Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through proxy functions. At times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. In some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8341257?dq=US+8341257&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Zm1SVMvBD6OimQXAsYKQDw&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through proxy functions. At times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. In some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8078708?dq=US+8078708&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mnFSVOLRNI2A8QXyt4GgBA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
DWDM-RAM: Enabling Grid Services with Dynamic Optical NetworksTal Lavian Ph.D.
Advances in Grid technology enable the deployment of data-intensive distributed applications, which require moving Terabytes or even Petabytes of data
between data banks. The current underlying networks cannot provide dedicated links with adequate end-to-end sustained bandwidth to support the requirements of these Grid applications. DWDM-RAM1 is a novel service-oriented architecture, which harnesses the enormous bandwidth potential of optical networks and demonstrates their on-demand nsage on the OMNlnet. Preliminary experiments suggest that dynamic optical networks, such as the OMNlnet, are the ideal option for transferring such massive amounts of data. DWDM-RAM incorporates an OGSI/OGSA compliant service interface and will promote greater convergence between dynamic optical networks and data intensive Grid computing.
Method and apparatus for preconditioning data to be transferred on a switched...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
Data may be preconditioned to be transferred on a switched underlay network to alleviate the data access and transfer rate mismatch, so that large files may be effectively transferred on the network at optical networking speeds. A data meta-manager service may be provided on the network to interface a data source and/or data target to prepare a data file for transmission, such as by dividing a large file into multiple pieces and causing those pieces to be stored on multiple storage subsystems. The file may then be read from the multiple storage subsystems simultaneously and multiplexed onto scheduled resources on the network. This enables the high bandwidth transfer resource to be filled by a data transfer without requiring the storage subsystem to be augmented to output the data at the network transfer rate. The file may be de-multiplexed at the data target to one or more storage subsystems.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050076173?dq=20050076173&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2eJVVJShKdPbuQSjsIDoAQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
A novel cache resolution technique for cooperative caching in wireless mobile...csandit
Cooperative caching is used in mobile ad hoc networks to reduce the latency perceived by the
mobile clients while retrieving data and to reduce the traffic load in the network. Caching also
increases the availability of data due to server disconnections. The implementation of a
cooperative caching technique essentially involves four major design considerations (i) cache
placement and resolution, which decides where to place and how to locate the cached data (ii)
Cache admission control which decides the data to be cached (iii) Cache replacement which
makes the replacement decision when the cache is full and (iv) consistency maintenance, i.e.
maintaining consistency between the data in server and cache. In this paper we propose an
effective cache resolution technique, which reduces the number of messages flooded in to the
network to find the requested data. The experimental results gives a promising result based on
the metrics of studies.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8341257?dq=US+8341257&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Zm1SVMvBD6OimQXAsYKQDw&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through proxy functions. At times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. In some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8078708?dq=US+8078708&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mnFSVOLRNI2A8QXyt4GgBA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
DWDM-RAM: Enabling Grid Services with Dynamic Optical NetworksTal Lavian Ph.D.
Advances in Grid technology enable the deployment of data-intensive distributed applications, which require moving Terabytes or even Petabytes of data
between data banks. The current underlying networks cannot provide dedicated links with adequate end-to-end sustained bandwidth to support the requirements of these Grid applications. DWDM-RAM1 is a novel service-oriented architecture, which harnesses the enormous bandwidth potential of optical networks and demonstrates their on-demand nsage on the OMNlnet. Preliminary experiments suggest that dynamic optical networks, such as the OMNlnet, are the ideal option for transferring such massive amounts of data. DWDM-RAM incorporates an OGSI/OGSA compliant service interface and will promote greater convergence between dynamic optical networks and data intensive Grid computing.
Method and apparatus for preconditioning data to be transferred on a switched...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
Data may be preconditioned to be transferred on a switched underlay network to alleviate the data access and transfer rate mismatch, so that large files may be effectively transferred on the network at optical networking speeds. A data meta-manager service may be provided on the network to interface a data source and/or data target to prepare a data file for transmission, such as by dividing a large file into multiple pieces and causing those pieces to be stored on multiple storage subsystems. The file may then be read from the multiple storage subsystems simultaneously and multiplexed onto scheduled resources on the network. This enables the high bandwidth transfer resource to be filled by a data transfer without requiring the storage subsystem to be augmented to output the data at the network transfer rate. The file may be de-multiplexed at the data target to one or more storage subsystems.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050076173?dq=20050076173&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2eJVVJShKdPbuQSjsIDoAQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
A novel cache resolution technique for cooperative caching in wireless mobile...csandit
Cooperative caching is used in mobile ad hoc networks to reduce the latency perceived by the
mobile clients while retrieving data and to reduce the traffic load in the network. Caching also
increases the availability of data due to server disconnections. The implementation of a
cooperative caching technique essentially involves four major design considerations (i) cache
placement and resolution, which decides where to place and how to locate the cached data (ii)
Cache admission control which decides the data to be cached (iii) Cache replacement which
makes the replacement decision when the cache is full and (iv) consistency maintenance, i.e.
maintaining consistency between the data in server and cache. In this paper we propose an
effective cache resolution technique, which reduces the number of messages flooded in to the
network to find the requested data. The experimental results gives a promising result based on
the metrics of studies.
The advent of Big Data has seen the emergence of new processing and storage challenges. These challenges are often solved by distributed processing. Distributed systems are inherently dynamic and unstable, so it is realistic to expect that some resources will fail during use. Load balancing and task scheduling is an important step in determining the performance of parallel applications. Hence the need to design load balancing algorithms adapted to grid computing. In this paper, we propose a dynamic and hierarchical load balancing strategy at two levels: Intrascheduler load balancing, in order to avoid the use of the large-scale communication network, and interscheduler load balancing, for a load regulation of our whole system. The strategy allows improving the average response time of CLOAK-Reduce application tasks with minimal communication. We first focus on the three performance indicators, namely response time, process latency and running time of MapReduce tasks.
Efficient Bandwidth Recycling In Wireless Broadband NetworksIJMER
Abstract: Bandwidth recycling is proliferated in wireless broadband networks, in which IEEE 802.16 standard was
designed to support the bandwidth demanding applications with quality of service (QoS). Bandwidth is reserved for each
application to ensure the QoS. For variable bit rate (VBR) applications, however, it is difficult for the subscriber station (SS)
to predict the amount of incoming data. To ensure the QoS guaranteed services, the SS may reserve more bandwidth than its
demand. As a result, the reserved bandwidth may not be fully utilized all the time. In this paper, we propose a scheme,
named Bandwidth Recycling, to recycle the unused bandwidth without changing the existing bandwidth reservation. The
idea of the proposed scheme is to allow other SSs to utilize the unused bandwidth when it is available. Thus, the system
throughput can be improved while maintaining the same QoS guaranteed services. Mathematical analysis and simulation
are used to evaluate the proposed scheme. Simulation and analysis results confirm that the proposed scheme can recycle
55% of unused bandwidth on average. By analyzing factors affecting the recycling performance, three scheduling algorithms
are proposed to improve the overall throughput. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm improves the
overall throughput by 60% in a steady network. to carry out research object at providing quality of network performance in
Heterogeneous computing environment
Index Terms: QoS, WiMAX, IEEE 802.16, Bandwidth Recycling,
Optical Network Infrastructure for Grid, Draft-ggf-ghpn-opticalnets-1Tal Lavian Ph.D.
During the past years it has become evident to the technical community that
computational resources cannot keep up with the demands generated by some
applications. As an example, particle physics experiments [1,2] produce more data than
can be realistically processed and stored in one location (i.e. several Petabytes/year). In
such situations where intensive computation analysis of shared large scale data is needed,
one can try to use accessible computing resources distributed in different locations
(combined data and computing Grid).
Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time for Wireless Sensor Netw...CSCJournals
Tree-based data aggregation suffers from increased data delivery time because the parents must wait for the data from their leaves. In this paper, we propose an Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) algorithm using Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT) metric. A tree structure is built out from the sink, electing sensors having the highest degree of connectivity as parents; others are considered as leaves. Given the maximum acceptable latency, ETAPT's algorithm takes into account the position of parents, their number of leaves and the depth of the tree, in order to compute an optimal ADAPT time to parents with more leaves, so increasing data aggregation gain and ensuring enough time to process data from leaves. Simulations were performed in order to validate our ETAPT. The results obtained show that our ETAPT provides a higher data aggregation gain, with lower energy consumed and end-to-end delay compared to Aggregation Time Control (ATC) and Data Aggregation Supported by Dynamic Routing (DASDR).
