SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Technology & Society 
Tal Lavian 
Nortel Networks Labs 
tlavian@nortelnetworks.com 
More Questions Than Answers
Some Technology Innovation 
 Fire 
 Writing 
 First book, press, commodity press, 
copy machine, laser printer 
 Wheel, wagon, steam engine, train, 
ship, car, airplane, 
 Phone, radio, TV 
 Consumer electronics 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 2
Technology and Sociology 
 Mapping of social communication on top 
of the technology communication 
 Focus - social behavior of the technology 
and technology adoption 
 Technology aspects give a different point 
of view 
 Technologies that change our community 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 3
Technology Advancements 
 Facing many technology revolutions 
that some of them might have huge 
impact of our lives and we need to 
understand it 
Need for question mark after every single point 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 4
Technologies - Agenda 
 Big-Bandwidth Pipes 
 Video Conferencing 
 Virtual Presence (Holograms) 
 Last Mile - Optical Network availability 
 Big Disk availability 
 Video Files, Storage capacity 
 Computation 
 Silicon 
 New Applications 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 5
Big Bandwidth Pipes 
 What if Last Mile is solved? 
 Optical, FTH, MEF, EFM, RPR, CDM…… 
 Dedicated connection (circuit) 
 Video Conferencing 
 does not really work (yet) 
 TV quality – 2.2Mbs , DVD 4.5Mbs (each direction) 
 Virtual Presence – (not science fiction) 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 6 
 8Gbs dedicated
Big Disk Availability 
 What is the implication of having very large disk? 
 What type of usage we will do with abounded 
disks? 
 Currently disk cost is about $700/TB 
 What type of applications can we use it? 
 Video files – movie 1GB, - 70 cents store, in 5 
years – 0.3 cents 
 How this change the use of personal storage? 
 type of new things we will store if the disk is so 
inexpensive? 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 7
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 8 
Computation 
 We have massive amount of computation in 
our hands 
 In our watch, we have more computation that 
we needed to send Apollo 11 to the moon 
and the processor cost less than one cent 
 We have amount of computation on our desk 
that is larger than supercomputer 15 years 
ago 
 How this affects us?
Silicon 
 Moor’s Law still working 
 We can add much more functionalities 
into silicon 
 Price point – consumer electronics 
 The cost of new gadgets - commodity 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 9
Application adoption 
 New innovations and adding new 
applications is a very simple process in 
the web time 
 Web itself 
 P2P apps 
 Recording Industry 
 Open Source 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 10
TThhee MMeettrroo BBoottttlleenneecckk 
Other Sites 
Access Metro 
End User Access Metro Core 
Ethernet LAN 
OC-192 
DWDM n x l 
DS1 
DS3 
IP/DATA 
1GigE 40G+ 
LL/FR/ATM 
1-40Meg 
OC-12 
OC-48 
OC-192 
10G 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 11
Bandwidth is Becoming Commodity 
 Price per bit went down by 99% in the last 5 years on the 
optical side 
 This is one of the problems of the current telecom market 
 Optical Metro – cheap high bandwidth access 
 $1000 a month for 100FX (in major cities) 
 This is less than the cost of T1 several years ago 
 Optical Long-Haul and Metro access - change of the price 
point 
 Reasonable price drive more users (non residential) 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 12
Summary 
 Optical transport brings abundant 
bandwidth 
 Efficient use of bandwidth becomes 
crucial 
 Network Services enable 
 Use network flexibly and transparently 
 Add customized intelligence 
 Killer Applications night be OVPN or 
any other dynamic bandwidth 
provisioning 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 13
Breakthrough...Bandwidth 
Cost per 
Gigabit Mile 
11999933 11999988 22000022 
Moore’s 
Law 
11998844 11999944 11999988 22000011 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 14 
Optical Capacity 
Revolution 
5500 MMbbppss 22..55 GGbbppss 
11..66 TTbbppss 
332200 GGbbppss 
66..44 TTbbppss 
Wavelengths will become the communications circuits of the future... 
Source: Nortel marketing
“Blindsided by Technology” 
 When a base technology leaps ahead 
in a dramatic fashion relative to other 
technologies, it always reshapes what 
is possible 
 It drives the basic fabric of how 
distributed systems will be built 
IItt bblliinnddssiiddeess 
uuss aallll...... 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 15 
Source – Nortel’s marketing
There is Light at the end of the Tunnel 
There is Light at the end of the Tunnel 
Imagine it 5 years from now? 
There are more questions than answers. 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 16
Backup Slides 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 17
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 18 
Agenda 
 Technology and market drivers 
 Abundant bandwidth 
 Underline the Internet is optical 
 What is WDM? 
 Where are the bottlenecks? 
