parts: introduction, body and conclusion.
The introduction should get the audience's attention, introduce the presenter and topic, and announce the objective and outline. The body should clearly develop the main points in a logical sequence, using examples and signposting to guide the audience. The conclusion should summarize the key points and take questions. Providing structure helps the audience follow and remember the presentation.
This document provides a guide to developing effective oral presentation skills. It discusses the importance of preparation and planning, including determining the aim and main points, and considering the audience. The document outlines the key elements of a successful presentation structure, including an introduction to get the audience's attention, greet them, and introduce oneself. The body of the presentation should cover the main points, and the conclusion should summarize the main ideas and call the audience to action. Visual aids, body language, voice, and pronunciation are also addressed. Thorough preparation is emphasized as essential for a polished presentation.
The document provides guidance on making effective presentations. It discusses several key aspects:
1) Preparation is essential, including understanding your audience, organizing your topic, determining length, and choosing visual aids.
2) Effective openings are important to gain attention and interest. Techniques include posing problems, sharing facts or stories, and using humor.
3) Presentations should have a clear structure with an introduction, body, conclusion, and Q&A. The introduction establishes purpose and agenda.
4) Language should be simple, active, and easy to understand unlike written texts. Signposting helps guide the audience through the presentation.
The document provides guidance on how to give effective presentations. It discusses the importance of preparation, language, visual aids, and structure. Some key points:
- Proper preparation is essential and includes understanding your audience, organizing your topic, determining length, and choosing visual aids.
- The language of presentations should be simple, with short sentences and active verbs. Technical terms may need simplifying.
- A presentation should have a clear structure, including an introduction to gain attention and outline what will be covered, a main body, and a conclusion that summarizes key points and invites questions.
- Signposting or signaling techniques help guide the audience through the presentation and indicate what is coming next. Phrases like
This document provides guidelines for writing and delivering a persuasive speech, including how to plan and draft the speech, practice delivering it, and revise it based on feedback. The planning process involves clarifying your position on the issue, finding evidence to support your stance, considering your audience, and deciding how to structure your arguments for maximum impact. When practicing, speakers should present aloud multiple times, using recordings to evaluate their delivery. Feedback from peer reviewers should be addressed by clarifying arguments, speaking more clearly, providing additional evidence, or making the presentation more engaging.
Introduction to Business English - Day 2Luke Stapley
The document discusses cultural differences in eye contact and body language. It notes that in the US, avoiding eye contact can suggest someone is untrustworthy, while in Japanese culture children are taught to look at their teacher's tie or Adam's apple as a sign of respect. Some African and Latin American cultures consider prolonged eye contact from a lower status person disrespectful. The English are taught to blink to show understanding of a speaker. The document also discusses how a widening of eyes can have different meanings depending on culture, like seeming astonished to an American but expressing polite anger to a Chinese person. It provides tips for small talk, noting subjects to avoid like religion, sex or income depending on cultural norms.
A 4 module course for students of English or other. Full multi media links and resource community extras. Available here. http://eflclassroom.com/store/products/power-of-presentations/
This is a training slide i used in a company i worked to educate the staff on the possible ways to be a good public speaker although is not comprehensive enough however i believe that someone can find it useful that is my purpose of sharing it here.
I am open for contact if in any case the person that finds this material handy decides to have some clarification or more work on the material in respect to the task at hand.
The document discusses the four basic types of speeches: informative speeches which provide useful information to audiences, demonstrative speeches which teach audiences something, persuasive speeches which aim to convince audiences to change their thinking or behaviors, and entertaining speeches which amuse audiences and provide pleasure. The document stresses the importance of knowing the audience and purpose of the speech, being well-prepared, and connecting with the audience in order to deliver an effective speech.
This document provides a guide to developing effective oral presentation skills. It discusses the importance of preparation and planning, including determining the aim and main points, and considering the audience. The document outlines the key elements of a successful presentation structure, including an introduction to get the audience's attention, greet them, and introduce oneself. The body of the presentation should cover the main points, and the conclusion should summarize the main ideas and call the audience to action. Visual aids, body language, voice, and pronunciation are also addressed. Thorough preparation is emphasized as essential for a polished presentation.
The document provides guidance on making effective presentations. It discusses several key aspects:
1) Preparation is essential, including understanding your audience, organizing your topic, determining length, and choosing visual aids.
2) Effective openings are important to gain attention and interest. Techniques include posing problems, sharing facts or stories, and using humor.
3) Presentations should have a clear structure with an introduction, body, conclusion, and Q&A. The introduction establishes purpose and agenda.
4) Language should be simple, active, and easy to understand unlike written texts. Signposting helps guide the audience through the presentation.
The document provides guidance on how to give effective presentations. It discusses the importance of preparation, language, visual aids, and structure. Some key points:
- Proper preparation is essential and includes understanding your audience, organizing your topic, determining length, and choosing visual aids.
- The language of presentations should be simple, with short sentences and active verbs. Technical terms may need simplifying.
- A presentation should have a clear structure, including an introduction to gain attention and outline what will be covered, a main body, and a conclusion that summarizes key points and invites questions.
- Signposting or signaling techniques help guide the audience through the presentation and indicate what is coming next. Phrases like
This document provides guidelines for writing and delivering a persuasive speech, including how to plan and draft the speech, practice delivering it, and revise it based on feedback. The planning process involves clarifying your position on the issue, finding evidence to support your stance, considering your audience, and deciding how to structure your arguments for maximum impact. When practicing, speakers should present aloud multiple times, using recordings to evaluate their delivery. Feedback from peer reviewers should be addressed by clarifying arguments, speaking more clearly, providing additional evidence, or making the presentation more engaging.
Introduction to Business English - Day 2Luke Stapley
The document discusses cultural differences in eye contact and body language. It notes that in the US, avoiding eye contact can suggest someone is untrustworthy, while in Japanese culture children are taught to look at their teacher's tie or Adam's apple as a sign of respect. Some African and Latin American cultures consider prolonged eye contact from a lower status person disrespectful. The English are taught to blink to show understanding of a speaker. The document also discusses how a widening of eyes can have different meanings depending on culture, like seeming astonished to an American but expressing polite anger to a Chinese person. It provides tips for small talk, noting subjects to avoid like religion, sex or income depending on cultural norms.
A 4 module course for students of English or other. Full multi media links and resource community extras. Available here. http://eflclassroom.com/store/products/power-of-presentations/
This is a training slide i used in a company i worked to educate the staff on the possible ways to be a good public speaker although is not comprehensive enough however i believe that someone can find it useful that is my purpose of sharing it here.
I am open for contact if in any case the person that finds this material handy decides to have some clarification or more work on the material in respect to the task at hand.
The document discusses the four basic types of speeches: informative speeches which provide useful information to audiences, demonstrative speeches which teach audiences something, persuasive speeches which aim to convince audiences to change their thinking or behaviors, and entertaining speeches which amuse audiences and provide pleasure. The document stresses the importance of knowing the audience and purpose of the speech, being well-prepared, and connecting with the audience in order to deliver an effective speech.
This document provides tips for overcoming public speaking anxiety and effectively delivering a speech. It recommends acknowledging your fear, practicing frequently, and focusing on your message rather than your nerves. It also outlines how to understand your audience, choose an appropriate topic, conduct research, organize your speech, and rehearse your delivery. Key elements of vocal and physical delivery are discussed as well as types of introductions, conclusions, and methods of delivery.
Academic listening and speaking for pre-service EFL teachersShona Whyte
This document provides information on an academic listening and speaking course for pre-service teachers of English as a foreign language. The course aims to develop students' listening comprehension skills, practice their oral presentation skills, and help them identify and improve areas of difficulty in listening and speaking. Assessments include students giving presentations, devising listening exercises, providing feedback on peers, and reflecting on their own oral production through blog posts with audio/video recordings. The course utilizes online tools like Weebly, SoundCloud and Padlet to support activities and assignments.
English For Public Speaking/English For Specific PurposeElviyasa Siregar
The document provides information about developing effective public speaking skills. It discusses the importance of being able to communicate effectively in various settings like school, work and life. It then outlines learning outcomes for a public speaking course which include communicating clearly and adapting speeches for different audiences. The document also provides tips for effective public speaking including structuring points well, using good delivery, speaking at the right rate, maintaining eye contact and knowing your audience. It discusses different types of speeches like informative, persuasive and narrative and provides examples of each.
The document discusses communicating interculturally for business. It covers trends driving the importance of intercultural communication, differences between high and low context cultures, recognizing cultural differences, and overcoming ethnocentrism and stereotyping. The objectives are to discuss these topics, improve communication with non-native English speakers, and illustrate how word choice affects cross-cultural communication.
The document provides guidance on making effective presentations. It discusses the importance of preparation, including planning the content, structure, visual aids, and handling questions. When giving the presentation, speakers should use simple language, maintain eye contact with the audience, and practice to manage nerves. The introduction should attract attention and the conclusion should summarize key points. Preparation, practice, and good delivery are essential to engage audiences and communicate messages clearly.
The document provides guidance on effective business presentations. It discusses presentation types, purposes, preparation process, skills, structure, delivery techniques, and tips. The key points are: presentation types include informative, persuasive, and entertaining; effective preparation includes analyzing purpose, audience, and location; skills cover effective slides, structure, verbal/non-verbal delivery; and tips stress preparation, visual aids, question handling, and assessment.