Solution for intra/inter-cluster event-reporting problem in cluster-based pro...IJECEIAES
In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been considered one of the important topics for researchers due to their wide applications in our life. Several researches have been conducted to improve WSNs performance and solve their issues. One of these issues is the energy limitation in WSNs since the source of energy in most WSNs is the battery. Accordingly, various protocols and techniques have been proposed with the intention of reducing power consumption of WSNs and lengthen their lifetime. Cluster-oriented routing protocols are one of the most effective categories of these protocols. In this article, we consider a major issue affecting the performance of this category of protocols, which we call the intra/inter-cluster event-reporting problem (IICERP). We demonstrate that IICERP severely reduces the performance of a cluster-oriented routing protocol, so we suggest an effective Solution for IICERP (SIICERP). To assess SIICERP’s performance, comprehensive simulations were performed to demonstrate the performance of several cluster-oriented protocols without and with SIICERP. Simulation results revealed that SIICERP substantially increases the performance of cluster-oriented routing protocols.
GREEDY CLUSTER BASED ROUTING FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSijcsit
In recent years, applications of wireless sensor networks have evolved in many areas such as target tracking, environmental monitoring, military and medical applications. Wireless sensor network continuously collect and send data through sensor nodes from a specific region to a base station. But, data redundancy due to neighbouring sensors consumes energy, compromising the network lifetime. In order to improve the network lifetime, a novel cluster based local route search method, called, Greedy Clusterbased Routing (GCR) technique in wireless sensor network. The proposed GCR method uses arbitrary timer in order to participate cluster head selection process with maximum neighbour nodes and minimum distance between the source and base station. GCR constructs dynamic routing improving the rate of network lifetime through Mass Proportion value. Also, GCR uses a greedy route finding strategy for
balancing energy consumption. Experimental results show that GCR achieves significant energy savings and prolong network lifetime.
This poster (or slides) describes the main concepts which relate data format (HDF5), metadata, and data organization, as they are being applied to NPOESS. It includes the motivation for selecting HDF5; the motivation and general implementation of FGDC base metadata and remote sensing extensions; and the current attempt to use best experiences with HDF-EOS swath and netCDF Climate & Forecast conventions to guide NPOESS product definition.
A Novel Routing Strategy Towards Achieving Ultra-Low End-to-End Latency in 6G...IJCNCJournal
Compared to 5G, 6G networks will demand even more ambitious reduction in endto-end latency for packet communication. Recent attempts at breaking the barrier of end-to-end millisecond latencies have focused on re-engineering networks using a hybrid approach consisting of an optical-fiber based backbone network architecture coupled with high-speed wireless networks to connect end-devices to the backbone network. In our approach, a wide area network (WAN) is considered with a high-speed optical fiber grid network as its backbone. After messages from a source node enter the backbone network through a local wireless network, these are delivered very fast to an access point in the backbone network closest to the destination node, followed by its transfer to the local wireless network for delivery to the destination node. We propose a novel routing strategy which is based on distributing the messages in the network in such a way that the average queuing delay of the messages through the backbone network is minimized, and also the route discovery time at each router in the backbone network is drastically reduced. Also, multiple messages destined towards a particular destination router in the backbone network are packed together to form a mailbag, allowing further reductions in processing overheads at intermediate routers and pipelining of mailbag formation and route discovery operations in each router. The performance of the proposed approach green based on these ideas has been theoretically analyzed and then simulated using the ns-3 simulator. Our results show that the average end-to-end latency is less than 380 µs (with only 46-79 µs within the backbone network under varying traffic conditions) for a 1 KB packet size, when using a 500 Gbps optical fiber based backbone network laid over a 15 Km × 15 Km area, a 50 Mbps uplink channel from the source to the backbone network, and a 1 Gbps downlink channel from the backbone network to the destination. The significant reduction in end-to-end latency as compared to existing routing solutions clearly demonstrates the potential of our proposed routing strategy for meeting the ultra-low latency requirements of current 5G and future 6G networks, particularly for mobile edge computing (MEC) application scenarios.
A Secure Data Transmission Scheme using Asymmetric Semi-Homomorphic Encryptio...IJAAS Team
The compressive detecting based information accumulation accomplishes with high exactness in information recuperation from less inspection which is available in sensor nodes. In this manner, the existing methods available in the literature diminish the information gathering cost and delays the existence cycle of WSNs. In this paper, a strong achievable security model for sensor network applications was initially proposed. At that point, a secure data collection conspire was displayed based on compressive detecting, which improves the information protection by the asymmetric semi-homomorphic encryption scheme, and decreases the calculation cost by inadequate compressive grid. In this case, particularly the asymmetric mechanism decreases the trouble of mystery key circulation and administration. The proposed homomorphic encryption permits the in-arrange accumulation in cipher domain, and in this manner improves the security and accomplishes the adjustment in system stack. Further, this paper focuses on estimating various network performances such as the calculation cost and correspondence cost, which remunerates the expanding cost caused by the homomorphic encryption. A real time validation on the proposed encryption scheme using AVISPA was additionally performed and the results are satisfactory.
Empirical studies have revealed that a significant amount of energy is lost unnecessarily in the
network architectures, protocols, routers and various other network devices. Thus there is a need for techniques
to obtain green networking in the computer architecture which can lead to energy saving. Green networking is
an emerging phenomenon in the computer industry because of its economic and environmental benefits. Saving
energy leads to cost-cutting and lower emission of greenhouse gases which are apparently one of the major
threats to the environment. ’Greening’ as the name suggests is the process of constructing network architecture
in such a way so as to avoid unnecessary loss of power and energy due its various components and can be
implemented using various techniques out of which four are mentioned in this review paper, namely Adaptive
link rate (ALR), Dynamic Voltage and Frequency scaling(DVFS), Interface proxying and energy aware
applications and software.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20140012991?dq=US+20140012991&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JrZXVJmkEIaJuASAzILwDw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for automated negotiation for resources on a switched un...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
A resource negotiation service is provided to enable business logic decisions to be made when obtaining switched underlay network resources, to interface business logic with network conditions and schedules. The resource negotiation service may be implemented as a web service or other network service to enable business logic to be used in the selection of available network resources. This may allow policy to be used on both the subscriber side and the network provider side to optimize network resource allocations for a proposed transfer. The policy may include subscriber policy, network policy, and other factors such as current and expected network conditions. The resource negotiation service may include an interface to enable existing subscribers and new customers to obtain switched underlay resources.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050076339?dq=20050076339&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8eFVVKDeHsOIuAT2soCAAg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for using documents written in a markup language to acce...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An XML accessible network device is capable of performing functions in response to an XML encoded request transmitted over a network. It includes a network data transfer service, coupled to a network, that is capable of receiving XML encoded requests from a client also connected to the network. An XML engine is capable of understanding and parsing the XML encoded requests according to a corresponding DTD. The XML engine further instantiates a service using parameters provided in the XML encoded request and launches the service for execution on the network device. A set of device APIs interacts with hardware and software on the network device for executing the requested service on the network device. If necessary, a response is further collected from the device and provided to the client in a response message.
https://www.google.com/patents/US7313608?dq=US+7313608&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9nVSVO3GIIKB8QW19oDgDQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
According to a new Gartner report1, “Around 10% of enterprise-generated data is created and processed outside a traditional centralized data center or cloud. By 2022, Gartner predicts this
figure will reach 75%”. In addition to hosting new 5G era services, the other major network operator driver for edge compute and edge clouds is deploying virtualized network infrastructure, replacing many dedicated hardware-based elements with virtual network functions (VNFs) running on general purpose edge compute. Even portions of access networks are being virtualized, and many of these functions need to be deployed close to end users. The combination of these infrastructure and applications drivers is a major reason that so much of 5G era network transformation resolves around edge cloud distribution.
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay networkTal Lavian Ph.D.
A method and apparatus for resource scheduling on a switched underlay network enables coordination, scheduling, and scheduling optimization to take place taking into account the availability of the data and the network resources comprising the switched underlay network. Requested transfers may be fulfilled by assessing the requested transfer parameters, the availability of the network resources required to fulfill the request, the availability of the data to be transferred, the availability of sufficient storage resources to receive the data, and other potentially conflicting requested transfers. In one embodiment, the requests are under-constrained to enable transfer scheduling optimization to occur. The under-constrained nature of the requests enables requests to be scheduled taking into account factors such as transfer priority, transfer duration, the amount of time it has been since the transfer request was submitted, and many other factors.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050076336?dq=20050076336&hl=en&sa=X&ei=e-JVVOb3J8G0uATNmILgAQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Implementing K-Out-Of-N Computing For Fault Tolerant Processing In Mobile and...IJERA Editor
Despite the advances in hardware for hand-held mobile devices, resource-intensive applications (e.g., video and imagestorage and processing or map-reduce type) still remain off bounds since they require large computation and storage capabilities.Recent research has attempted to address these issues by employing remote servers, such as clouds and peer mobile devices.For mobile devices deployed in dynamic networks (i.e., with frequent topology changes because of node failure/unavailability andmobility as in a mobile cloud), however, challenges of reliability and energy efficiency remain largely unaddressed. To the best of ourknowledge, we are the first to address these challenges in an integrated manner for both data storage and processing in mobilecloud, an approach we call k-out-of-n computing. In our solution, mobile devices successfully retrieve or process data, in the mostenergy-efficient way, as long as k out of n remote servers are accessible. Through a real system implementation we prove the feasibilityof our approach. Extensive simulations demonstrate the fault tolerance and energy efficiency performance of our framework in largerscale networks.
