Handle increase in IP traffic
Moore’s law doesn’t apply here
1984: 50Mbps, 2001: 6.4Tbps
Reduce cost of transmitting a bit
Cost/bit down by 99% in last 5 years
Enable new applications and services by pushing optics towards the edges
Bandwidth is Becoming Commodity :
Price per bit went down by 99% in the last 5 years on the optical side
This is one of the problems of the current telecom market
Optical Metro – cheap high bandwidth access
$1000 a month for 100FX (in major cities)
This is less than the cost of T1 several years ago
Optical Long-Haul and Metro access - change of the price point
Reasonable price drive more users (non residential)
Bandwidth is Becoming Commodity :
Price per bit went down by 99% in the last 5 years on the optical side
This is one of the problems of the current telecom market
Optical Metro – cheap high bandwidth access
$1000 a month for 100FX (in major cities)
This is less than the cost of T1 several years ago
Optical Long-Haul and Metro access - change of the price point
Reasonable price drive more users (non residential)
This presentation is based on Evolution of Passive Optical Network. We study strategies for increasing the PON’s capacity regardless of its technology: EPON (Ethernet-based PON) or GPON (Gigabit capable PON). It can also introduce other future Technologies like SCM Hybrids and Coherent PONs.
The attached narrated power point presentation will help one get familiarized with the basic concepts of Wavelength Division Multiplexing as well as get introduced to WDM Networks. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Kyeong Soo Kim, Academic Weeks Videoconference Session with Pakistan COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Swansea University, Swansea, Wales UK, Dec. 14, 2010.
This presentation is based on Evolution of Passive Optical Network. We study strategies for increasing the PON’s capacity regardless of its technology: EPON (Ethernet-based PON) or GPON (Gigabit capable PON). It can also introduce other future Technologies like SCM Hybrids and Coherent PONs.
The attached narrated power point presentation will help one get familiarized with the basic concepts of Wavelength Division Multiplexing as well as get introduced to WDM Networks. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Kyeong Soo Kim, Academic Weeks Videoconference Session with Pakistan COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Swansea University, Swansea, Wales UK, Dec. 14, 2010.
A Platform for Data Intensive Services Enabled by Next Generation Dynamic Opt...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
The new architecture is proposed for data intensive enabled by next generation dynamic optical networks
Offers a Lambda scheduling service over Lambda Grids
Supports both on-demand and scheduled data retrieval
Supports bulk data-transfer facilities using lambda-switched networks
Provides a generalized framework for high performance applications over next generation networks, not necessary optical end-to-end
Supports out-of-band tools for adaptive placement of data replicas
ASON – Automatically Switched Optical Networks
Dynamically switch the light path
Enabler for many applications
Controlled by UNI and NNI – Allow applications to set the light path
Allow to add the intelligence into the optical core
ASON:
The Automatic Switched Optical Network (ASON) is both a framework and a technology capability.
As a framework that describes a control and management architecture for an automatic switched optical transport network.
As a technology, it refers to routing and signalling protocols applied to an optical network which enable dynamic path setup.
Recently changed names to Automatic Switched Transport Network (G.ASTN)
Active Nets Technology Transfer through High-Performance Network DevicesTal Lavian Ph.D.
Deploying commercial high performance network devices to construct a programmable AN platform
Supporting customizable network intelligences
Supporting excellent AN-specific research projects
Addressing AN and optical networking issues
DesignCon 2019 112-Gbps Electrical Interfaces: An OIF Update on CEI-112GLeah Wilkinson
DesignCon 2019
112-Gbps Electrical Interfaces: An OIF Update on CEI-112G
Brian Holden, Kandou Bus
Cathy Liu, Broadcom
Steve Sekel, Keysight
Nathan Tracy, TE Connectivity
Optical networking is evolving
Much more bandwidth
Agile reconfiguring of light path
Need to take advantage of this and tie it to applications and services
Need to define the glue and the interface between the applications and lower levels.
Can’t do computation in the optical core
Need to move the intelligence from the core to the edge.