English Public Speaking & Presentation - Week3 Making A StartAmy Hayashi
The document outlines the agenda for a public speaking class. It includes a quick review of presentation dos and don'ts, examples of good introductions, and an in-class language knowledge activity. Students are then instructed to begin brainstorming the purpose and topic for their upcoming 10-15 minute midterm speech, which must include an introduction, body with no more than 3 points, and a conclusion.
Introduction to Business English - Day 6Luke Stapley
The document provides guidance on business ethics and giving presentations. It discusses a scenario where a bank executive, Mr. Randal, acts as a potential customer to gather competitive information from rival banks. While successful, some may argue this behavior is unethical. The document then provides tips for developing objectives, organizing information, structuring a presentation, practicing, and checking audiovisual equipment and the presentation room.
The document discusses different types of oral communication speeches, including informative, demonstrative, persuasive, and entertaining speeches. It provides guidelines on the objectives, main elements, and structure for each type. For informative speeches, the objectives are to provide useful information to the audience. For demonstrative speeches, the goal is to explain and show how to complete a task. Persuasive speeches aim to convince the audience of an argument. Entertaining speeches solely intend to amuse and make the audience enjoy the presentation.
There are 4 main parts to a formal presentation:
1) The introduction which tells the audience who you are and what they will hear.
2) Developing the body which is the most important part and where you present your information or ideas.
3) Using materials and involving people to enhance the presentation.
4) Concluding the presentation by finishing but hoping the discussion will continue with questions.
Each part serves a specific function to effectively engage the audience and structure the presentation.
This document discusses business writing and provides examples of common business writing formats and best practices. It defines business writing as internal and external workplace communications that can include memos, letters, proposals, reports, presentations, marketing materials, and more. The document outlines what makes an effective business letter, including conciseness, informality, and courtesy. It describes the typical parts of a business letter like the heading, inside address, salutation, body, complimentary close, signature, and enclosure notation. Finally, it lists some common types of business letters and memorandums and emphasizes that the main goal is clear, well-planned communication.
Introduction to Business English - Day 3Luke Stapley
The article discusses the challenges of applying universal management theories across cultures. While modern management philosophies emphasize concepts like total quality management and just-in-time delivery, these approaches have failed in some contexts due to cultural differences. For example, pay-for-performance programs have not worked in Africa due to unspoken rules around rewards, and management by objectives has generally failed in Southern Europe as managers did not want to conform to predetermined guidelines. The concept of human resource management is also difficult to grasp in some cultures. Effective international managers must consider influences from their own culture, the local culture, and their organization's culture, as key concepts are experienced differently in every culture.
Elementary intelligent business (pearson) pepitagimenez7
Rich and famous people are giving more money to charity now than in the past. Bill Gates recently gave $31 billion to his foundation. Some think charities can learn from businesses about spending money effectively. Instead of just giving to hospitals and universities, as done traditionally in the USA, money could help solve problems like poverty and the environment by using donors' connections and skills. While money helps, rich people's time, social connections and business expertise may help solutions even more.
This document provides an overview of presentation skills. It discusses understanding the purpose of a presentation, effective general skills like preparation and appearance, and visual presentation skills. Specific tips covered include speaking confidently, making eye contact, using body language effectively, and properly utilizing visual aids like PowerPoint. The document also addresses getting the audience's attention through questions, facts, stories, or jokes, as well as signposting the structure and concluding effectively while handling questions.
This document provides tips for preparing and delivering an effective speech. It discusses the importance of having a strong introduction that gets the audience's attention and establishes credibility. The body of the speech should answer questions the audience likely has and prioritize key points. Effective delivery requires practicing multiple times, maintaining eye contact with the audience, and using cue cards strategically. The conclusion should signal that the speech is ending and reinforce the central idea. Humor can engage audiences if used appropriately for the context and audience. Body language also significantly impacts delivery, so speakers should communicate positively and naturally.
The document provides an overview of a business writing skills class, including the instructor's qualifications, topics that will be covered in the class, and techniques that will be taught for improving business writing skills. Some key points are: organizing ideas using a "poker chip" analogy of blue, red, and white chips to represent different levels of ideas; focusing on brevity, conciseness, and clarity; and avoiding plagiarism by properly citing others' work.
The document provides tips for giving a successful presentation. It discusses preparing for a presentation by planning the content, visual aids, and timing. It recommends getting the audience's attention at the start, providing a clear structure with an introduction, body, and conclusion, and thanking the audience at the end. Key aspects include focusing the content, using transitions, examples and visuals to reinforce the message, and practicing delivery. Following these tips will help presenters give effective presentations.
The document provides guidance on developing and delivering effective presentations. It discusses the importance of understanding the audience, developing clear content and structure, using visual aids appropriately, rehearsing, and engaging the audience through confident delivery. Tips are provided for overcoming nervousness and common mistakes to avoid. Participants will practice developing and delivering a short presentation on their own research or organization.
Basket Case to Miracle, Bangladesh 1971-2021 - slides & narratives, 2015 Sep...Robert Terry
Bangladesh has experienced tremendous growth and development since gaining independence in 1971. Statistical snapshots show that Bangladesh transformed from a "basket case" in 1971 with low food production, high population growth and poverty, to experiencing potential for becoming a middle income country by 2021. Key factors driving this transformation include improving agriculture through irrigation and high-yield crops to boost food production; reducing disease like cholera through oral rehydration solutions; empowering women through organizations like Grameen Bank and BRAC which provide microloans, education and support; and promoting public health through social marketing of family planning and healthcare products. Ready-made garments also fueled economic growth, though safety issues remain a challenge. With continued progress, Bangladesh could sustain its
My contact address
Dr Shahnaj Parveen
Professor
Department of Agricultural Extension Education
Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU)
Mymensingh-2202
Bangladesh
Mobile: ++88-01715 340215
Email: shahnaj1969@gmail.com
This document outlines a group's mission and objectives to empower women in Bangladesh through ensuring fair wages for rural women in cottage industries. The group aims to contribute to women's empowerment by maximizing wages and creating a good market for products made by rural women. Their objectives include empowering women, ensuring fair wages, and creating awareness about using social media to promote products. The document then discusses theories of women's empowerment from figures like Gandhi, Emerson and Thoreau, and their relevance to the Bangladeshi context. It proposes recognizing women's historical contributions, especially as freedom fighters in 1971.
Women empowerment of business in bangladesh power point presentationhanif124
The document is a presentation from a Bangladeshi university student about women empowerment of business in Bangladesh. It discusses the need for empowering women through access to education, employment, and their rights. It also provides data showing that microcredit non-governmental organizations have helped increase women's involvement in business activities and employment.
This document provides tips for overcoming public speaking anxiety and effectively delivering a speech. It recommends acknowledging your fear, practicing frequently, and focusing on your message rather than your nerves. It also outlines how to understand your audience, choose an appropriate topic, conduct research, organize your speech, and rehearse your delivery. Key elements of vocal and physical delivery are discussed as well as types of introductions, conclusions, and methods of delivery.
Academic listening and speaking for pre-service EFL teachersShona Whyte
This document provides information on an academic listening and speaking course for pre-service teachers of English as a foreign language. The course aims to develop students' listening comprehension skills, practice their oral presentation skills, and help them identify and improve areas of difficulty in listening and speaking. Assessments include students giving presentations, devising listening exercises, providing feedback on peers, and reflecting on their own oral production through blog posts with audio/video recordings. The course utilizes online tools like Weebly, SoundCloud and Padlet to support activities and assignments.
English For Public Speaking/English For Specific PurposeElviyasa Siregar
The document provides information about developing effective public speaking skills. It discusses the importance of being able to communicate effectively in various settings like school, work and life. It then outlines learning outcomes for a public speaking course which include communicating clearly and adapting speeches for different audiences. The document also provides tips for effective public speaking including structuring points well, using good delivery, speaking at the right rate, maintaining eye contact and knowing your audience. It discusses different types of speeches like informative, persuasive and narrative and provides examples of each.
The document discusses communicating interculturally for business. It covers trends driving the importance of intercultural communication, differences between high and low context cultures, recognizing cultural differences, and overcoming ethnocentrism and stereotyping. The objectives are to discuss these topics, improve communication with non-native English speakers, and illustrate how word choice affects cross-cultural communication.
The document provides guidance on making effective presentations. It discusses the importance of preparation, including planning the content, structure, visual aids, and handling questions. When giving the presentation, speakers should use simple language, maintain eye contact with the audience, and practice to manage nerves. The introduction should attract attention and the conclusion should summarize key points. Preparation, practice, and good delivery are essential to engage audiences and communicate messages clearly.
The document provides guidance on effective business presentations. It discusses presentation types, purposes, preparation process, skills, structure, delivery techniques, and tips. The key points are: presentation types include informative, persuasive, and entertaining; effective preparation includes analyzing purpose, audience, and location; skills cover effective slides, structure, verbal/non-verbal delivery; and tips stress preparation, visual aids, question handling, and assessment.
English Public Speaking & Presentation - Week3 Making A StartAmy Hayashi
The document outlines the agenda for a public speaking class. It includes a quick review of presentation dos and don'ts, examples of good introductions, and an in-class language knowledge activity. Students are then instructed to begin brainstorming the purpose and topic for their upcoming 10-15 minute midterm speech, which must include an introduction, body with no more than 3 points, and a conclusion.