The advent of Big Data has seen the emergence of new processing and storage challenges. These challenges are often solved by distributed processing. Distributed systems are inherently dynamic and unstable, so it is realistic to expect that some resources will fail during use. Load balancing and task scheduling is an important step in determining the performance of parallel applications. Hence the need to design load balancing algorithms adapted to grid computing. In this paper, we propose a dynamic and hierarchical load balancing strategy at two levels: Intrascheduler load balancing, in order to avoid the use of the large-scale communication network, and interscheduler load balancing, for a load regulation of our whole system. The strategy allows improving the average response time of CLOAK-Reduce application tasks with minimal communication. We first focus on the three performance indicators, namely response time, process latency and running time of MapReduce tasks.
Efficient Bandwidth Recycling In Wireless Broadband NetworksIJMER
Abstract: Bandwidth recycling is proliferated in wireless broadband networks, in which IEEE 802.16 standard was
designed to support the bandwidth demanding applications with quality of service (QoS). Bandwidth is reserved for each
application to ensure the QoS. For variable bit rate (VBR) applications, however, it is difficult for the subscriber station (SS)
to predict the amount of incoming data. To ensure the QoS guaranteed services, the SS may reserve more bandwidth than its
demand. As a result, the reserved bandwidth may not be fully utilized all the time. In this paper, we propose a scheme,
named Bandwidth Recycling, to recycle the unused bandwidth without changing the existing bandwidth reservation. The
idea of the proposed scheme is to allow other SSs to utilize the unused bandwidth when it is available. Thus, the system
throughput can be improved while maintaining the same QoS guaranteed services. Mathematical analysis and simulation
are used to evaluate the proposed scheme. Simulation and analysis results confirm that the proposed scheme can recycle
55% of unused bandwidth on average. By analyzing factors affecting the recycling performance, three scheduling algorithms
are proposed to improve the overall throughput. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm improves the
overall throughput by 60% in a steady network. to carry out research object at providing quality of network performance in
Heterogeneous computing environment
Index Terms: QoS, WiMAX, IEEE 802.16, Bandwidth Recycling,
Optical Network Infrastructure for Grid, Draft-ggf-ghpn-opticalnets-1Tal Lavian Ph.D.
During the past years it has become evident to the technical community that
computational resources cannot keep up with the demands generated by some
applications. As an example, particle physics experiments [1,2] produce more data than
can be realistically processed and stored in one location (i.e. several Petabytes/year). In
such situations where intensive computation analysis of shared large scale data is needed,
one can try to use accessible computing resources distributed in different locations
(combined data and computing Grid).
Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time for Wireless Sensor Netw...CSCJournals
Tree-based data aggregation suffers from increased data delivery time because the parents must wait for the data from their leaves. In this paper, we propose an Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) algorithm using Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT) metric. A tree structure is built out from the sink, electing sensors having the highest degree of connectivity as parents; others are considered as leaves. Given the maximum acceptable latency, ETAPT's algorithm takes into account the position of parents, their number of leaves and the depth of the tree, in order to compute an optimal ADAPT time to parents with more leaves, so increasing data aggregation gain and ensuring enough time to process data from leaves. Simulations were performed in order to validate our ETAPT. The results obtained show that our ETAPT provides a higher data aggregation gain, with lower energy consumed and end-to-end delay compared to Aggregation Time Control (ATC) and Data Aggregation Supported by Dynamic Routing (DASDR).
Solution for intra/inter-cluster event-reporting problem in cluster-based pro...IJECEIAES
In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been considered one of the important topics for researchers due to their wide applications in our life. Several researches have been conducted to improve WSNs performance and solve their issues. One of these issues is the energy limitation in WSNs since the source of energy in most WSNs is the battery. Accordingly, various protocols and techniques have been proposed with the intention of reducing power consumption of WSNs and lengthen their lifetime. Cluster-oriented routing protocols are one of the most effective categories of these protocols. In this article, we consider a major issue affecting the performance of this category of protocols, which we call the intra/inter-cluster event-reporting problem (IICERP). We demonstrate that IICERP severely reduces the performance of a cluster-oriented routing protocol, so we suggest an effective Solution for IICERP (SIICERP). To assess SIICERP’s performance, comprehensive simulations were performed to demonstrate the performance of several cluster-oriented protocols without and with SIICERP. Simulation results revealed that SIICERP substantially increases the performance of cluster-oriented routing protocols.
GREEDY CLUSTER BASED ROUTING FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSijcsit
In recent years, applications of wireless sensor networks have evolved in many areas such as target tracking, environmental monitoring, military and medical applications. Wireless sensor network continuously collect and send data through sensor nodes from a specific region to a base station. But, data redundancy due to neighbouring sensors consumes energy, compromising the network lifetime. In order to improve the network lifetime, a novel cluster based local route search method, called, Greedy Clusterbased Routing (GCR) technique in wireless sensor network. The proposed GCR method uses arbitrary timer in order to participate cluster head selection process with maximum neighbour nodes and minimum distance between the source and base station. GCR constructs dynamic routing improving the rate of network lifetime through Mass Proportion value. Also, GCR uses a greedy route finding strategy for
balancing energy consumption. Experimental results show that GCR achieves significant energy savings and prolong network lifetime.
This poster (or slides) describes the main concepts which relate data format (HDF5), metadata, and data organization, as they are being applied to NPOESS. It includes the motivation for selecting HDF5; the motivation and general implementation of FGDC base metadata and remote sensing extensions; and the current attempt to use best experiences with HDF-EOS swath and netCDF Climate & Forecast conventions to guide NPOESS product definition.
A Novel Routing Strategy Towards Achieving Ultra-Low End-to-End Latency in 6G...IJCNCJournal
Compared to 5G, 6G networks will demand even more ambitious reduction in endto-end latency for packet communication. Recent attempts at breaking the barrier of end-to-end millisecond latencies have focused on re-engineering networks using a hybrid approach consisting of an optical-fiber based backbone network architecture coupled with high-speed wireless networks to connect end-devices to the backbone network. In our approach, a wide area network (WAN) is considered with a high-speed optical fiber grid network as its backbone. After messages from a source node enter the backbone network through a local wireless network, these are delivered very fast to an access point in the backbone network closest to the destination node, followed by its transfer to the local wireless network for delivery to the destination node. We propose a novel routing strategy which is based on distributing the messages in the network in such a way that the average queuing delay of the messages through the backbone network is minimized, and also the route discovery time at each router in the backbone network is drastically reduced. Also, multiple messages destined towards a particular destination router in the backbone network are packed together to form a mailbag, allowing further reductions in processing overheads at intermediate routers and pipelining of mailbag formation and route discovery operations in each router. The performance of the proposed approach green based on these ideas has been theoretically analyzed and then simulated using the ns-3 simulator. Our results show that the average end-to-end latency is less than 380 µs (with only 46-79 µs within the backbone network under varying traffic conditions) for a 1 KB packet size, when using a 500 Gbps optical fiber based backbone network laid over a 15 Km × 15 Km area, a 50 Mbps uplink channel from the source to the backbone network, and a 1 Gbps downlink channel from the backbone network to the destination. The significant reduction in end-to-end latency as compared to existing routing solutions clearly demonstrates the potential of our proposed routing strategy for meeting the ultra-low latency requirements of current 5G and future 6G networks, particularly for mobile edge computing (MEC) application scenarios.
A Secure Data Transmission Scheme using Asymmetric Semi-Homomorphic Encryptio...IJAAS Team
The compressive detecting based information accumulation accomplishes with high exactness in information recuperation from less inspection which is available in sensor nodes. In this manner, the existing methods available in the literature diminish the information gathering cost and delays the existence cycle of WSNs. In this paper, a strong achievable security model for sensor network applications was initially proposed. At that point, a secure data collection conspire was displayed based on compressive detecting, which improves the information protection by the asymmetric semi-homomorphic encryption scheme, and decreases the calculation cost by inadequate compressive grid. In this case, particularly the asymmetric mechanism decreases the trouble of mystery key circulation and administration. The proposed homomorphic encryption permits the in-arrange accumulation in cipher domain, and in this manner improves the security and accomplishes the adjustment in system stack. Further, this paper focuses on estimating various network performances such as the calculation cost and correspondence cost, which remunerates the expanding cost caused by the homomorphic encryption. A real time validation on the proposed encryption scheme using AVISPA was additionally performed and the results are satisfactory.