A Platform for Data Intensive Services Enabled by Next Generation Dynamic Opt...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
The new architecture is proposed for data intensive enabled by next generation dynamic optical networks
Encapsulates “optical network resources” into a service framework to support dynamically provisioned and advanced data-intensive transport services
Provides a generalized framework for high performance applications over next generation networks, not necessary optical end-to-end
Supports both on-demand and scheduled data retrieval
Supports a meshed wavelength switched network capable of establishing an end-to-end lightpath in seconds
Supports bulk data-transfer facilities using lambda-switched networks
Supports out-of-band tools for adaptive placement of data replicas
Offers network resources as Grid services for Grid computing
Enhancing Performance with Globus and the Science DMZGlobus
ESnet has led the way in helping national facilities—and many other institutions in the research community—configure Science DMZs and troubleshoot network issues to maximize data transfer performance. In this talk we will present a summary of approaches and tips for getting the most out of your network infrastructure using Globus Connect Server.
An Architecture for Data Intensive Service Enabled by Next Generation Optical...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
DWDM-RAM - An architecture for data intensive Grids enabled by next generation dynamic optical networks, incorporating new methods for lightpath provisioning.
DWDM-RAM: An architecture designed to meet the
networking challenges of extremely large scale Grid applications.
Traditional network infrastructure cannot meet these demands,
especially, requirements for intensive data flows
DWDM-RAM Components Include:
Data management services
Intelligent middleware
Dynamic lightpath provisioning
State-of-the-art photonic technologies
Wide-area photonic testbed implementation
DWDM-RAM: DARPA-Sponsored Research for Data Intensive Service-on-Demand Advan...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
The DWDM-RAM architecture identifies two distinct planes over the dynamic
underlying optical network:
the Data Grid Plane that speaks for the diverse requirements of a data-intensive application by providing generic data-intensive interfaces and services and
2) the Network Grid Plane that marshals the raw bandwidth of the underlying optical
network into network services, within the OGSI framework, and that matches the complex requirements specified by the Data Grid Plane.
At the application middleware layer, the Data Transfer Service (DTS) presents an interface between the system and an application. It receives high-level client requests, policy-and-access filtered, to transfer specific named blocks of data with specific advance scheduling constraints.
The network resource middleware layer consists of three services: the Data Handler Service (DHS), the Network Resource Service (NRS) and the Dynamic Lambda Grid Service (DLGS). Services of this layer initiate and control sharing of resources.
Link labs LTE-M NB-IOT Hype Webinar slidesBrian Ray
Join us as Link Labs VP of Business Development and Cellular IoT Product Director, Glenn Schatz, discusses common misconceptions about LTE Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT), as well as how business and product leaders can use these transformative technologies to deliver value to their customers, while avoiding some of the pitfalls companies face when embarking on this journey.
In this Webinar we will cover:
What are the key features and benefits of LTE Cat-M1 and NB-IoT?
What is the state of devices and network availability today?
How do the various low-power modes work (PSM, eDRX, and vendor-specific), and how can they be used in my application?
What are some of the risks and challenges of developing a product with one of these technologies?
How much do these devices cost? What do the data plans look like?
What is in store for the future with 2G and 3G sunsets (both CDMA and GSM) and the emergence of 5G?
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Qo s management for mobile satellite communicationeSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, a cross-layer architecture (QoSatAr) is developed to provide end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantees for Internet protocol (IP) traffic over the Digital Video Broadcasting-Second generation (DVB-S2) satellite systems. The architecture design is based on a cross-layer optimization between the physical layer and the network layer to provide QoS provisioning based on the bandwidth availability present in the DVB-S2 satellite channel. One of the most important aspects of the architecture design is that QoSatAr is able to guarantee the QoS requirements for specific traffic flows considering a single parameter: the bandwidth availability which is set at the physical layer (considering adaptive code and modulation adaptation) and sent to the network layer by means of a cross-layer optimization. The architecture has been evaluated using the NS-2 simulator. Keywords: QoSatAr, DVB-S2, ACM, RQM, DiffServ
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Embodiments of the present invention present a method and apparatus for photonic line sharing for high-speed routers. Photonic switches receive high-speed optical data streams and produce the data streams to a router operating according to routing logic and produce optical data streams according to destination addresses stored in the data packets. Each photonic switch can be configured as one of a 1:N multiplexer or an M:N cross-connect switch. In one embodiment, optical data is converted to electrical data prior to routing, while an alternate embodiment routes only optical data. Another embodiment transfers large volumes of high-speed data through an optical bypass line in a circuit switched network to bypass the switch fabric thereby routing the data packets directly to the destination. An edge device selects one of the packet switched network or the circuit switched network. The bypass resources are released when the large volume of high-speed data is transferred.