Introduction to Business English - Day 6Luke Stapley
The document provides guidance on business ethics and giving presentations. It discusses a scenario where a bank executive, Mr. Randal, acts as a potential customer to gather competitive information from rival banks. While successful, some may argue this behavior is unethical. The document then provides tips for developing objectives, organizing information, structuring a presentation, practicing, and checking audiovisual equipment and the presentation room.
The document discusses different types of oral communication speeches, including informative, demonstrative, persuasive, and entertaining speeches. It provides guidelines on the objectives, main elements, and structure for each type. For informative speeches, the objectives are to provide useful information to the audience. For demonstrative speeches, the goal is to explain and show how to complete a task. Persuasive speeches aim to convince the audience of an argument. Entertaining speeches solely intend to amuse and make the audience enjoy the presentation.
There are 4 main parts to a formal presentation:
1) The introduction which tells the audience who you are and what they will hear.
2) Developing the body which is the most important part and where you present your information or ideas.
3) Using materials and involving people to enhance the presentation.
4) Concluding the presentation by finishing but hoping the discussion will continue with questions.
Each part serves a specific function to effectively engage the audience and structure the presentation.
This document discusses business writing and provides examples of common business writing formats and best practices. It defines business writing as internal and external workplace communications that can include memos, letters, proposals, reports, presentations, marketing materials, and more. The document outlines what makes an effective business letter, including conciseness, informality, and courtesy. It describes the typical parts of a business letter like the heading, inside address, salutation, body, complimentary close, signature, and enclosure notation. Finally, it lists some common types of business letters and memorandums and emphasizes that the main goal is clear, well-planned communication.
Introduction to Business English - Day 3Luke Stapley
The article discusses the challenges of applying universal management theories across cultures. While modern management philosophies emphasize concepts like total quality management and just-in-time delivery, these approaches have failed in some contexts due to cultural differences. For example, pay-for-performance programs have not worked in Africa due to unspoken rules around rewards, and management by objectives has generally failed in Southern Europe as managers did not want to conform to predetermined guidelines. The concept of human resource management is also difficult to grasp in some cultures. Effective international managers must consider influences from their own culture, the local culture, and their organization's culture, as key concepts are experienced differently in every culture.
Elementary intelligent business (pearson) pepitagimenez7
Rich and famous people are giving more money to charity now than in the past. Bill Gates recently gave $31 billion to his foundation. Some think charities can learn from businesses about spending money effectively. Instead of just giving to hospitals and universities, as done traditionally in the USA, money could help solve problems like poverty and the environment by using donors' connections and skills. While money helps, rich people's time, social connections and business expertise may help solutions even more.
This document provides an overview of presentation skills. It discusses understanding the purpose of a presentation, effective general skills like preparation and appearance, and visual presentation skills. Specific tips covered include speaking confidently, making eye contact, using body language effectively, and properly utilizing visual aids like PowerPoint. The document also addresses getting the audience's attention through questions, facts, stories, or jokes, as well as signposting the structure and concluding effectively while handling questions.
This document provides tips for preparing and delivering an effective speech. It discusses the importance of having a strong introduction that gets the audience's attention and establishes credibility. The body of the speech should answer questions the audience likely has and prioritize key points. Effective delivery requires practicing multiple times, maintaining eye contact with the audience, and using cue cards strategically. The conclusion should signal that the speech is ending and reinforce the central idea. Humor can engage audiences if used appropriately for the context and audience. Body language also significantly impacts delivery, so speakers should communicate positively and naturally.
The document provides an overview of a business writing skills class, including the instructor's qualifications, topics that will be covered in the class, and techniques that will be taught for improving business writing skills. Some key points are: organizing ideas using a "poker chip" analogy of blue, red, and white chips to represent different levels of ideas; focusing on brevity, conciseness, and clarity; and avoiding plagiarism by properly citing others' work.
The document provides tips for giving a successful presentation. It discusses preparing for a presentation by planning the content, visual aids, and timing. It recommends getting the audience's attention at the start, providing a clear structure with an introduction, body, and conclusion, and thanking the audience at the end. Key aspects include focusing the content, using transitions, examples and visuals to reinforce the message, and practicing delivery. Following these tips will help presenters give effective presentations.
The document provides guidance on developing and delivering effective presentations. It discusses the importance of understanding the audience, developing clear content and structure, using visual aids appropriately, rehearsing, and engaging the audience through confident delivery. Tips are provided for overcoming nervousness and common mistakes to avoid. Participants will practice developing and delivering a short presentation on their own research or organization.
Basket Case to Miracle, Bangladesh 1971-2021 - slides & narratives, 2015 Sep...Robert Terry
Bangladesh has experienced tremendous growth and development since gaining independence in 1971. Statistical snapshots show that Bangladesh transformed from a "basket case" in 1971 with low food production, high population growth and poverty, to experiencing potential for becoming a middle income country by 2021. Key factors driving this transformation include improving agriculture through irrigation and high-yield crops to boost food production; reducing disease like cholera through oral rehydration solutions; empowering women through organizations like Grameen Bank and BRAC which provide microloans, education and support; and promoting public health through social marketing of family planning and healthcare products. Ready-made garments also fueled economic growth, though safety issues remain a challenge. With continued progress, Bangladesh could sustain its
My contact address
Dr Shahnaj Parveen
Professor
Department of Agricultural Extension Education
Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU)
Mymensingh-2202
Bangladesh
Mobile: ++88-01715 340215
Email: shahnaj1969@gmail.com
This document outlines a group's mission and objectives to empower women in Bangladesh through ensuring fair wages for rural women in cottage industries. The group aims to contribute to women's empowerment by maximizing wages and creating a good market for products made by rural women. Their objectives include empowering women, ensuring fair wages, and creating awareness about using social media to promote products. The document then discusses theories of women's empowerment from figures like Gandhi, Emerson and Thoreau, and their relevance to the Bangladeshi context. It proposes recognizing women's historical contributions, especially as freedom fighters in 1971.
Women empowerment of business in bangladesh power point presentationhanif124
The document is a presentation from a Bangladeshi university student about women empowerment of business in Bangladesh. It discusses the need for empowering women through access to education, employment, and their rights. It also provides data showing that microcredit non-governmental organizations have helped increase women's involvement in business activities and employment.
This document provides an overview of public speaking and oral presentations. It discusses key components such as understanding the audience, structuring the presentation, using effective language and style, managing timing, beginning and ending strongly, answering questions, and leveraging audio/visual aids. The main points are preparing by understanding the purpose and audience, organizing the content into a clear introduction, body, and conclusion, and practicing delivery techniques like voice, body language, and visual aids.
This presentation discusses concepts of women empowerment including its meaning and how it works. Empowerment refers to increasing the spiritual, political, social, or economic strength of individuals and communities. It involves developing confidence in one's own capacities. Women empowerment is the process by which women challenge gender-based discrimination and gain control over their own lives. The values of an empowered woman include improving personal knowledge, self-defining power, personal power, authenticity, creativity, physical strength, equality, mutuality in relationships, economic independence, women identification, freedom from oppression, and having political power in society. Women empowerment programs aim to create attitudinal changes and legal reforms to promote equal citizenship and decision-making power for women
This document discusses women's empowerment in India. It outlines several factors that contribute to women's lack of empowerment, including lack of decision-making power, freedom of movement, access to education, employment, media exposure, and domestic violence. Government programs and NGOs aim to empower women through increasing access to resources, education, employment opportunities, and political participation. Overall empowerment of women is necessary for India to achieve its full potential.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India. It provides definitions of empowerment from the World Bank and others. It outlines the five components of women's empowerment and discusses women's status and empowerment across various areas in India such as education, employment, political participation, and access to resources. Challenges facing women in India are highlighted through various statistics. Government and non-government programs and policies aimed at promoting women's empowerment are also summarized.
This document provides guidance on giving successful oral presentations. It discusses preparing and planning a presentation, including determining the aim and title, knowing the audience, and identifying main points. It also covers the structure of a presentation, which typically includes an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should get the audience's attention, greet them, introduce the presenter, and give the title/subject. The body provides details on the topic and the conclusion summarizes key points and calls the audience to action. Additional sections cover visual aids, engaging the audience, body language, and voice/pronunciation.
This document provides guidance on developing effective oral presentation skills. It discusses preparing and structuring a presentation in six main parts: preparation and planning, structure of the presentation, visual aids, engaging the audience, body language, and use of voice. For the structure, it recommends an introduction to get the audience's attention and state the objectives, a body to present the main content through examples and sequencing, and a conclusion to summarize key points. Providing outlines, signposting progress, and allowing questions can help audiences follow the presentation effectively.
This document provides guidance on preparing and delivering successful oral presentations. It is divided into several sections that cover key aspects of preparing, structuring, and delivering presentations. The introduction discusses preparing by planning objectives, structure, and considering the audience. The body explains that presentations should have a clear three-part structure of introduction, main content, and conclusion. Guidance is given on signposting to guide the audience through the presentation.
This text, the result of years of experience and research, is intended to be an aid for
anyone wishing to speak in public to fellow students, colleagues or other interested groups.