Empirical studies have revealed that a significant amount of energy is lost unnecessarily in the
network architectures, protocols, routers and various other network devices. Thus there is a need for techniques
to obtain green networking in the computer architecture which can lead to energy saving. Green networking is
an emerging phenomenon in the computer industry because of its economic and environmental benefits. Saving
energy leads to cost-cutting and lower emission of greenhouse gases which are apparently one of the major
threats to the environment. ’Greening’ as the name suggests is the process of constructing network architecture
in such a way so as to avoid unnecessary loss of power and energy due its various components and can be
implemented using various techniques out of which four are mentioned in this review paper, namely Adaptive
link rate (ALR), Dynamic Voltage and Frequency scaling(DVFS), Interface proxying and energy aware
applications and software.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20140012991?dq=US+20140012991&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JrZXVJmkEIaJuASAzILwDw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for automated negotiation for resources on a switched un...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
A resource negotiation service is provided to enable business logic decisions to be made when obtaining switched underlay network resources, to interface business logic with network conditions and schedules. The resource negotiation service may be implemented as a web service or other network service to enable business logic to be used in the selection of available network resources. This may allow policy to be used on both the subscriber side and the network provider side to optimize network resource allocations for a proposed transfer. The policy may include subscriber policy, network policy, and other factors such as current and expected network conditions. The resource negotiation service may include an interface to enable existing subscribers and new customers to obtain switched underlay resources.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050076339?dq=20050076339&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8eFVVKDeHsOIuAT2soCAAg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for using documents written in a markup language to acce...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An XML accessible network device is capable of performing functions in response to an XML encoded request transmitted over a network. It includes a network data transfer service, coupled to a network, that is capable of receiving XML encoded requests from a client also connected to the network. An XML engine is capable of understanding and parsing the XML encoded requests according to a corresponding DTD. The XML engine further instantiates a service using parameters provided in the XML encoded request and launches the service for execution on the network device. A set of device APIs interacts with hardware and software on the network device for executing the requested service on the network device. If necessary, a response is further collected from the device and provided to the client in a response message.
https://www.google.com/patents/US7313608?dq=US+7313608&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9nVSVO3GIIKB8QW19oDgDQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
According to a new Gartner report1, “Around 10% of enterprise-generated data is created and processed outside a traditional centralized data center or cloud. By 2022, Gartner predicts this
figure will reach 75%”. In addition to hosting new 5G era services, the other major network operator driver for edge compute and edge clouds is deploying virtualized network infrastructure, replacing many dedicated hardware-based elements with virtual network functions (VNFs) running on general purpose edge compute. Even portions of access networks are being virtualized, and many of these functions need to be deployed close to end users. The combination of these infrastructure and applications drivers is a major reason that so much of 5G era network transformation resolves around edge cloud distribution.
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay networkTal Lavian Ph.D.
A method and apparatus for resource scheduling on a switched underlay network enables coordination, scheduling, and scheduling optimization to take place taking into account the availability of the data and the network resources comprising the switched underlay network. Requested transfers may be fulfilled by assessing the requested transfer parameters, the availability of the network resources required to fulfill the request, the availability of the data to be transferred, the availability of sufficient storage resources to receive the data, and other potentially conflicting requested transfers. In one embodiment, the requests are under-constrained to enable transfer scheduling optimization to occur. The under-constrained nature of the requests enables requests to be scheduled taking into account factors such as transfer priority, transfer duration, the amount of time it has been since the transfer request was submitted, and many other factors.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050076336?dq=20050076336&hl=en&sa=X&ei=e-JVVOb3J8G0uATNmILgAQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Implementing K-Out-Of-N Computing For Fault Tolerant Processing In Mobile and...IJERA Editor
Despite the advances in hardware for hand-held mobile devices, resource-intensive applications (e.g., video and imagestorage and processing or map-reduce type) still remain off bounds since they require large computation and storage capabilities.Recent research has attempted to address these issues by employing remote servers, such as clouds and peer mobile devices.For mobile devices deployed in dynamic networks (i.e., with frequent topology changes because of node failure/unavailability andmobility as in a mobile cloud), however, challenges of reliability and energy efficiency remain largely unaddressed. To the best of ourknowledge, we are the first to address these challenges in an integrated manner for both data storage and processing in mobilecloud, an approach we call k-out-of-n computing. In our solution, mobile devices successfully retrieve or process data, in the mostenergy-efficient way, as long as k out of n remote servers are accessible. Through a real system implementation we prove the feasibilityof our approach. Extensive simulations demonstrate the fault tolerance and energy efficiency performance of our framework in largerscale networks.
SECURE THIRD PARTY AUDITOR (TPA) FOR ENSURING DATA INTEGRITY IN FOG COMPUTINGIJNSA Journal
Fog computing is an extended version of Cloud computing. It minimizes the latency by incorporating Fog servers as intermediates between Cloud Server and users. It also provides services similar to Cloud like Storage, Computation and resources utilization and security.Fog systems are capable of processing large amounts of data locally, operate on-premise, are fully portable, and can be installed on the heterogeneous hardware. These features make the Fog platform highly suitable for time and location-sensitive applications. For example, the Internet of Things (IoT) devices isrequired to quickly process a large amount of data. The Significance of enterprise data and increased access rates from low-resource terminal devices demands for reliable and low- cost authentication protocols. Lots of researchers have proposed authentication protocols with varied efficiencies.As a part of our contribution, we propose a protocol to ensure data integrity which is best suited for fog computing environment.
SECURE THIRD PARTY AUDITOR (TPA) FOR ENSURING DATA INTEGRITY IN FOG COMPUTINGIJNSA Journal
Fog computing is an extended version of Cloud computing. It minimizes the latency by incorporating Fog servers as intermediates between Cloud Server and users. It also provides services similar to Cloud like Storage, Computation and resources utilization and security.Fog systems are capable of processing large amounts of data locally, operate on-premise, are fully portable, and can be installed on the heterogeneous hardware. These features make the Fog platform highly suitable for time and location-sensitive applications. For example, the Internet of Things (IoT) devices isrequired to quickly process a large amount of data. The Significance of enterprise data and increased access rates from low-resource terminal devices demands for reliable and low- cost authentication protocols. Lots of researchers have proposed authentication protocols with varied efficiencies.As a part of our contribution, we propose a protocol to ensure data integrity which is best suited for fog computing environment.
A Platform for Large-Scale Grid Data Service on Dynamic High-Performance Netw...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
Data intensive Grid applications often deal with multiple terabytes and even petabytes of data. For them to be effectively deployed over distances, it is crucial that Grid infrastructures learn how to best exploit high-performance networks
(such as agile optical networks). The network footprint of these Grid applications show pronounced peaks and valleys in utilization, prompting for a radical overhaul of traditional network provisioning styles such as peak-provisioning, point-and-click or operator-assisted provisioning. A Grid stack must become capable to dynamically orchestrate a complex set of variables related to application requirements, data services, and network provisioning services, all within a rapidly and continually changing environment. Presented here is a platform that addresses some of these issues. This service platform closely integrates a set of large-scale data services with those for dynamic bandwidth allocation, through a network resource middleware service, using an OGSA-compliant interface allowing direct access by external applications. Recently, this platform has been implemented as an experimental research prototype on a unique wide area optical networking testbed incorporating state-of-the-art photonic
components. The paper, which presents initial results of research conducted on this prototype, indicates that these methods have the potential to address multiple major challenges related to data intensive applications. Given the complexities of this topic, especially where scheduling is required, only selected aspects of this platform are considered in this paper.
Network resources allocated for particular application traffic are aware of the characteristics of L4+ content to be transmitted. One embodiment of the invention realizes network resource allocation in terms of three intelligent modules, gateway, provisioning and classification. A gateway module exerts network control functions in response to application requests for network resources. The network control functions include traffic path setup, bandwidth allocation and so on. Characteristics of the content are also specified in the received application network resource requests. Under request of the gateway module, a provisioning module allocates network resources such as bandwidth in optical networks and edge devices as well. An optical network resource allocation leads to a provisioning optical route. Under request of the gateway module, a classification module differentiates applications traffic according to content specifications, and thus creates and applies content-aware rule data for edge devices to forward content-specified traffic towards respective provisioning optical routes.
https://www.google.com/patents/US7580349?dq=US+7580349&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DXVSVID-EoTc8AW-_IDwBw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Grid computing or network computing is developed to make the available electric power in the similar way
as it is available for the grid. For that we just plug in the power and whoever needs power, may use it. In
grid computing if a system needs more power than available it can share the computing with other
machines connected in a grid. In this way we can use the power of a super computer without a huge cost
and the CPU cycles that were wasted previously can also be utilized. For performing grid computation in
joined computers through the internet, the software must be installed which supports grid computation on
each computer inside the VO. The software handles information queries, storage management, processing
scheduling, authentication and data encryption to ensure information security.