Systems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a networkTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide for providing support for sharing and exchanging in a network. The system includes a memory coupled to a processor. The memory includes a database comprising information corresponding to first users and the second users. Each of the first users and the second users are facilitated for sharing or exchanging activity, service or product, based on one or more conditions corresponding thereto. Further, the memory includes one or more instructions executable by the processor to match each of the first users to at least one of the second users. Furthermore, the instructions may inform each of the first users about the match with the at least one of the second users when all the conditions are met by the at least one second user based on the information corresponding to each of the second users.
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menuTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for generating an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) database, the system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory comprising a list of telephone numbers associated with one or more destinations implementing IVR menus, wherein the one or more destinations are grouped based on a plurality of categories of the IVR menus. Further the memory includes instructions executable by said processor for automatically communicating with the one of more destinations, and receiving at least one customization record from said at least one destination to store in the IVR database.
Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through proxy functions. At times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. In some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Systems and methods for electronic communicationsTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for enhancing user interaction with the Internet of Things. The system includes a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory includes a database having one or more options corresponding to each of the Internet of Things. The memory further includes instructions executable by the processor to share at least one of the one or more options with one or more users of the things. Further, the instructions receive information corresponding to selection of the at least one option by the one or more users. Additionally, the instructions update the database based on the selection of the at least one option by the one or more users. Further, a device for enhancing interaction with the things is also disclosed.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An object detection system for autonomous vehicle, comprising a radar unit and at least one ultra-low phase noise frequency synthesizer, is provided. The radar unit configured for detecting the presence and characteristics of one or more objects in various directions. The radar unit may include a transmitter for transmitting at least one radio signal; and a receiver for receiving the at least one radio signal returned from the one or more objects. The ultra-low phase noise frequency synthesizer may utilize Clocking device, Sampling Reference PLL, at least one fixed frequency divider, DDS and main PLL to reduce phase noise from the returned radio signal. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art Radar Systems by providing much lower level of phase noise which would result in improved performance of the radar system in terms of target detection, characterization etc. Further, a method for autonomous vehicle is also disclosed.
Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through proxy functions. At times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. In some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay networkTal Lavian Ph.D.
A method and apparatus for resource scheduling on a switched underlay network (18) enables coordination, scheduling, and scheduling optimization to take place taking into account the availability of the data and the network resources comprising the switched underlay network (18). Requested transfers may be fulfilled by assessing the requested transfer parameters, the availability of the network resources required to fulfill the request, the availability of the data to be transferred, the availability of sufficient storage resources to receive the data, and other potentially conflicting requested transfers. In one embodiment, the requests are under-constrained to enable transfer scheduling optimization to occur. The under-constrained nature of the requests enable transfer scheduling optimization to occur. The under-constrained nature of the requests enables requests to be scheduled taking into account factors such as transfer priority, transfer duration, the amount of time it has been since the transfer request was submitted, and many other factors.
Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An apparatus and method for dynamic assignment of classes of traffic to a priority queue. Bandwidth consumption by one or more types of packet traffic received in the packet forwarding device is monitored to determine whether the bandwidth consumption exceeds a threshold. If the bandwidth consumption exceeds the threshold, assignment of at least one type of packet traffic of the one or more types of packet traffic is changed from a queue having a first priority to a queue having a second priority.
Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An XML accessible network device is capable of performing functions in response to an XML encoded request transmitted over a network. It includes a network data transfer service, coupled to a network, that is capable of receiving XML encoded requests from a client also connected to the network. A service engine is capable of understanding and parsing the XML encoded requests according to a corresponding DTD. The service engine further instantiates a service using parameters provided in the XML encoded request and launches the service for execution on the network device in accordance with a command design parameter. A set of device APIs interacts with hardware and software on the network device for executing the requested service on the network device. If necessary, a response is further collected from the device and provided to the client in a response message.
Embodiments of the invention provide means to the users of the system to provide ratings and corresponding feedback for enhancing the genuineness in the ratings. The system includes a memory coupled to a processor. The memory includes one or more instructions executable by the processor to enable the users of the system to rate each other based on at least one of sharing, exchanging, and selling one of activity, service or product. The system may provide a mechanism to encourage genuineness in ratings provided by the users. Furthermore, the instructions facilitate the rating receivers to provide feedbacks corresponding to the received ratings. The feedback includes accepting or objecting to a particular rating. Moreover, the memory includes instructions executable by the processor to enable the system to determine genuineness of an objection raised by a rating receiver.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a system for enhancing reliability in computation of ratings provided by a user over a social network. The system comprises of a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory further comprises a rater score database, a satisfaction database, a social network registration database, a user profile database, and a plurality of instruction executable by the processor. Said instructions in the memory are enabled to accept a message from at least one user wherein said message comprises a satisfaction score associated with at least one service provider and to retrieve a rater score associated with said at least one user from said rater score database. Further, the memory includes instructions in order to compute a new satisfaction score based on said rater score and said satisfaction score and update said satisfaction database to include said new satisfaction score. In a similar manner, the new satisfaction score can be computed based upon the information stored in the social network registration database and user profile database.
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menuTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for generating an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) database, the system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory comprising a list of telephone numbers associated with one or more destinations implementing IVR menus, wherein the one or more destinations are grouped based on a plurality of categories of the IVR menus. Further the memory includes instructions executable by said processor for automatically communicating with the one of more destinations, and receiving at least one customization record from said at least one destination to store in the IVR database.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Google Calendar is a versatile tool that allows users to manage their schedules and events effectively. With Google Calendar, you can create and organize calendars, set reminders for important events, and share your calendars with others. It also provides features like creating events, inviting attendees, and accessing your calendar from mobile devices. Additionally, Google Calendar allows you to embed calendars in websites or platforms like SlideShare, making it easier for others to view and interact with your schedules.
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR - Slides Onl...Peter Gallagher
In this session delivered at Leeds IoT, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub
1. Optical Networks
• CS294-3: Distributed
Service Architectures
in Converged
Networks
• George Porter
• Tal Lavian
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
2. Overview
• Physical technology, devices
• How are optical networks currently
deployed?
• Customer-empowered networks
– New applications, ways of doing business
– How does this change the “big picture”?
– How do we do it?
– What are the challenges? Payoffs?
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
3. Overview
• Physical technology, devices
• How are optical networks currently
deployed?
• Customer-empowered networks
– New applications, ways of doing business
– How does this change the “big picture”?
– How do we do it?
– What are the challenges? Payoffs?
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
4. Why optical?
• Handle increase in IP traffic
– Moore’s law doesn’t apply here
– 1984: 50Mbps, 2001: 6.4Tbps
• Reduce cost of transmitting a bit
– Cost/bit down by 99% in last 5 years
• Enable new applications and services
by pushing optics towards the edges
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
5. Fiber capabilities/WDM
• Wavelengths can be
time-division
multiplexed into a
series of aggregated
connections
• Sets of wavelengths
can be spaced into
wavebands
• Switching can be done
by wavebands or
wavelengths
• 1 Cable can do multi
terabits/sec
(Timeslots)
(OC12,48,192)
Wavelengths
(Multi Tbps)
Wavebands
Fibers (100+)
Cable
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
6. Internet Reality
SONET
Data
Center
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
SONET
SONET
SONET
DWD
M DWD
M
Access Metro Long Haul Metro Access
7. Devices
• Add/Drop multiplexer
• Optical Cross Connect (OXC)
– Tunable: no need to keep the same wavelength
end-to-end
– Switches lambdas from input to output port
• For “transparent optical network”,
wavelengths treated as opaque objects,
with routing control brought out-of-band
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
8. Overview
• Physical technology, devices
• How are optical networks currently
deployed?