This document provides guidance on developing effective oral presentation skills. It discusses preparing and planning a presentation, including considering the audience and main points. It emphasizes the importance of structuring a presentation with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should grab the audience's attention and introduce the presenter and topic. The body should cover the main points in a logical sequence. The conclusion should summarize key takeaways and call the audience to action. Additional tips address using visual aids, engaging the audience, body language, and vocal delivery. The overall aim is to equip readers with best practices for organizing and delivering presentations that inform and influence others.
This document provides guidance on preparing and delivering successful oral presentations. It is divided into several sections that cover key aspects of preparing, structuring, and delivering presentations. The introduction discusses preparing by planning objectives, structure, and considering the audience. The body explains that presentations should have a clear three-part structure of introduction, main content, and conclusion. Guidance is given on signposting to guide the audience through the presentation.
The document provides guidance on making effective presentations. It discusses several key aspects:
1) Preparation is essential, including understanding your audience, organizing your topic, determining length, and choosing visual aids.
2) Effective openings are important to gain attention and interest. Techniques include posing problems, sharing facts or stories, and using humor.
3) Presentations should have a clear structure with an introduction, body, conclusion, and Q&A. The introduction establishes purpose and agenda.
4) Language should be simple, active, and easy to understand unlike written texts. Signposting helps guide the audience through the structure.
The document provides guidance on preparing and delivering an effective oral presentation. It discusses essential preparation steps like determining the presentation aim, title, audience, and main points. The document recommends structuring the presentation in three parts - an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should grab the audience's attention, state the title and subject, and outline the main points. The body should cover the content in a logical sequence while engaging the audience. The conclusion should summarize key ideas and call the audience to action. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of planning, structure, and engaging the audience to deliver a successful presentation.
This document provides guidance on preparing and delivering an effective presentation. It discusses structuring the presentation with an introduction, main body, and conclusion. The introduction should gain attention and interest. The main body should have a clear structure and use signposting. The conclusion should summarize key points and invite questions. Effective delivery techniques include practicing, using body language, warming up the voice, and controlling nerves. Visual aids like PowerPoint should complement but not replace the speaker.
This document discusses different types of presentations and how to make an effective presentation. It identifies 5 types of presentations: informative, instructional, arousing, decision-making, and persuasive. It also outlines several steps to create an effective presentation, including understanding your audience and purpose, structuring your content, and considering factors like your voice, body language, and visual aids. Effective presentations are clear, consistent, simple and use large readable text and colors to emphasize key points.
The document provides guidance on how to give successful oral and poster presentations. It discusses common mistakes speakers make that cause audiences to lose attention. The key points are to clearly structure the presentation by dividing it into parts with intermediate conclusions, spend 30% of time on background to engage diverse audiences, and repeat the main message at the beginning and end. Successful presentations group related content together, avoid reading speeches, and use figures that are easy to understand without needing a legend. The overall goal is to make the presentation easy for audiences to follow and remember the main points.
This document provides information on presentations, including types of presentations, how to make an effective presentation, and factors that affect effective presentations. It discusses five types of presentations: informative, instructional, arousing, decision-making, and persuasive. It also outlines the steps to make an effective presentation, including preplanning, understanding the audience and purpose, structuring the presentation logically, and providing a closing. Finally, it discusses factors like voice, body language, visual aids, and consistency that can impact the effectiveness of a presentation.
This document discusses public speaking and the informative technique. It begins by defining public speaking and outlining its importance in business, education, and public life. It then discusses how anyone can become better at public speaking through practice, as it is a learnable skill. The document focuses on the informative technique, providing tips for crafting an informative speech such as establishing importance, analyzing the audience, using appropriate language, explaining relevance, expressing interest, being specific, and citing examples. The overall goal of informative speaking is to teach an audience through well-researched content presented in a clear, organized manner.
This document provides guidance on developing and delivering an effective public speaking presentation. It discusses determining the reason for speaking and knowing the audience. It recommends organizing the presentation with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Specific organization structures are outlined. Visual aids, rehearsal, delivery approach, and keeping the audience engaged are also addressed. The overall message is that preparation, understanding the audience and context, and an organized structure are keys to successful public speaking.
This guide provides instructions for delivering an effective presentation skills course, including materials for instructors to use. It outlines the target audience as supervisors and managers who give presentations, and lists the learning objectives as applying successful presentation methods, developing content, preparing effective presentations, and using visual aids. The document provides guidance on title, purpose, research, the four cornerstones method of preparation, awareness of presentation details, and including an introduction, body, and conclusion.
1. Effective presentations require thorough preparation including understanding the objective, audience, venue, time, and method.
2. An outline is a useful tool to organize a presentation, typically including an introduction, body, and conclusion. The body should group main points and supporting subpoints.
3. Presentations should engage the audience through techniques like quotations, questions, statistics, or anecdotes in the introduction and conclusion. The conclusion summarizes key ideas and leaves the audience with a final thought.
Chapter12PresentationsGoals· Understand audience and forma.docxchristinemaritza
Chapter12
Presentations
Goals
· Understand audience and formality
· Plan for audience, topic, graphic aids, location, time, and stage fright
· Determine how to organize and compose presentations
· Prepare outline, notes, and appearance
· Rehearse for a presentation
· Present with confidence
· Organize a group presentation
Terms
· adrenaline, p. 287
· anecdote, p. 288
· auditory, p. 294
· direct approach, p. 287
· external audiences, p. 281
· feedback, p. 294
· formal presentations, p. 281
· indirect approach, p. 288
· informal presentations, p. 281
· internal audiences, p. 281
· rhetorical question, p. 288
WRITE TO LEARN
Recall speakers whose performances you have enjoyed. For instance, you may have had an instructor who held your attention from the moment you entered the classroom. Perhaps you appreciated a speaker at a club meeting or special event. What made these speakers effective communicators? List the qualities and actions that helped these speakers to be effective. For instance, consider these questions: What did the speaker do to get your attention at the beginning? What did the speaker provide as visual support so you could better understand the message?
Focus on Presentations
Read the sample presentation slide on the next page and answer these questions:
· Who is the intended audience?
· What does the title contribute to the slide?
· Why is the information in the notes not covered in the slide?
· Does the slide need animation? Why or why not?
What If?
· The writer had intended to deliver the presentation only online?
· Readers were unfamiliar with America’s economic situation?
· All audience members were experts in accounting?
Sample Presentation Graphics
From The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act: Saving and Creating Jobs and Reforming Education, United States. Dept. of Education. Web. 3 Apr. 2009.
[email protected]
Elizabeth K. Tripodi is an attorney in Washington, D.C. She represents primarily shareholders of publicly traded companies in lawsuits against the company when there has been fraud.
Courtesy of Elizabeth Tripodi
For Elizabeth, a successful presentation is multifaceted: “A good presentation immediately provides an overview of where the presentation is going. It involves some sort of visual aid as well so that a listener is engaged both aurally and visually. Finally, I think anecdotes always make a presentation more interesting.”
When preparing a presentation, Elizabeth meticulously researches and outlines her material. “Research is such a key element, especially when preparing for a hearing before a judge. You need to be prepared to address any and all of the judge’s concerns. After researching, I outline my presentation. Following an outline ensures that I’m clear, concise, and that my audience can follow my reasoning.”
“After outlining, it’s practice, practice, practice,” says Elizabeth. “I like to start rehearsing in a room by myself, getting comfortable with the material and my arguments. It also helps me ...
This document provides guidance on preparing and delivering effective presentations. It outlines 8 stages of preparation, including defining objectives, limitations, content outline, and visual aids. It stresses practicing the presentation, being comfortable with the space, maintaining eye contact, speaking clearly, and moving purposefully. The overall message is that thorough preparation and practice are essential to building confidence and delivering a successful presentation with minimal nerves.
Definition: A presentation is the process of presenting a topic to an audience. It is typically a
demonstration, introduction, lecture, or speech meant to inform, persuade, inspire, motivate, or to
build good will or to present a new idea or product.
Planning Your Presentation
Preparing a presentation can be an overwhelming experience if you allow it to be one. The
strategies and steps below are provided to help you break down what you might view as a large
job into smaller, more manageable tasks.
Step 1: Analyze your audience
The first step in preparing a presentation is to learn more about the audience to whom you'll be
speaking. It's a good idea to obtain some information on the backgrounds, values, and interests of
your audience so that you understand what the audience members might expect from your
presentation.
Step 2: Select a topic
Next, if possible select a topic that is of interest to the audience and to you. It will be much easier
to deliver a presentation that the audience finds relevant, and more enjoyable to research a topic
that is of interest to you.
This document provides a teacher's guide for teaching technical writing. It begins with an introduction that defines technical writing and provides a rationale for why it is important for students to learn. The introduction discusses how technical writing differs from other types of writing like essays and journalism. It explains that technical writing focuses on communicating information about business, products, and services in documents like memos, letters, reports and instructions. The guide then provides more details on the key components of technical writing, such as development, grammar, organization and style. It includes examples and comparisons to traditional essays to illustrate the differences.
Short reports aim to inform and analyze a topic briefly. They follow the same five planning steps as all writing: identifying your purpose and audience, choosing ideas, collecting data, and organizing your message. Short reports require less detail in areas like introductions, transitions, visuals, and headings. The main sections are typically an introduction, body, and terminal section summarizing conclusions and recommendations. Outlines help organize the major sections and ensure parallel structure between headings.