3G Drive Test Analysis for Long Call in University Campusijtsrd
Mobile communication is developing very rapidly with passage of time, new technologies are being introduced to facilitate the mobile user more from the technology. The past technologies are replaced by new ones and needs are growing for the new technologies to be developed. Just within a decade, an evolution of wireless service people used every day can be completely dumb founded from the roots of analog based first generation service 1G to today's truly broadband ready fourth generation networks. Drive Test is conducted for checking coverage criteria of a cell site with RF Drive Test tool. The data collected by Drive Test tool as log files is analyzed to evaluate various RF parameters of the network. And it's very important things for mobile service provider. This paper is to study about the analysis of long call Drive Test for third generation 3G networks to evaluate the performance of QoS Quality of Service using TEMS Investigation 16.3.3 software and TEMS Discovery 10.0.6 software. Aye Myat Myat Myo | Zar Chi Soe "3G Drive Test Analysis for Long Call in University Campus" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26777.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26777/3g-drive-test-analysis-for-long-call-in-university-campus/aye-myat-myat-myo
Similar to Grid proxy architecture for network resources (20)
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Embodiments of the present invention present a method and apparatus for photonic line sharing for high-speed routers. Photonic switches receive high-speed optical data streams and produce the data streams to a router operating according to routing logic and produce optical data streams according to destination addresses stored in the data packets. Each photonic switch can be configured as one of a 1:N multiplexer or an M:N cross-connect switch. In one embodiment, optical data is converted to electrical data prior to routing, while an alternate embodiment routes only optical data. Another embodiment transfers large volumes of high-speed data through an optical bypass line in a circuit switched network to bypass the switch fabric thereby routing the data packets directly to the destination. An edge device selects one of the packet switched network or the circuit switched network. The bypass resources are released when the large volume of high-speed data is transferred.
Systems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a networkTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide for providing support for sharing and exchanging in a network. The system includes a memory coupled to a processor. The memory includes a database comprising information corresponding to first users and the second users. Each of the first users and the second users are facilitated for sharing or exchanging activity, service or product, based on one or more conditions corresponding thereto. Further, the memory includes one or more instructions executable by the processor to match each of the first users to at least one of the second users. Furthermore, the instructions may inform each of the first users about the match with the at least one of the second users when all the conditions are met by the at least one second user based on the information corresponding to each of the second users.
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menuTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for generating an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) database, the system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory comprising a list of telephone numbers associated with one or more destinations implementing IVR menus, wherein the one or more destinations are grouped based on a plurality of categories of the IVR menus. Further the memory includes instructions executable by said processor for automatically communicating with the one of more destinations, and receiving at least one customization record from said at least one destination to store in the IVR database.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Systems and methods for electronic communicationsTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for enhancing user interaction with the Internet of Things. The system includes a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory includes a database having one or more options corresponding to each of the Internet of Things. The memory further includes instructions executable by the processor to share at least one of the one or more options with one or more users of the things. Further, the instructions receive information corresponding to selection of the at least one option by the one or more users. Additionally, the instructions update the database based on the selection of the at least one option by the one or more users. Further, a device for enhancing interaction with the things is also disclosed.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An object detection system for autonomous vehicle, comprising a radar unit and at least one ultra-low phase noise frequency synthesizer, is provided. The radar unit configured for detecting the presence and characteristics of one or more objects in various directions. The radar unit may include a transmitter for transmitting at least one radio signal; and a receiver for receiving the at least one radio signal returned from the one or more objects. The ultra-low phase noise frequency synthesizer may utilize Clocking device, Sampling Reference PLL, at least one fixed frequency divider, DDS and main PLL to reduce phase noise from the returned radio signal. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art Radar Systems by providing much lower level of phase noise which would result in improved performance of the radar system in terms of target detection, characterization etc. Further, a method for autonomous vehicle is also disclosed.
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay networkTal Lavian Ph.D.
A method and apparatus for resource scheduling on a switched underlay network (18) enables coordination, scheduling, and scheduling optimization to take place taking into account the availability of the data and the network resources comprising the switched underlay network (18). Requested transfers may be fulfilled by assessing the requested transfer parameters, the availability of the network resources required to fulfill the request, the availability of the data to be transferred, the availability of sufficient storage resources to receive the data, and other potentially conflicting requested transfers. In one embodiment, the requests are under-constrained to enable transfer scheduling optimization to occur. The under-constrained nature of the requests enable transfer scheduling optimization to occur. The under-constrained nature of the requests enables requests to be scheduled taking into account factors such as transfer priority, transfer duration, the amount of time it has been since the transfer request was submitted, and many other factors.
Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An apparatus and method for dynamic assignment of classes of traffic to a priority queue. Bandwidth consumption by one or more types of packet traffic received in the packet forwarding device is monitored to determine whether the bandwidth consumption exceeds a threshold. If the bandwidth consumption exceeds the threshold, assignment of at least one type of packet traffic of the one or more types of packet traffic is changed from a queue having a first priority to a queue having a second priority.
Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An XML accessible network device is capable of performing functions in response to an XML encoded request transmitted over a network. It includes a network data transfer service, coupled to a network, that is capable of receiving XML encoded requests from a client also connected to the network. A service engine is capable of understanding and parsing the XML encoded requests according to a corresponding DTD. The service engine further instantiates a service using parameters provided in the XML encoded request and launches the service for execution on the network device in accordance with a command design parameter. A set of device APIs interacts with hardware and software on the network device for executing the requested service on the network device. If necessary, a response is further collected from the device and provided to the client in a response message.
Embodiments of the invention provide means to the users of the system to provide ratings and corresponding feedback for enhancing the genuineness in the ratings. The system includes a memory coupled to a processor. The memory includes one or more instructions executable by the processor to enable the users of the system to rate each other based on at least one of sharing, exchanging, and selling one of activity, service or product. The system may provide a mechanism to encourage genuineness in ratings provided by the users. Furthermore, the instructions facilitate the rating receivers to provide feedbacks corresponding to the received ratings. The feedback includes accepting or objecting to a particular rating. Moreover, the memory includes instructions executable by the processor to enable the system to determine genuineness of an objection raised by a rating receiver.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a system for enhancing reliability in computation of ratings provided by a user over a social network. The system comprises of a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory further comprises a rater score database, a satisfaction database, a social network registration database, a user profile database, and a plurality of instruction executable by the processor. Said instructions in the memory are enabled to accept a message from at least one user wherein said message comprises a satisfaction score associated with at least one service provider and to retrieve a rater score associated with said at least one user from said rater score database. Further, the memory includes instructions in order to compute a new satisfaction score based on said rater score and said satisfaction score and update said satisfaction database to include said new satisfaction score. In a similar manner, the new satisfaction score can be computed based upon the information stored in the social network registration database and user profile database.
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menuTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for generating an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) database, the system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory comprising a list of telephone numbers associated with one or more destinations implementing IVR menus, wherein the one or more destinations are grouped based on a plurality of categories of the IVR menus. Further the memory includes instructions executable by said processor for automatically communicating with the one of more destinations, and receiving at least one customization record from said at least one destination to store in the IVR database.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Systens and Methods For Electronic CommunicationTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for enhancing user interaction with the Internet of Things in a network. The system includes a processor, and a memory. The memory includes a database including one or more options corresponding to each of the Internet of Things. Further, the memory includes instructions executable by the processor for providing the options to a user for enabling the user to select at least one option therefrom. Further, the instructions create a visual menu based on information corresponding to selection of the at least one option. The visual menu includes one or more objects corresponding to the Internet of Things. Furthermore, the instructions receive a rating for the visual menu from one or more second users of the Internet of Things. Additionally, instructions customize the visual menu based on the received rating.
Systems and Methods for Visual Presentation and Selection of IVR MenuTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for generating an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) database, the system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory comprising a list of telephone numbers associated with one or more destinations implementing IVR menus, wherein the one or more destinations are grouped based on a plurality of categories of the IVR menus. Further the memory includes instructions executable by said processor for automatically communicating with the one of more destinations, and receiving at least one customization record from said at least one destination to store in the IVR database.
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1. (12) United States Patent
Wang et al.