• Customer-empowered networks
– New applications, ways of doing business
– How does this change the “big picture”?
– How do we do it?
– What are the challenges? Payoffs?
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
9. Overview of SONET
• Synchronous
Optical Network
• Good for
aggregating small
flows into a fat
pipe
• Electric endpoints,
strong protection,
troubleshooting
functionality
OC3 OC48
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
OC48
SONET
10. Today’s provisioning
• Anywhere between months to minutes
– Semi-automatic schemes
– Much like old-style telephone operator
• The fact is there are tons of fibers
underground, but they are not
organized in a way where you can
utilize their full potential
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
11. Drive to autoswitched
network
• Make the network intelligent
• On-demand bandwidth to the edge of the
network
• New applications
– Disaster Recovery
– Distributed SAN
– Data warehousing
• Backup Bunkers (no more tapes)
– Big Pipes on Demand
• Download movies to movie theaters
• Site replication
– Optical VPN
– Grid Computing
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
12. Overview
• Physical technology, devices
• How are optical networks currently
deployed?
• Customer-empowered networks
– New applications, ways of doing business
– How does this change the “big picture”?
– How do we do it?
– What are the challenges? Payoffs?
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
13. Customer empowered nets
• Huge bandwidth to the enterprise
– The curb
– The house
– The desktop
• End hosts can submit requirements to the
network, which can then configure itself to
provide that service
• Issues of APIs, costs, QoS
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
14. Changing the big picture
• Now the converged network looks
different
• Dial-up bandwidth has huge
implications
• Pushing bandwidth to the edges of
the network
– Affects service placement, for example
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
15. Bandwidth at the edges
• Services placed there (ServicePoP)
• Need to connect services to
customers and other services
• Metro networks
– Use of Ethernet as low cost/flexible
mechanism
• Eventually fibers to pcmcia?!
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
16. Protocol and Services on Edge
Devices
Internet
Access Access
Handle
Protocol
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
New
Services
17. ServicePoPs
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
• ServicePoPs act as
intermediary
between service
provider and
customer
• Connectivity between
ServicePoP and
customer more
important than
provider to customer
• Feature is very fast
infrastructure
18. Metro networks
• Interim step: services in servicePoPs
• Tap into fast connections here for
enterprises
• Use of Ethernet as protocol to
connect the enterprise to the MAN
• Avoid need for last mile for certain
applications/services
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
19. Amazon.com–vs-Amazon.co.uk
• One site wants to do a
software upgrade
• Reserve 100Gbps for
outage time
• Send entire database
over at outage time,
reroute all customer
requests to other site
• When outage is over,
transfer all data back
to original site
Amazon.com
Amazon.co.uk
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
20. Movie Distribution
• Each movie theater in
a large area (SF, New
York, Houston)
requests 1 hour of
bandwidth a week
(OC192)
• All movies transferred
during this time
• Efficient use of
expensive but
necessary fat pipe
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
21. New type of businesses
• Data warehousing: no more mailing
tapes
• Have tape vaults with gigabit
connectivity
• Data is sent optically to destination,
where it is written to magnetic tape
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
22. How to do it
• Generalized Multiprotocol Label
Switching (GMPLS)
• UNI: user-to-network interface as
API to specify requirements, service
requests
• NNI: network-to-network interface
acts as API between entities for
service composition/path formation
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
23. How to do it
• Interdomain?
• Wavelength selection/routing
• Exchange info
– Connectivity
– Wavelengths
– Qos, bandwidth requirements
– Switching instructions
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
24. Canarie’s approach
• OBGP (Optical BGP)
• Routers spawn “virtual BGP”
processes that peers can connect to
• By modifying BGP messages, lightpath
information can be traded between
ASes
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
25. OXC
BGP OPEN
OXC
Virtual Router
AS 123
AS 456
AS 123
BGP OPEN
AS 456
BGP OPEN message
sent to router with
information about optical
capabilities
A virtual BGP process is
spawned
A BGP session is
initiated independently
with new BGP process
The virtual process
(running on the router)
configures the OXC to
switch the proper optical
wavelengths
1)
2)
26. What is ASON?
• The Automatic Switched Optical Network
(ASON) is both a framework and a
technology capability.