This document discusses different types of sentences: simple sentences contain one subject and one predicate, compound sentences contain two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction, complex sentences contain one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, and compound-complex sentences contain both independent and dependent clauses joined by coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Examples are provided to illustrate each sentence type.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of sentences: simple, compound, and complex. It explains that simple sentences contain one subject and one predicate, while compound sentences contain two or more independent clauses joined with coordinating conjunctions like "and," "but," and "or." Complex sentences contain one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses joined by subordinating conjunctions like "because," "when," and "although." The document provides guidance on punctuation for different sentence types, including using commas with coordinating conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs.
This document discusses sentence structure and the different types of sentences. It defines what a sentence, clause, and word groups are. There are three types of sentences: simple sentences with one independent clause, compound sentences with at least two independent clauses joined with coordinating conjunctions, and complex sentences with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. The document also covers coordination and subordination as ways to combine clauses into more complex sentences.
The document provides guidance on creating effective resumes. It discusses the key components of resumes including highlighting qualifications, skills, experiences, and accomplishments. It also describes different resume formats such as chronological, functional, and combination resumes. Tips are provided on customizing resumes for specific job targets and industries.
The document provides guidance on writing effective reports. It discusses the different types of reports, including academic reports which target other academicians and are detailed, and professional reports which are meant to inform and persuade audiences with varying levels of knowledge. It also outlines the key elements that make a good report, such as having a clear structure and logic, meeting the needs of the intended readers, and being accurate, balanced and well-presented. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of objectivity, smooth transitions, and maintaining interest when writing a report.
The document provides guidance on report writing. It discusses what a report is, why reports are written, differences between reports and essays, and sections of a typical report. A report is a structured document that presents information clearly and succinctly to help make decisions or account for actions. It uses headings and subheadings to break up content. Reports are used in business, science labs, and case studies. They are meant to be practical, evaluative, and analytical rather than theoretical like essays. Reports also help develop written communication skills and can model documents written in future jobs or academic journals.
This document provides guidance on how to structure a report, including sections on length, components, structure, and formatting. It recommends reports include an introduction, body, and conclusion of specified lengths. Reports should use headings, section breaks, and visuals to present complex ideas clearly. Front matter like a title page, abstract, table of contents, and transmittal document are also recommended.
The document discusses different types of letters that may be used in a job search or employment process. It identifies 7 types of letters: application/cover letters, appreciation/thank you letters, prospecting letters, networking letters, acceptance letters, withdrawal letters, and rejection letters. It then provides examples of common purposes for business or professional letters and guidelines for an effective letter, such as identifying the purpose, organizing content, being professional, addressing the reader, being succinct and positive, catering to the reader's interests, and signing and keeping a copy.
This document provides guidance on writing effective business letters. It discusses analyzing the audience and purpose, essential letter components, formats, and types of business letters. The key points are: analyze your audience and have a clear purpose, include components like addresses, salutation, body, complimentary close, choose an appropriate format, and consider positive, neutral, or negative tone depending on the letter's purpose.
This document provides guidance on writing effective business letters. It discusses analyzing the audience, having a clear purpose, and selecting the best communication strategy. The document outlines the essential and optional components of a business letter, including the header, inside address, body, complimentary close, and other optional elements. It provides examples of different types of business letters and offers tips for a positive tone.
Muhammad Aamir Rakhshani introduces himself as belonging to Dera Ghazi Khan. He completed his matriculation from Government High School No. 1 in D.G. Khan and did his F.Sc. from the Government Post Graduate College in Dera Ghazi Khan.
General Colin Powell offers three keys to success: preparation, hard work, and learning from failure. A presentation should have an introduction, body, and conclusion. Visual aids should be used sparingly and follow design principles like using no more than 7 words per line and 7 lines per slide. Presenters should speak clearly, make eye contact, and use their voice and body language effectively to engage the audience. Preparation, practice, and addressing nerves are important for an effective presentation.
This document discusses sentence structure and grammar. It defines key terms like clauses, subjects, verbs, complements, and sentence types such as simple, compound, and complex sentences. It also covers expanding sentences with adjectives and adverbs, common errors to avoid, and how to structure interrogative sentences.
The document provides guidance on how to write an effective cover letter. It explains that a cover letter introduces yourself and your resume, highlights your qualifications and accomplishments, and conveys why you are interested in the position. It recommends including three paragraphs - an introduction stating why you are writing, a middle paragraph about your relevant qualifications, and a concluding paragraph referring the reader to your resume and restating your interest. Additional tips suggest being assertive, focusing on the value you can provide the employer, using good grammar and spelling, and proofreading the letter carefully.
This document discusses MS-DOS functions and BIOS calls. It describes the MS-DOS kernel, COMMAND.COM, and the BIOS. It explains that interrupts transfer control to interrupt service routines, and the different types of interrupts. It provides details on BIOS interrupts INT 10H and INT 21H, describing common functions like scrolling, setting the cursor position, displaying text, and getting keyboard input.
This document outlines the course content for English-II, which covers business and technical writing. The course focuses on communication skills, including the components of the communication cycle, types of verbal and non-verbal communication, levels and patterns of writing. Specific topics that will be covered by midterm include sentence structure, letter writing formats and types, creative writing techniques, analyzing and comparing/contrasting, proposal writing types, and oral presentations with visual aids.
This document discusses technical writing. It states that technical writing introduces important aspects of writing in science, technology, and business. Technical writing can be written, oral, or visual. It is composed and used in the workplace. The goals of effective technical writing are clarity, conciseness, accuracy, organization, and ethics. Technical writing serves to communicate technical information to a specific audience for a specific purpose. As a technical writer, the goal is to explain specialized topics in a way that is understandable to non-experts.
This document discusses three types of communication in business: downward, upward, and horizontal. Downward communication flows from higher to lower levels, such as instructions from a manager to employees. Upward communication flows in the opposite direction, with suggestions or feedback from employees to managers. Horizontal communication transmits messages within the same organizational level or department. Both upward and downward communication have advantages like sharing information, feedback, and maintaining relationships, while also facing potential limitations such as delays or lost information. Effective communication in all directions is important for business planning, organizing, and goal achievement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
2. Preface
This text, the result of years of experience and research, is intended to be an aid for
anyone wishing to speak in public to fellow students, colleagues or other interested groups.
This text provides the essential elements and some tips on preparing and organizing a
successful oral presentation in English or any other language. The same structure can also be
used to some extent in the context of a written text, i.e. dividing the text into three parts introduction, development and conclusion. Other useful elements for the written text include
expressions to indicate lists, narrative, links and examples. In return, we would ask you the reader
and practitioner to send any comments, corrections or questions to make about this document to
Carl.Storz@int-evry.fr.
This short paper is divided into several sections, each one being based on a particular point
which is important to think about in preparing for and giving an oral presentation. The first one
deals with preparation and planning, the most important stage. The second one deals with the
structure of the speech and necessary language. The third speaks about visuals and how to
make the best use of them. The fourth discusses how to create interest and establish and
maintain a relationship with the audience. The fifth deals with body language and finally, the sixth
contains a few comments on using the voice and correct pronunciation. Actual language used to
express the above is given in italics. Comments and questions you could ask yourself in
preparing each part are also included. At the end, you will find a bibliography of materials
available in the Resource Center of the Department of Languages and Humanities at the INT for
further work on oral presentations or listening practice.
It is also important to remember that there are perhaps several formulae for an oral
presentation, this being just one. 1 Are you explaining a procedure, trying to convince or
persuade, give information or outline possible courses of action? What you are trying to do in
your presentation should have a bearing on how you present. There are also cultural aspects to
take into consideration in that different communities will react differently to the same presentation:
English-speaking as against a French-speaking audience, a scientific forum, a literary group or an
assembly of business managers. Each one will expect and react in various ways according to the
linguistic, scientific, academic or business culture it is familiar with. Different people speak in
different ways in different languages and different conventions depending on to whom, where,
when and why they are speaking. All of these questions are, of course, vital to take into
consideration during the preparation.
Remember anyone can give a good presentation. Don’t worry if you are not naturally extrovert.
Preparation and practice can be the keys to success!
1
Most companies probably offer some kind of training in presenting. Some even have specific guidelines or style
sheet for slides. Also over time you will develop your own personal style.
Carl Storz et al.
Oral Presentation Skills
Août 2002
2
3. I. PREPARATION AND PLANNING
I.1 ESSENTIAL PREPARATION AND PLANNING
CHECKLIST
This is a checklist of the essential elements to
consider in preparing and planning an oral
presentation. Use it yourself by filling in the boxes on
the right under “My Ideas”.
QUESTIONS TO ASK
YOURSELF
1. What is the aim?
2. What is my title?
3. Who am I speaking to?
4. What are the main points
I want to make?
5. What do I want the
audience to do after listening
to my presentation?
Carl Storz et al.
EXAMPLES
MY IDEAS
ü
ü
to buy my product
to adopt my
recommendations
ü to join the club
ü to give me a job
ü The new Mokia 2001
ü How to reduce production
costs
ü The INT Chess Club
ü What are the benefits to
the audience of my
product/report/speech?
ü Are these people the
decision makers?
ü What do they know of the
subject?
ü How does this change my
approach?
ü What sort of questions will
they ask me? What are
the answers?