US009184989B2
US 9,184,989 B2
*Nov. 10, 2015
(10) Patent No.:
(45) Date of Patent:
(54) GRID PROXY ARCHITECTURE FOR
NETWORK RESOURCES
(71) Applicant: Microsoft Technology Licensing,
Redmond, WA (US)
(72) Inventors: Phil Wang, Nepean, CA (US);
Indermohan Monga,Acton, MA (US);
Tal Lavian, Sunnyvale, CA (US);
Ramesh Durairaj, Santa Clara, CA
(US); Franco Travostino, Arlington,
MA (US)
(73) Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC,
Redmond, WA (US)
(*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
patent is extended or adjusted under 35
U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
This patent is Subject to a terminal dis
claimer.
(21) Appl. No.: 14/532,990
(22) Filed: Nov. 4, 2014
(65) Prior Publication Data
US 2015/0058490 A1 Feb. 26, 2015
Related U.S. Application Data
(63) Continuation ofapplication No. 13/725,646, filed on
Dec. 21, 2012, now Pat. No. 8,898.274, which is a
continuation ofapplication No. 13/295.283, filed on
Nov. 14, 2011, now Pat. No. 8,341,257, which is a
(Continued)
(51) Int. Cl.
H04L 2/24 (2006.01)
G06F 9/50 (2006.01)
H04L 2/9II (2013.01)
(52) U.S. Cl.
CPC ............ H04L 4I/0803 (2013.01); G06F 9/505
(2013.01); H04L 47/70 (2013.01)
GridManagemen
BM 124 .
441
: Tnam C - - - -
(58) Field ofClassification Search
CPC ....................................................... HO4L 47/70
USPC .......... 709/201, 220, 223, 224, 217, 219, 203
Seeapplication file forcomplete search history.
(56) References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
5,329,619 A * 7/1994 Page et al...................... TO9,203
7,171470 B2 1/2007 Doyle et al.
(Continued)
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
“Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 11/018,997, Jun. 30, 2009, 7
page.
“Non-Final OfficeAction”, U.S. Appl. No. 11/018,997, Jan. 6, 2009,
6 pages.
“Non-Final OfficeAction”, U.S. Appl. No. 11/018,997, Jan. 9, 2008,
5 pages.
(Continued)
Primary Examiner— Lashonda Jacobs
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm —JudyYee; Micky Minhas
(57) ABSTRACT
Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access
resources shared in communication network domains. Grid
Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges
Grid services serving userapplications and networkservices
controlling network devices through proxy functions. At
times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers
(NSP) in networkdomains to discover, negotiate andallocate
network resources for Grid applications. An elected master
NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents
the whole network to share network resources to Grids with
outGridinvolvementofnetworkdevices. GPANprovidesthe
Grid Proxy service (GPS)to interface with Grid servicesand
applications, andthe Grid Delegation service (GDS)to inter
face with network services to utilize network resources. In
Some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be
employed forthe GPAN proxy communication.
20 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets
c Computing 102
Computing 104
2. US 9,184,989 B2
Page 2
Related U.S. Application Data OTHER PUBLICATIONS
continuation ofapplication No. 11/018.997, filed on Non-FinalOfficeAction”,U.S.Appl.No. 11/018.997,Apr.2,2010,
Dec. 21, 2004, now Pat. No. 8,078,708. 6 pages.
(60) Provisional application No. 60/536,668, filed on Jan. Negotice Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 11/018,997, Apr. 11,
15, 2004. “Non-FinalOfficeAction”,U.S.Appl. No. 11/018,997,Jul. 21, 2008,
6 pages.
(56) References Cited “Non-Final OfficeAction”,U.S. Appl. No. 1 1/018,997, Oct. 7, 2009,
6 pages.
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS “Non-FinalOfficeAction”,U.S.Appl. No. 11/018,997,Nov. 2, 2010,
6 pages.ck
23 E. S. E.O. E. Non-FinalOfficeAction",U.S.Appl.No.13,295,283,Jan.4,2012,8,078,708 B1 12/2011 Wang 6 pages.
8,341.257 B1 12/2012 Wang et al. “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 13/295,283, Apr. 30,
8,898.274 B2 11/2014 Wang et al. 2012, 6 pages.
2004/0015977 A1 1/2004 Benke etal. .................. T18,105 “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,646, Jan. 17,
2004/0268293 Al 12/2004 Woodgeard 2014, 5 pages.
2005/0027785 A1* 2,2005 BOZak et al. .................. TO9/200 “Non-Final Office Action”, U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,646, Nov. 12,
2005, 0074529 A1* 4,2005 Cohen et al. 426/106 2013, 4 pages.
2005/0076173 A1* 4,2005 Merrill et al. 299 “NoticeofAllowance”, U.S. Appl. No. 11/018,997,Aug. 5,2011, 5
2005/0076336 A1* 4,2005 Cutrell et al. 718/100 pages
ck
2839. A 3.93 MEtal or 7' NoticeofAllowance",U.S.Appl.No.13,295,283,Aug.24,2012.4
2006/0149842 A1 7/2006 Dawson et al. pages. s
2006, O168584 A1 7/2006 Dawson et al. Notice ofAllowance U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,646, Jul. 25, 2014, 4
2007/0079004 A1 4/2007 Tatemura et al. pageS.
2008/O123668 A1 5, 2008 Tan et al.
2014/0012991 A1 1/2014 Wang * cited by examiner
6. US 9,184,989 B2
1.
GRD PROXY ARCHITECTURE FOR
NETWORK RESOURCES
RELATED APPLICATIONS
Thisapplication isacontinuation of,andclaims priorityto,
U.S. Pat. No. 8,898.274, filed Dec. 21, 2012, which is a
continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S. Pat. No. 8,341,
257, filed Nov. 14, 2011, entitled GRID PROXY ARCHI
TECTURE FOR NETWORK RESOURCES. U.S. Pat No.
8.341.257 is a continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S.
Pat. No. 8,078,708, filed Dec. 21, 2004, entitled GRID
PROXY ARCHITECTURE FOR NETWORK
RESOURCES, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Patent Application Ser. No. 60/536,668 entitled GRID
PROXY ARCHITECTURE FOR NETWORK
RESOURCES, filed Jan. 15, 2004, the entireties ofeach are
incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
Grid networks are emerging as the “killer application of
next-generation networks through the building of overlay
networks upon existing network infrastructures for the pur
poses ofnetwork-wide computing and data collaboration. In
aGrid network,whichisalsoknownasa virtual organization,
Grid nodes are distributed widely in the physical networks
and share their available hardware and software resources
Suchas CPU, storage, data mining,and visualization centers.
Theresourcesharingisactuallyprovidedby theGridservices
running on Grid nodes. Those Grid services form the Grid
overlay overthe Grid nodes as they function underthe same
Grid rule.
According to the available services and resources, a Grid
userdistributesportionsofhis/herapplicationtaskintheGrid
nodesandputsthose services and resources togetherto com
plete the user task with very high performance. Benefits of
this technology include preventing resource wasting in the
network and saving the user capital expenditure on equip
ment. Typical use cases ofGrids include data-intensive and
computation-intensive business tasks such as enterprise con
current product design, utility computing, large-scale data
synchronization, and many high-performance computations
including nuclear energy simulations and long-term global
weather forecasting.
Distributed computing in general, and grid computing in
particular, is desirable because complex and resource-inten
sive computing tasks can be accomplished without purchas
ing and maintaining costly Super-computers. Rather, rela
tively small portions of the overall computing task can be
distributed among multiple computers and devices of rela
tively modest capability. It will be appreciated that the grid
networkcapability mayalsobemoreeasilyscalablethanhigh
performancedevices and Super-computers. Further,thereis a
potential business model for the rental ofgrid services.
The dispersed Grid nodesareconnectedby network infra
structure Such as the Internet. Grid nodes include computers,
data servers and network devices. Resource sharing of net
work devices in a Grid is critical because it provides the
interconnectivityofGrid nodes toform apipelineofresource
supply in the Grid. In other words, interconnectivity enables
reliable sharing of resources such as computing power and
data services.
One problem hindering the advance ofGrid technology is
that the requisite resource sharing of network nodes is not
entirely supported by traditional networks. First, Grid nodes
generally require a piece ofGrid software installed on each
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Grid node. While this installation is relatively easy onacom
puter,itcanbeimpracticalon networkdevicessuchasrouters
and Switches. Without installation of the Grid software, a
network device cannotpurposefully make its resource avail
able to the Grid, and a Grid node cannot access a network
device through the same Grid rule.
Another problem hindering the advance ofGrid technol
ogy is that network devices are typically located in autono
mous network domains, and controlled by network manage
ment facilities such as network managers and services. The
network management facilities form an actual overlay net
workwhich is the networkserviceoverlay and gives theAPI
for network control functions. In other words, the network
service overlay consists ofnetwork services thatare running
on network devices. Thus, in a Grid network, there are two
overlay networks: the network service overlay and the Grid
serviceoverlay. Butthereisagapbetweenthesetwooverlays.