• As a framework that describes a control
and management architecture for an
automatic switched optical transport
network.
• As a technology, it refers to routing and
signalling protocols applied to an optical
network which enable dynamic path setup.
• Recently changed names to Automatic
Switched Transport Network (G.ASTN)
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
27. Optical Network: Today vs. Tomorrow
Applications Protection Topology Management
- DS3
- STS-n
- STS-nc
- OC-48T, (OC-192T)
- 1GE
- (134Mb/s)
- 140Mb/s
- VC-4
- VC-4-nc
- NUT
- Extra Traffic
- Broadcast
- VC-4-nv
- 10GE
- Flexible i/f
- Billing method
(distance, time, bw,
QoS)
- Asymitric bw
connections
- Point-to-multipoint
- sequential
- 2F/4F BLSR
- Matched Nodes
- Head end ring prot.
- NUT (non-preemptive
unprotected traffic
mixed with protected in
ring/linear)
- Unprotected (extra
traffic)
- Protection SW time
- Clear P =60ms
- With ET=160ms
- MN = 250ms
- Wider range of SLA
capability
- Path diversity verifiable
- Scalable to large NW
size
- 2F/4F BLSR
- Linear
- 1+1
- 1:n
- Path protection
- Mesh
- Port connectivity
- unconstrained
- arbitrary
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
- Provisioned path
connection
- Trail management across
multiple rings
- Multiple product
- Auto discovery of NW
configuration
- Connection provisioning of
paths over unconstrained
line topology
- No pre-provisioning of
connections?
- User signaling i/f for
connection provisioning
- Scalable to very large NW
- Fast connection
establishment <2s
- Resource (bw)
management and
monitoring
Additional
SLA capability
Mesh network Auto connection
& resource mgnt
Optimized IP
application - current
driver for transparent
NW ASON value added
Today
Tomorrow
28. ASON Network Architecture
OCC OCC OCC
GHAT NE: Global High Capacity transport NE
ASON: Automatic Switched Optical Network
OCC: Optical Connection Controller
IrDI: Inter Domain Interface
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
IrDI_NNI
Clients
e.g. IP,
ATM, TDM
IrDI
Interfaces:
UNI: User Network Interface
CCI: Connection Control Interface
NNI: ASON control Node Node Interface
NNI
OCC
ASON control plane
Integrated
Management
GHCT
NE
GHCT
NE
GHCT
NE
Transport Network
Legacy
Network
Clients
e.g. IP,
ATM, TDM
UNI
User
signaling
CCI
29. ASON Layer Hierarchy
Domain
D
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
Network Layer
Domain/Region Layer
Conduit Layer
Fiber Layer
Fibers
Conduit 1
Conduit 2
l Layer
l1
ln
Domain B
Domain
E
Domain
A
Domain
C
Domain
30. Resilient packet ring
(802.17)
• Put lan on top of man
• 50ms protection
•
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
31. The Metro
Bottleneck
Other Sites
Access Metro
End User Access Metro Core
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
OC-192
DWDM n x l
T1
DS1
DS3
Ethernet LAN
LL/FR/ATM
1-40Meg
OC-12
OC-48
IP/DATA
1GigE 1Gig+
10GigE+
32. RPR - Expanding the LAN to the MAN/WAN
LAN
• Low Cost
• Simplicity
• Universality
LAN in
the MAN
Paradigm
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
MAN/WAN
Distributed
Switch
+
• Scalability
• Reach
• Robustness
• Low Cost
• Simplicity
• Universality
36. Move to optical
• The key is to find a way to use the
infrastructure that we have available
in an efficient manner
• What services are available? What
can we do?
• Challenges?
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley
37. The Future is Bright
Feb. 5, 2002 EECS - UC Berkeley