ü What aspects will they be
interested in?
1, 2, 3; first, second, third;
point a, point b, point c
We must invite them:
ü to buy my product
ü to accept my findings
ü to join the club
ü to give me a job
Oral Presentation Skills
Août 2002
3
4. I.2 Other questions concerning physical aspects.
Who is the audience?
How many people will there be in the audience?
Check beforehand, if you can, the place where you are going to make your
presentation.
Where will it take place?
How big is the room?
What equipment is there in the room? What equipment do I
need?
Does the equipment work?
Are you going to need a black or whiteboard?
Have you got chalk and / or a felt tip pen?
Do you need an overhead projector or a screen?
Are they in place? Is there a podium? Where are you going to
put your notes /papers /transparencies?
Do you need an adapter or extension lead?
Can the information be seen?
Can you present the information and not get in the way?
Do you need a pointer?
Will you need to dim the lights or draw the curtains?
Are you going to need handouts or any other documents? How many? Do they
present a good image of you and your company?
When?
What time of day is it? What day is it? Will the audience be more or less receptive
when listening?
How long?
In relation to what the audience knows or time constraints, what can I eliminate if
necessary?
Other
Am I dressed appropriately? Shoes polished? Are my hands and fingernails clean?
Experienced
Experienced presenters are able to improvise and adapt to changing circumstances
but you may have only one chance to present your information, so be prepared.
Carl Storz et al.
Oral Presentation Skills
Août 2002
4
5. II. STRUCTURE OF AN ORAL PRESENTATION
A good oral presentation is well structured; this makes it
easier for the listener to follow.
Basically there are three parts to a typical presentation: the
beginning, the middle and the end (or introduction, body and
conclusion). We are going to look at each part in turn and present
the language needed to express both the structure and the
content.
II.1 THE BEGINNING OR THE INTRODUCTION
The beginning of a presentation is the most important part. It is when you establish
a rapport with the audience and when you have its attention. More detailed
techniques can be found in part IV.
II.1.A Get the audience's attention and signal the beginning.
Right. Well. OK. Erm.
Let's begin.
Good. Fine. Great.
Can we start?
Shall we start?
Let's get the ball rolling.
Let's get down to business.
In English-speaking countries it is not uncommon for the speaker to begin with a
joke, an anecdote, a statement made to surprise or provoke in order to gain the
audience's attention, to make people want to listen, to feel relaxed and even to
introduce the subject. This may or may not be appropriate in your country; you are
probably the best judge. Certainly humour is difficult to convey and would not be
appropriate in all contexts.
A good technique is to try to get your audience involved in your talk either by
asking direct or rhetorical questions. Ask for a show of hands for example, in response
to a question or, present information in such a way that the audience can identify with
it. You can give an anecdote, unusual or surprising facts, or an illustration from real
life could be employed here.
II.1.B Greet audience.
It is important to greet the audience by saying something like:
Hello
ladies and gentlemen.
Good morning
members of the jury.
Good afternoon
esteemed guests
Good evening
members of the board
Fellow colleagues
Mr. Chairman/Chairwoman
Thank you for your kind introduction
II.1.C Introduce oneself, (name, position, and company)
Do this not only to give important information so people can identify you but also
to establish your authority on the subject and to allow the audience to see your point
of view on the subject (you are a student, researcher, responsible for, director of,
neophyte, layman). 2
Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, let me introduce myself.
2
It is a good idea to put your name, company’s name, company logo, title and date of the presentation on all the
transparencies or handouts.
Carl Storz et al.
Oral Presentation Skills
Août 2002
5
6. Good morning everyone, I'd like to start by introducing myself.
My name is...
I am a student at the INT
I am a doctoral candidate,
I am X. Y. from 3 Com. I'm the manager of…
I am a researcher from … I've been working on the subject now for X years...
I've had wide experience in the field of ...
Good morning, my name is Lawrence Couderc. I am a student at the INT and I
would like to talk to you today about some of my findings in a study I did on…
Sometimes, especially when invited to speak, the host introduces the guest,
gives the same information as above and then gives the floor to
the guest speaker.
I am very pleased and proud to introduce …who is…. He/she is
known for…
Now I'll turn the floor over to today's speaker. (to take the floor,
to have the floor, to give the floor to someone.)
II.1.D Give title and introduce subject
What exactly are you going to speak about? Situate the subject in time and
place, in relation to the audience and/or its importance. Give a rough idea or a
working definition of the subject.
I plan to speak about...
Today I'm going to talk about...
The subject of my presentation is...
The theme of my talk is...
I've been asked to give you an overview of...
Cultural aspects may be important here; scientists want to demonstrate their
work and findings while managers and humanities people want to share ideas and
reflections with their audience. It may be the result of a desire to persuade and
convince. It may be comparison of two or more products, plans or proposals.
Why are you going to speak about it?
I have chosen to speak about this because...
I was asked to speak about X because...
Have you set any limits on the scope of your talk? What won't you speak about?
It may be very useful to eliminate certain areas before you start so as to avoid
confusion or deviation from your main task. It also protects you from criticism later
for not covering certain aspects or issues.
Have you estimated the time it will take? 3 It is useful to give the listeners some
idea of how long you will speak so as to maintain their attention better.
I will not speak about...
I have limited my speech to
My talk will last about 15 minutes
3
Concerning time, professional people are very often pressed for time. The average person’s attention span is also
very, very short. Conclusion: the shorter the better!
Carl Storz et al.
Oral Presentation Skills
Août 2002
6
7. I will speak for 15 minutes.
You may want to give acknowledgements here too. If you have been sponsored,
supported or encouraged by a particular firm, organization, professor, etc. you may
want to recognise their contribution. Your research and paper may have been the
work of a collaborative effort and you should acknowledge this too giving the names
of all the participants.
At some point you should ask a question or somehow try to determine the
attitude and knowledge of the audience. How do they feel about the subject? You will
then have to modify the contents, as you never know exactly what to expect.
Have you ever heard of...?
You may already know…
I feel sure that some of you…
Every day you encounter...
To get the audience's attention and perhaps to find out where they are you could
introduce the subject by saying:
Have you ever heard of/seen X?
You've probably seen countless times...
You may have wondered...
II.1.E Give your objectives (purpose, aim, goals)
The main purpose of an informative speech is to have the
audience understand and remember a certain amount of
information. You should therefore have two purposes: a general
purpose and a specific one. The former is to inform: to give an
overview, to present, to summarize, to outline; to discuss the
current situation or to explain how to do something or how
something is done. The latter is what you want the audience to take
away with them after listening to you, what you want them to do, what
they should remember.
My purpose in doing this paper is to give you a solid background on the subject of
oral presentation skills so that in the future, at the INT or elsewhere, you can deliver
a successful speech in front of a group.
What I would like to do today is to explain
to illustrate...
to give you the essential background information on...
to outline...
to have a look at...
What I want my listeners to get out of my speech is...
If there is one thing I'd like to get across to you today it is that…
Once you have established your specific objectives you may go on to formulate
your content.4
II.1.F Announce your outline.
You want to keep the outline simple so 2 or 3 main points are usually enough.
Concerning grammar the headings of the outline should be of the same grammatical
form.
I have broken my speech down/up into X parts.
I have divided my presentation (up) into Y parts.
4Change
the purpose of the speech (or the time, place and audience) to see how the outline changes.
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8. In
In
In
In
the first part I give a few basic definitions.
the next section I will explain
part three, I am going to show...
the last part I would like/want to give a practical example...5
II.1. G Questions and comments from the audience.
You should also let the audience know at some point in the introduction when
and whether they may ask questions.
I'd ask you to save your questions for the end.
There will be plenty of time at the end of my speech for a discussion.
You may interrupt me at any moment to ask questions or make comments.
Please stop me if you don't understand any thing I say but could you keep any
specific questions until after I've finished.
II.1.H Make a transition between the introduction and the body.
You should refer to your transparency or outline.
Now let us turn to point one.
Let us now move on to the second part, which is, as I said earlier….
If you are giving a technical presentation a glossary might be useful and avoid unecessary
interuptions. Always explain abbreviations and say acronyms giving their full name when
you first mention them and be especially careful with the pronunciation.
5
Notice the variety of ways of indicating parts (in the first part, section, part three, the last place) and variety of
grammar, i.e. verbal forms that follow.
One student actually began with definitions of key technical words that would come up in the speech. What do you
think of that idea?
Depending on the context or specific cultural environment you may or may not want to use a transparency. For
example, in a professional corporate context it may look a bit scholastic to project an outline. However, in giving a
paper, since the objective is didactic you could put it on a transparency and refer back to it from time to time.
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9. II.2 THE MIDDLE OR THE BODY
II.2.A Content.
What information should you give in your speech? All your information should
support your purpose. In most cases you will have to limit the content, as time is
usually precious!
II.2.B Quantity
How much information should you give? Enough to clearly develop your ideas.
Don’t forget to illustrate through examples.
II.2.C Sequencing your ideas.
Here are a few possibilities for organizing your ideas: logical; chronological
order; from general to specific; from known to unknown; from accepted to
controversial; cause/effect; problem/solution. Whatever sequencing you choose, the
headings should be all of the same grammatical form.