The gap is that they are not compatible because network
services and Grid services use different service infrastruc
tures. Moreover, due to the modest capability of CPU and
memory on network devices, network services are generally
implemented in lightweight network software while Grid
services are generally implemented in heavyweight Software
and thus require much more CPU power and storage.
It would therefore be desirable to have a technique for
causing the two overlays to work together. In other words,
network nodes should be capable ofacting as Grid nodes in
order to provide its resources such as network links and
bandwidth in a Grid.
SUMMARY
Various embodiments overcome theabove-mentioned and
other drawbacks by providing a Grid-based proxy mecha
nism to allow Grid services and applications to access and
utilize resources available in the physical network domains.
In accordance with one or more embodiments, a Grid Proxy
Architecture for Network Resources ("GPAN) bridges a grid
services overlay that includes ofGrid services to serve user
applications, with a network services overlay that includes
network services to control the network devices. The GPAN
proxy gives the Grid services in the Grid Service overlay the
potential to access the network services in the Network Ser
viceoverlay inordertocontrol the networks forresource use.
With GPAN, network nodes do not need to install and run a
piece of Grid service software in order to provide their
resources to the Grids. Network nodes are represented in a
whole by the GPAN proxy andjoined the Grids by a unique
Grid node which runs the actual proxy software/system.
Inatleastoneembodiment,GPAN works with thenetwork
service overlay to gather network resource information and
provide that information to the Grid resource index service
withintheGridnetwork. GPAN mayalso facilitatebrokerage
and reservation of network resources upon the request of a
Grid resource broker service within the Grid network by
translating application requests from the Grid services to
network operations ofthe network services.
At least one embodiment employs network service peers/
agents (“NSPs') distributed in the network domains in order
to obtain network resource information and allocate network
resources fortheGrids. Each NSP may includean individual
network domain, including various Sub-nets, and may be
operatedbyadifferentserviceprovider.OftheNSPs,onlythe
masterNSPexecutesthe GPAN proxy in aGrid network.The
masterNSPisusuallyselected from an NSPwhich iscloseto
the location where run Grid resource services such as index,
brokerandscheduler.A masterNSPmay beelected basedon
7. US 9,184,989 B2
3
how the Grid is organized and how easily the Grid accesses
the network resources. Under the GPAN proxy, the master
NSP sends network instructions to each NSP for resource
operations suchasinformationcollectionandallocation. Fur
ther, the master NSP provides Grid-based proxy APIs of
resource operations to Grid services and applications. Con
sequently,thenoderunningthemasterNSPis theuniqueGrid
node representingthe whole networks.TheGrid servicesand
applications talk to this master NSP node for network
resourcesupply.They usetheGPANAPIswhichareprovided
in the form ofGrid services to access the network resources.
It will therefore be apparent that no actual network nodes
need to execute native grid protocols.
In at least one embodiment, GPAN provides at least two
proxy functions, resource data proxy and resource manage
ment proxy. The resource data proxy function is to provide
resource discovery, status (create?destroy/use), availability
and service policy for the Grid network. The resource man
agement proxy function provides resource scheduling, new/
allocate/reallocate/release in the Grid network. GPAN sends
resource information to the global Grid resource services
such as index, through the resource data proxy. GPAN
receivesresourceallocationrequestsofGridapps fromaGrid
resource broker or scheduler service through the resource
managementproxy. Each proxy function may implementdif
ferent proxy mechanisms. For example, the resource data
proxy implements a network information provider (“NIP')
which is a Grid-based software to facilitate collection of
network information and provide updates and reports to the
Gridresourceindexservice.Theresourcemanagementproxy
function implements a resource allocation and management
provider (“RAMP) which is also a Grid-based software to
receive resource allocation requests from the Grid broker/
meta-schedulerservices and schedule resource operations in
the communications network.
In at least one embodiment, GPAN includes two main
components: a Grid Proxy service (“GPS) and a Grid Del
egation service (“GDS”). GPS interfaces the GPAN proxy
with the Grid overlay ofGrid services to meet applications.
GDS interfaces the proxy with the Network Service overlay
of network services to utilize network resources. Resource
based XML messaging may be utilized for communication
between GPS and GDS.
By implementing at least some of the features described
above, GPAN advantageously causes the communications
network to appear as grid resources from the perspective of
the grid network. Forexample, the resource availability data
is periodically gathered from each network service peer and
provided to an index ofthe grid network in a format that is
compliant with the protocols utilized by the index. Further,
GPANimplementsanAPIthatiscompliantwiththesignaling
utilized by the grid manager in order to facilitate resource
brokerage and reservation. Following receipt of a request
from the Grid application, and identification of requisite
resource from the index, a broker/meta-schedulerofthegrid
network signals to the grid resources and GPAN in order to
reserve and utilize the resources. The broker/meta-scheduler
signals forresourcereservationtoboththegridresourcesand
GPAN in the same, grid-standard compliant manner. GPAN
implements anAPI which is operativetotranslatecommands
from the broker/meta-scheduler into a format that may be
utilized by the communications network nodes. Conse
quently, two-way communications between the network
resources and grid manager are possible, thereby enabling
operations such as bandwidth allocation, negotiation, agree
ment, information feedback, and status tracking. Once the
appropriate communications network and grid network
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resources are made available forthe application, portions of
the overall task are distributed to the grid resource services
eitherdirectly by the broker/meta-scheduleror via GPAN.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of grid network architecture
illustrating gathering of communications network resource
information for the grid resource index by GPAN.
FIG. 2 illustrates reservation ofcommunications network
resources in the architecture of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a blockdiagram that illustrates the GPAN proxy
in greater detail.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referringto FIG. 1, agridcomputing networkarchitecture
includes multiple grid resources that are in communication
via multiple communications network elements. The grid
resources may includeagridresource manager 100, comput
ing resource provider102, 104and storage resourceprovider
106. The grid manager, computing resource provider and
storage resource providerexecute Grid-based Resource Ser
vices (GRS) such as Resource Management Services (RMS)
and Resource Data Services (RDS). The communications
network elements include various Switching and routing
devices which make up network services peers (“NSPs')
108-114, and a master network service peer 116 that imple
ments a Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources
(“GPAN') 118 for the grid network. An application device
120whichoriginatesarequestforexecution ofanapplication
onthe grid communicates withthe grid networkthroughthe
grid manager 100.
The grid manager 100 manages grid-enabled resources
sharedin theGrid networkto userapplications. It may usean
index node 122 which is operativetoexecutegridcomputing
protocolstoproducean indexofavailablegrid resources. For
example, the index may include address information and an
indication of availability for each grid resource through
respective RDS on each resource provider. It may also use a
grid broker/meta-scheduler 124 which is operative in
response to a request from the application node 120 to iden
tifyasetofgridresourcesfromtheindex withwhichtosatisfy
the application request. Once the set of grid resources is
determined, the broker/meta-scheduler signals the grid
resourcestopreparethemtobeutilized. Forexample,thegrid
resources may be verifiedasavailable, reserved,and charges
forthe services may bearranged. Oncethegrid resourcesare
prepared, thebroker/meta-scheduler 124 distributes portions
of the overall task to individual ones of the grid services
through respective RMS in each resource provider. The bro
ker/meta-scheduler is also operative to coordinate responses
from the grid services 102-106 for the particularapplication
task.
The GPAN 118 is executed at least in-part by the master
network service peer 116 and is operative to cause the com
munications network to appear, relative to the grid manager
100, as a grid-compliant resource provider of network. One
function ofthe GPAN 118 is to gather communications net
work resource information on behalf ofthe index 122. Data
indicating theavailability ofnetworkresources such as NSPs
108-114 can be actively gathered using any ofa variety of
networkprotocols. Suchas simple network managementpro
tocol (“SNMP).Alternatively, somenetworkdevices maybe
configuredtoautomaticallyprovideresourceavailabilitydata
to the GPAN. In addition to obtaining resource availability
data, the GPAN 118 generates a mapping of the available
8. US 9,184,989 B2
5
resources, including the various communications network
nodes and links which interconnect the grid resources. The
resourceavailabilityinformation and mappingarethentrans
latedintoaformatthatcanbeprocessedbytheindex 122,and
transmitted to the index for storage. The information in the
index can then be processed by the broker/meta-scheduler
124 in a Substantially similar manner as normally generated
and stored grid resource information.