II.2.D Keeping the audience's attention
The beginning and the end or the first and last parts of a talk are what listeners
will remember best. Think of ways you can keep the audience's attention throughout
the rest of the speech. (See part IV.)
II.2. E Signposting or signaling where you are.
Just as when you are driving along a road that you don't
know very well, you depend on signs to guide you, you need to
guide the listener by using expressions to tell him/her where you
are going. That is to say, first announce what you are going to
say (give an example, reformulate etc.) and then say what you
want to say. This is very like verbal punctuation. Indicate when
you have finished one point and then go on to the next one. It is
redundant in text but very useful in oral presentations.
Experienced presenters will also clearly pause, change their stance and the pitch of
their voice as they move from one part of a presentation to another.
Listing information
Lists are often a necessary evil. Vary your language whenever possible and avoid
reading directly.
There are three things we have to consider: one, two, and three.
A, B, C.
Now let us look at the first aspect which is...
First of all,…
In the first place…6
Linking ideas, sections/making transitions
Indicate the end of one section and the beginning of the next.
That's all I would like to say about... (subject of part A) and now let us turn to ....
Now that we've seen... let us turn to…
6
Do not use, in a first time, at first, at last, firstable.
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10. Outlining options. If there are alternative ways of looking at a topic or proposal,
outline them to show you are familiar with the different ways of dealing with a
situation.
There seem to be two possible ways of dealing with this...
We've looked at this from the point of view of the manufacturer but what about if
we were to...
A number of options present themselves at this point....
If what you are dealing with demands a comparison of strengths and weaknesses
indicate clearly the different aspects and underline the points you feel are important
or secondary.
What exactly are the benefits?
On the plus side we can add...
This is not the only weakness of the plan...
We cannot ignore the problems that such an action would create...
We do not need to concern ourselves with…
Of lesser interest are…
To be clear and concrete. Use examples, rephrasing, summaries etc.:
To give an example:
Now let's take an example.
An example of this can be found...
To illustrate this…
Let's see this through an example.
For example,
For instance,
e.g.
To rephrase:
Let me rephrase that,
In other words
Another way of saying the same
thing is
That is to say
i.e.
To summarize:
To summarize
To sum up,
Let me summarize by saying
So that concludes my overview
In conclusion
Briefly said
In short,
What I've tried to show in this part...
To recap what we've seen so far...
To emphasize
What is very significant is...
What is important to remember...
I'd like to emphasize the fact that...
I’d like to stress the importance of...
to highlight...
Carl Storz et al.
to underline...
What I tried to bring out...
What we need to focus on...
To refer to what you have said
previously:
As I have already said earlier...
As we saw in part one...
To repeat what I've said already…
To refer to what you will say:
We will see this a little
later on.
This will be the subject of
part 3.
We will go into more
detail on that later.
For now, suffice to say...
To refer to what an
expert says:
I quote the words of ...
In the words of…
According to...
Here I'd like to quote…
As Mr. X says in his book...
There is a famous quotation that
goes...
To refer to common knowledge:
As you all may well know...
It is generally accepted that...
As you are probably aware (of)...
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11. II.3 THE END OR CONCLUSION
The end of a talk should never come as a surprise to an audience; it needs
special consideration.
II.3.A Content
The end or the conclusion of your talk should include four parts: a
brief reminder of what you tried to show in your speech and how you tried
to do so, a short conclusion, thanks to the audience for listening, and an
invitation to ask questions, make comments or open a discussion. 7
At the end you should briefly summarize your speech in a few lines to make
sure the audience has retained the main points. Alternatives are: to state the
point of the speech; give the essential message to retain; list the main points
and what you want the audience to remember; review informally or indirectly by
using a quote, a comparison or example.
Then you should give some kind of conclusion. That is to say you should
give a message that logically comes out of the ideas developed in your speech.
This could be a commentary, the lessons learned, some recommendations, or the
next steps. You could also make a call to action; the audience should have to do
something.
Thirdly, thank the audience for being there.
Finally, ask for questions and comments or invite a discussion. If you
choose the former, you put yourself in a superior position compared to the
audience and should be considered as an expert. You will need to be very
prepared intellectually and psychologically to transfer control to the audience and
be able to answer any questions. However, in the case of the latter, you put
yourself more or less on equal terms with the audience and do not have to be
the expert with all the answers! The audience may have some clear ideas or
some practical knowledge about the subject themselves!
Naturally you need to signpost the end of your talk. This may take the form of
a recapitulation of the main points.
I'd like to summarize/sum up
At this stage I would like to run through/over the main points...
So, as we have seen today....
As I have tried to explain this morning BT finds itself in....
Or there may be recommendations or proposals that you wish to make;
As a result we suggest that…
In the light of what we have seen today I suggest that...
My first proposal is...
Above all when you conclude do not do it abruptly or as if surprised to get to
the end of your talk.
In conclusion I would like to say that...
My final comments concern...
I would like to finish by reminding everyone that...
7
Do not introduce new information.
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12. You may at this point wish to distribute a vocabulary list or more detailed
information that you wish to make available.
I've prepared a slim folder of the proposals...
In the sheets that are now being distributed you will find a breakdown of
the...
And finally you may well have to deal with questions.
I'd be happy to answer any questions....
If there are any questions please feel free to ask.
Thank you very much for your attention and if there are any suggestions or
comments
8
II.3.B Dealing with difficult questions
1. Make sure you understand the question.
Ø Ask a question to see if you understand
Ø Repeat the question in your own words to check that you have
understood.
Ø if not, ask the questioner to repeat
2. In answering:
Ø delay the answer (ask for time and/or repeat the question)
Just a minute please. What is a...?
How can I put it?
I'm glad you asked that question.
That's a good question/point/remark.
Can I answer that question later?
Ø admit that you are not responsible.
I saw that in the work of…
Ø agree but give an alternative point of view
I agree with you but there is another way of looking at it.
II.4 SUMMARY OF PART II
To give a successful presentation and at the same time a good image of yourself
or your firm, careful preparation and organization are required. You need to take into
consideration who you are speaking to, when, where, and why, as all of these details
will have an impact on your structure and content. A well-structured speech with a
step-by-step approach is one that is easy to follow. Besides structure, it is also
necessary to be relatively repetitive. A good 'rule' is announce what you are going to
say, say it and finally, say what you've said.
Be careful with the figures. Pronunciation (proper names, cognates, numbers)
and presentation are important, practice beforehand! This is equally important for the
key words of your presentation. It is particularly annoying for the audience to hear the
same word mispronounced repeatedly.
In addition to careful preparation - good structure and vocabulary – and
organization, a message passes in other ways. According to experts 55% of the
message is non-verbal. Using images (visuals); body language and voice are extremely
important and will be examined in the following sections.
8
Palmer is very good on tactics to employ in dealing with difficult questions. (See bibliography)
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14. Why use visuals?
Ø to focus the audience's attention
Ø to illustrate points easier to understand in visual form but difficult in a verbal form
(e.g. statistics)
Ø to reinforce ideas
Ø to change focus from aural/oral to visual
Ø to involve and motivate the audience
Ø to involve all the senses
Ø to serve as logical proof
Ø to save time and avoid putting information on a board
Ø to avoid turning your back to the audience when writing on a board
Ø to help the speaker
Text to put on a visual
Ø name, conference/company and company logo, date, title of presentation. Try to
do this consistantly but not to the detriment of a table or image.
Ø full sentences are not to be used, unless a quote is given, give round figures
Ø N.B. keep text to a minimum
Size, layout, font (typeface) and size, colors.
Ø Size - A4
Ø Layout should be pleasant and easy to read: horizontal/landscape layout is
preferable.
Ø Fonts: Ariel, Helvetica, Times New Roman, Futura, Optima, Verdana, New Century,
Schoolbook and Courier. Some companies impose a particular style.
Ø Font size - maybe 20 or more depending on the size of the room you will be
speaking in. A good idea is to use different sizes for different types of text: i.e. 20
for main headings, 16 for subheadings, 14 for other text.
Ø Use CAPITAL LETTERS, bold face, italics, underlining, reverse (white on black) or
shading to highlight.
Ø If possible, use color transparencies (unless you are just showing text).
How many?
One every two minutes is sufficient. To show too many slides is worse than none at
all.
General and miscellaneous tips.
Have the slides ready and in order.
Check to see if the OHP is plugged in, in working order and in focus.
Test the visual to see if people at the back of the room can see it.
Stand to the side of the screen and face the audience.
Mask to reveal only what you want the audience to see.
Use a pointer or a pen to draw attention to a specific point.
Visuals should be adjusted to the audience.
Visuals should supplement the spoken message.
Large enough for everyone to see. (Good idea to give out a paper copy, i.e. a handout,
not at the same time though, as the audience may not look at you)
Don't display too much information, too many colors or typefaces.
Does the layout work?
Are there any spelling mistakes or grammatical errors? Remember they are going to
be in plain view all the time of your visual.
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15. How should you present a visual in a presentation?
It is not sufficient just to put up a transparency on the screen and expect the
audience to turn its attention to it, to understand it and make the link with what you
are saying. (See Giving Presentations Unit. 4) We would suggest the following
strategy:
It is important to prepare your audience for what they are going to see. This keeps
the audience on their toes and gives you the opportunity to position your visual
correctly.
Let's look at the current distribution of the market, as you can see...
I'm going to show you now the most recent figures available...
My next slide concerns the method by which...
Remember to draw the attention of the audience to the points that you wish to
highlight but avoid redundancy by describing everything that is in the visual!
As you can see....
The first line of figures is the most revealing...
Notice/observe how the increase has had an effect on the...
What is important here is the way that...
You can also try to rephrase your point to give it emphasis, giving the audience
time to absorb the information.
In other words the number of employees has a direct effect on the...
Or to look at it in another way every time you...
That is to say no matter what technique is used, the results remain
IV. CREATING INTEREST AND ESTABLISHING A RELATIONSHIP WITH THE
AUDIENCE
Do not assume the audience will be interested in what you have to
say. Even if they are, minds wander and get distracted. From the very
beginning you need to create interest and continue doing so throughout
your speech. You need to put everything on your side to promote
knowledge acquisition. In informing an audience you have to adjust to
what people think, to constraints, maintain a dialogue (and not a
monologue) and use attractive supporting materials. How can you do this?
Ø Arouse listeners' interest from the beginning. In the introduction show how your
subject or what you are going to say affects or may affect their lives. In other
words, make it personal.
Ø Other techniques are:
• Give an unusual fact or statistic.
• Use words like you, we, us, our.
• Illustrate with a real life story or anecdote.
• Ask the audience to do something. "Raise your hands if you know."
• Ask the audience direct or rhetorical questions. (See below)
Ø Other tips:
• Be brief and clear in giving the subject and purpose.
• The speaker’s attitude is important - knowledge, personality, openness. Be
lively and enthusiastic.
• Use a variety of media sources.
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16. Rhetorical questions
What is a rhetorical question? A question that you ask without expecting it to be
answered. Why use such a question? In using such a question the speaker appears to
be having a dialogue with the listeners. It also should catch their attention.
Have you ever seen/heard/experienced...?
How can we explain this?
What does that mean?
What can be done about that?
What does this imply for you, as a consumer?
Emphasizing/highlighting
Ø Say something is important.
The important thing to remember is...
The essential element is...
Ø Stress verbs with your voice.
We experimented with the concept over a period of three years.
Ø Add auxiliary verbs for emphasis.
We did see a noticeable difference.
Ø Change the word order
What I'd like to show today is the difference between the two products.
Good it may be, easy it isn't.
Ø Repetition
As I've said before...
Let me repeat
Ø Tripling, chunking and other techniques of word play and emphasis should be used
11
as you become more fluent and confident.
This method is clearer, cheaper and more consistent.
Quality is not something that affects the bottom line, it is the bottom line.
11 For more of this see Mark Powell in bibliography.
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17. V. BODY LANGUAGE
The golden rule is "Be natural and relax!"
What is body language?
Eye contact, facial expressions, posture, movements,
gestures.
Why is it useful?
It is a natural part of communication:
Ø to clarify meaning; it is very visual
Ø to vent nervousness
Ø to maintain interest
Ø to emphasize and regulate
Below are just a few examples of both positive and negative body language:
Positive body language
Ø eye contact to keep audiences' attention (Asian audience might feel aggressed.)
Ø facial expressions should be natural and friendly. Don't forget to smile.
• raise eyebrows to show surprise
• open eyes wide
• squint your eyes
• knit your eyebrows to show consternation or puzzlement
Ø posture – stand straight but relaxed (do not slouch or lean)
Ø movement - to indicate a change of focus, keep the audience's attention
• move forward to emphasize
• move to one side to indicate a transition
Ø gesture
• up and down head motion or other movements to indicate importance
• pen or pointer to indicate a part, a place (on a transparency).
• shrug of the shoulders to indicate "I don't know!"
• hands - back and forth = two possibilities, more or less
• arm - movement back, forth
Negative body language
Ø loss of eye contact: looking at notes, looking at screen, at the board, at the
floor
Ø don't stare, or look blankly into people's eyes
Ø swaying back and forth like a pendulum
Ø back turned to the audience
Ø nervous ticks
Ø hands in pockets
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18. VI. VOICE AND PRONUNCIATION
Correct pronunciation is important if one is to be understood correctly. Incorrect
pronunciation is perhaps the first cause of communication breakdown. If the listener is
not accustomed to the speaker’s native language, he/she will not understand a
mispronounced word. Mispronunciation also tires the listener’s ear and he/she will
perhaps even stop trying to understand the speaker if it becomes too difficult.
VI.1 What is pronunciation?
There are two important aspects of pronunciation of
individual words, word stress and the individual sounds
themselves called "phonemes". 12 A suggestion: make sure
you know how to correctly pronounce at least the key
technical words or words that your repeat over and over
again in your speech.
Just as in the case of individual words in English a
particular syllable receives stress, so do particular words in
a sentence. Sentence stress concerns stressing particular words in a sentence usually
at regular intervals. 13 English speakers stress words that are important for meaning
such as: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, negatives, demonstratives and
interrogatives. Unstressed ones include articles, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, and
conjunctions.
Linking - (as in French) between a consonant and the following vowel and grouping
words into thought groups - needs to be practiced. 14
In the area of pronunciation, the basic problems of French speakers are:
1. Word and sentence stress - not all syllables in a word or in a sentence are stressed
equally.
2. In unstressed syllables the vowel often becomes shorter (schwa: e.g. man in
German).
3. Long English sounds are much longer than corresponding French sounds and the
short sounds of English are shorter than French short sounds.
4. The voice is used to indicate meaning, and intonation is higher or more glided in
English.
VI.2 Voice
The voice, or more precisely the qualities of the voice, should be used to its/their
fullest. 15 Qualities include loudness, speed (fast or slow), variety, pitch (high or low),
silent moments or pauses. The voice is important:
Ø to indicate importance, meaning
Ø to create atmosphere and to avoid sounding monotonous and putting the audience
to sleep!
12
See Carl Storz. English Pronunciation Notebook for Telecommunications Students. Evry: INT, 1993.
For excellent practice work in the context of everyday expressions, see Carolyn Graham.Small Talk Jazz Chants.
Oxford: OUP, 1986
14 See Judy B. Gilbert. Clear Speech. Cambridge: CUP, 1984.
15 See Tony Lynch. Study Listening. London: CUP, 1986.
13
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19. VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
For extra practice in preparing for an oral presentation (or English in general) we
have used and would suggest the following titles, many of which are all available in
the Language Resource Center. (E103)
On oral presentation:
Course materials for learners of English:
Comfort, Jeremy and Derek Utley. (York Associates) Effective Presentations. Oxford:
OUP: 1996.
Ellis, Mark & Nina O' Driscoll. Giving Presentations. Harlow: Longman, 1992.
Howe, Brian. Visitron, the Language of Presentations. Harlow: Longman, 1985.
Lynch, Tony. Study Listening. London: CUP, 1986.
Powell, Mark. Presenting in English. Hove: LTP, 1996.
Sweeney, Simon. English for Business Communication. Cambridge: CUP, 1997.
Other books on oral presentation
Glickstein, Lee. Be Heard Now! New York: Broadway Books, 1998.
Hendricks, Dr. William et al. Secrets of Power Presentations. Franklin Lakes, N.J.:
Career Press, 1996.
Slutsky, Jeff and Aun, Michael. The Toastmasters International Guide to Successful
Speaking. Chicago: Dearborn Financial Publishing, 1997.
Wilder Claudyne and Jennifer Rotondo. Point, Click & Wow! A Quick Guide to Brilliant
Laptop Presentations. 2nd Edition. Hoboken, N.J.: Jossey-Bass, 2002.
On pronunciation and the voice:
Gilbert, Judy B. Clear Speech. 2nd Edition Cambridge: CUP, 1993.
Graham, Carolyn. Small Talk Jazz Chants. Oxford: OUP, 1986.
Powell, Mark. Presenting in English. Hove: LTP, 1996. See “Using Your Voice” (Section
3)
Rodenburg, Patsy. The Right to Speak: working with the voice. London: Methuen,
1992.
Storz, Carl. English Pronunciation Notebook for Telecommunications Students. Evry:
INT, 1993.
Many Web sites (mostly give more or less the same information) (checked 9/2002)
http://web.mit.edu/writing/Writing_Types/oral.html
http://fbox.vt.edu/eng/mech/writing:workbooks/visuals.html
(on visuals)
http://rpi.edu/dept/llc/writecenter/web/presentation.html
http://writing.colostate.edu/references/speaking.cfm
http://business.englishclub.com/presentations.htm
Famous speeches
- Speech Archives "Hear the Words that Changed the World" -. You can listen to
important speeches in (especially US) history.
Poster sessions (A poster is a particular type of presentation and not jsut a visual.)
http://writing.colostate.edu/references/speaking.cfm/posters/
http://www.gmu.edu/departments/writingcenter/ppt/index.htm
On body language
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20. Baylon C. et X. Mignot. La communication. Paris: Fernand Nahan, 1994. Voir
spéciallement V. “Communication à courte et à longue portée”. (INT 9.492)
Bouvet, Danielle. La dimension corporelle de la parole. Paris: Peeters, 2001.
Bull, Peter. “What does gesture and to the spoken word? In Barlow, H. et al. Images
and Understanding. Cambridge: CUP, 1990. (INT 9.54)
Cabin, Philippe. La Communication. Etat des savoirs. Paris PUF, 1998. (INT 9.492
CAB).
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