Referring now to FIG. 2, theGPAN118also implements its
Grid serviceAPI so that it can be accessed by the grid man
ager 124 though standard Grid service invocation in orderto
facilitate resource brokerage and reservation. Following
receipt ofa request from the application 120 and identifica
tion of requisite resource from the index 122, the broker/
meta-scheduler124signals tothegrid resources 102-106and
the GPAN 118 in order to reserve and utilize the identified
resources. In particular, the broker/meta-scheduler 124 sig
nalsforresourcereservationtoboththegridresourcesandthe
GPAN in the same, grid-standard compliant manner. The
GPAN 118 is operative to translate the signaled commands
fromthebroker/meta-scheduler 124intoaformatthatmaybe
utilizedby thecommunications network nodes ofNSPs 108
114. Further, the GPAN is operative to translate messages
returned from the network nodes ofthe NSPs to the broker/
meta-scheduler. Consequently, two-way communications
between the network resources and grid manager are pos
sible. Communications between the network resources and
grid managermay supportoperationssuchasbandwidthallo
cation, negotiation, agreement, information feedback, and
status tracking. Once the appropriate communications net
work and grid network resources are made available for the
tasksenttothegrid,portionsoftheoveralltaskaredistributed
to the grid resource services either directly by the broker/
meta-scheduler or via the GPAN.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the GPAN 118 includes
two main components: a Grid Delegation Service (“GDS)
300 and a Grid Proxy Service (“GPS) 302. The GPS 302 is
operative to accept network resource requests from upper
layer grid services in the Grid Service overlay such as the
broker/meta-scheduler124a, index 122a,andenduserappli
cation 120a. Resource requests include requests for resource
information, resource allocation, and related operations. The
GPS 302 passes those requests to the GDS 300, and returns
feedback received in response to the requests back to the
request initiator. The GDS processes the resource requests
from the GPS to determine which NSPs 108-114 in the Net
workServiceoverlay are indicatedtobepartoftheparticular
grid operation. The GDS also collects resource information
and results from the NSPs for return to the GPS. As shown
specifically in FIG. 3, the GPS and GDS components ofthe
GPAN logically reside on two overlay networks: GPS on the
GridServiceOverlayandGDSontheNetworkServiceOver
lay. But they may reside on ahost Such as the masterservice
peerortwo differenthosts. Forexample,GPS 302 can reside
in a grid-based hosting environment that is logically proxi
mate to the grid manager100 (FIG. 2), and theGDS 300 can
reside in a network service hosting environment that is logi
callyproximate to the masternetworkservicepeer 116 (FIG.
2). Consequently, GPS is the GPANcontactpoint in thegrid
networkoverlay whileGDS is the GPAN contactpoint in the
network service overlay.
The GPAN 118 may provide respective network resource
provider as necessary and appropriate. For example, a net
work information provider(“NIP)304 facilitates collection
of network information and provides updates and reports to
the grid manager index. A resource allocation and manage
ment provider (“RAMP) 306 may receive resource alloca
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tion requests from the broker/meta-scheduler and provide
scheduling resources in the communications network.
While the various embodiments described through the
aboveexemplaryembodiments,itwillbeunderstoodbythose
ofordinary skillintheartthatmodificationtoand variation of
the illustrated embodiments may be made without departing
from the concepts herein disclosed. Moreover, while some
embodiments are described in connection with various illus
trative structures, one skilled in theart will recognize thatthe
system may be embodied using a variety of specific struc
tures.Accordingly,theembodimentsshould notbe viewedas
limitedexceptby the scope andspiritoftheappendedclaims.
The invention claimed is:
1. A method ofSupporting operation ofa plurality ofdis
tributed computing resources interconnected by a communi
cation network, the method comprising:
receiving information indicative ofavailability ofat least
Some resources of the communication network, the
information being in a Supply format;
generating a mapping ofavailable resources ofthe at least
Some resources;
translating at least Some ofthe received information from
theSupplyformattoatargetformatusablebyatleastone
ofthe distributed computing resources;
translating the mapping to the target format; and
providingatleastsome ofthetranslated information in the
target format and the translated mapping to the at least
one of the distributed computing resources to enable
analysis ofavailability ofat least some resources ofthe
communication network by the at least one ofthe dis
tributed communications resources.
2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein receivingthe informa
tion indicative ofavailability ofat least some resources fur
thercomprises receiving the information periodically.
3. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising:
receiving at least one message from at least one of the
distributed computing resources;
processing the at least one received message to derive at
leastone commandusablebyatleastoneresourceofthe
communication network; and
providing the at least one command to the at least one
resource ofthe communication network.
4. The method ofclaim 3, wherein the receiving, translat
ingandprovidinginformation,andthereceivingandprocess
ing messagesandprovidingcommandsderivedfromthemes
sages are further configured to Support two-way
communicationsbetweentheatleastonecomputingresource
and the at least one resource ofthe communication network.
5. The method ofclaim 4, wherein thetwo-waycommuni
cations Support at least one of:
bandwidth negotiation;
bandwidth allocation;
bandwidth agreement;
status tracking; or
information feedback.
6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein thesupply formatcom
prises a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
7. The method ofclaim 1 furthercomprising:
distributing portions ofat least one task between at least
Some nodes of the communication network based, at
least in part, on the analysis ofthe availability.
8. A system comprising:
at least one processor, and
a computer program product embodied on one or more
computer-readable storage memory devices, the com
puter program product configured to, responsive to
execution by the at least one processor, perform a
9. US 9,184,989 B2
7
method ofSupporting operation ofa plurality ofdistrib
uted computing resources interconnected by a commu
nication network, the method comprising:
receiving information indicative of availability of at
least some resources ofthe communication network,
the information being in a Supply format;
generating a mapping of available resources of the at
least some resources;
translating at least Some of the received information
from theSupply formattoa target format usableby at
least one ofthe distributed computing resources;
translating the mapping to the target format; and
providing at least Some ofthe translated information in
the target formatandthetranslated mapping to the at
least one of the distributed computing resources to
enable analysis of availability of at least some
resources of the communication network by the at
least one of the distributed communications
SOUCS.
9. The system ofclaim 8, wherein receiving the informa
tion indicative ofavailability ofat least some resources fur
ther comprises receiving the information periodically.
10. The system ofclaim 8, the method furthercomprising:
receiving at least one message from at least one of the
distributed computing resources;
processing the at least one received message to derive at
leastonecommandusableby atleast oneresourceofthe
communication network; and
providing the at least one command to the at least one
resource ofthe communication network.
11. The system ofclaim 10, wherein the receiving, trans
lating and providing information, and the receiving and pro
cessingmessages andproviding commands derived from the
messagesarefurtherconfiguredto Supporttwo-way commu
nicationsbetweentheatleastonecomputingresourceandthe
at least one resource ofthe communication network.
12. Thesystem ofclaim 11, wherein the two-way commu
nications Support at least one of:
bandwidth negotiation;
bandwidth allocation;
bandwidth agreement;
status tracking; or
information feedback.
13. The system of claim 8, wherein the supply format
comprisesaSimpleNetworkManagementProtocol(SNMP).
14. The system ofclaim 8, the method furthercomprising:
distributing portions ofat least one task between at least
Some nodes of the communication network based, at
least in part, on the analysis ofthe availability.
15. A computerprogram product forSupporting operation
of a plurality of distributed computing resources intercon
nected by a communication network, the computer program
product comprising:
10
15
25
30
35
40
45
50
8
logic operating to receive information indicative ofavail
ability ofat least Some resources ofthe communication
network, the information being in a Supply format;
logic operating to generate a mapping of available
resources ofthe at least some resources;
logic operating to translate at least Some of the received
information from the Supply format to a target format
usable by at least one of the distributed computing
resources;
logic operating to translate the mapping to the target for
mat; and
logic operating to provide at least Some ofthe translated
information in the target format andthetranslated map
ping to the at least one of the distributed computing
resources to enable analysis ofavailability ofat least
Some resources ofthe communication networkby theat
least one ofthe distributed communications resources.
16. The computer program product of claim 15 further
configured to receive the information indicative ofavailabil
ity ofat least Some resources periodically.
17. The computer program product of claim 15 further
comprising:
logic operatingtoreceiveatleast onemessagefromatleast
one ofthe distributed computing resources;
logic operatingtoprocesstheatleastonereceived message
to derive at least one command usable by at least one
resource ofthe communication network; and
logic operating to providetheat least one commandto the
at least one resource ofthe communication network.
18.Thecomputerprogramproductofclaim 17whereinthe
logic operating to receive, translateandprovide information,
and the logic operating to receive and process messages and
providecommandsderived from the messages is furthercon
figured to Support two-way communications between the at
least one computing resourceand the atleast one resource of
the communication network.
19. The computer program product ofclaim 18, wherein
the two-way communications Support at least one of
bandwidth negotiation;
bandwidth allocation;
bandwidth agreement;
status tracking; or
information feedback.
20. The computer program product of claim 15 further
comprising:
logic operating to distribute portions of at least one task
between at least Some nodes ofthe communication net
workbased, at least in part, on the analysis ofthe avail
ability.