 Architecture and protection 
 Summary 
 Backup slides 
 Underline technologies 
 Protection Rings
Changing the big picture 
 Now the converged network looks 
different 
 Dial-up bandwidth has huge 
implications 
 Pushing bandwidth to the edges of the 
network 
 Affects service placement, for example 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 19
Bandwidth at the edges 
 Services placed there (ServicePoP) 
 Need to connect services to customers 
and other services 
 Metro networks 
 Use of Ethernet as low cost/flexible 
mechanism 
 Eventually fibers to pcmcia?! 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 20
Metro networks 
 Interim step: services in servicePoPs 
 Tap into fast connections here for 
enterprises 
 Use of Ethernet as protocol to connect 
the enterprise to the MAN 
 Avoid need for last mile for certain 
applications/services 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 21
Abundant Bandwidth 
Why does this change the playground? 
 Optical core bandwidth is growing in an order of magnitude 
every 2 years, 4 orders of magnitude in 9 years 
 1992 – 100Mbs (100FX, OC-3) 
 2001 – 1.6Tbs (160 DWDM of OC-192) 
 OC-768 (40Gbs) on single l is commercial (80Gbs in lab) 
 2-3 orders of magnitude bandwidth growth in many 
dimensions 
 Core – Optical bandwidth - (155mb/s ® 1Tb/s) 
 Core Metro – DWDM optical aggregation – (2.4Gb/s ® N*10Gb/s) 
 Metro – Access for businesses (T1 ® OC3, 100FX, 1-Gb/s) 
 Access – Cable, DSL, 3G – (28kb/s®10mb/s, 1.5mb/s, 384kb/s) 
 LAN – (10mbp/s ® 10Gbp/s) 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 22
Why Does This Matter? 
 How do these photonic breakthroughs affect us? 
 This is a radical change to the current internet architecture 
 WAN starts to be no longer the bottleneck 
 How congestion control/avoidance affected? 
 Why DiffServ if you can get all the bandwidth that you need? 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 23 
 Why do we need QoS? 
 Why do we need cache? (if we can have big pipes) 
 Where to put the data? (centralized, distributed) 
 What changes in network architecture needed? 
 What changes in system architecture needed? 
 Distributed computing, central computing, cluster computing 
 Any changes to the current routing?
Movie Distribution 
 Each movie theater in a 
large area (SF, New 
York, Houston) requests 
1 hour of bandwidth a 
week (OC192) 
 All movies transferred 
during this time 
 Efficient use of 
expensive but 
necessary fat pipe 
Minicomputer 
Terminal Server 
City 
City 
FDDI Ring 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 24
Move to optical 
 The key is to find a way to use the 
infrastructure that we have available in 
an efficient manner 
 What services are available? What can 
we do? 
 Challenges? 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 25
New type of businesses 
 Data warehousing: no more mailing 
tapes 
 Have tape vaults with gigabit 
connectivity 
 Data is sent optically to destination, 
where it is written to magnetic tape 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 26
Abundant Bandwidth 
Why does this change the playground? 
 Optical core bandwidth is growing in an order of magnitude 
every 2 years, 4 orders of magnitude in 9 years 
 1992 – 100Mbs (100FX, OC-3) 
 2001 – 1.6Tbs (160 DWDM of OC-192) 
 OC-768 (40Gbs) on single l is commercial. (80Gbs in lab) 
 2-3 orders of magnitude bandwidth growth in many 
dimensions 
 Core – Optical bandwidth - (155mb/s ® 1Tb/s) 
 Core Metro – DWDM optical aggregation – (2.4Gb/s ® N*10Gb/s) 
 Metro – Access for businesses (T1 ® OC3, 100FX, 1-Gb/s) 
 Access – Cable, DSL, 3G – (28kb/s®10mb/s, 1.5mb/s, 384kb/s) 
 LAN – (10mbp/s ® 10Gbp/s) 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 27
How this Affects our Lives? 
What are the new applications to use this 
abundant bandwidth? 
 Distance learning? 
 Telecommuting? (for the average person, not us) 
 Broadcasting?(I want to see TV channel 48 from Japan) 
 Video conference? 
What else? (this is a BIG question) 
 What are the new applications and services? 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 28
Need for new services 
 Optical networking is evolving 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 29 
 Much more bandwidth 
 Agile reconfiguring of light path 
 Need to take advantage of this and tie it to applications and services 
 Need to define the glue and the interface between the applications and 
lower levels. 
 Can’t do computation in the optical core 
 Need to move the intelligence from the core to the edge. 
 I’d like to focus and formulate a research program in this area of 
providing intelligent services at the Optical core.
Where are the bottlenecks 
 Optical networking is evolving 
 As soon as one problem is solved, the bottleneck is moving to a new 
place 
 Currently it looks like the bottleneck is at the first mile 
 Streaming media - bottleneck push on routers 
 Much more bandwidth in the MAN move the bottlenecks away from 
the access and the edge 
 Peering points between service provides 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 30
Streaming media as bandwidth 
driver 
 Streaming needs big pipes – 2-3 orders or magnitudes more than web 
surfing. 
 Speed of 3Mbs is about 1GB per hour 
 Constant traffic (can be turn on for hours with no one watching) 
 Web looks like a big traffic driver on the edge – but it is small traffic 
on the core. 
 One hour web, 10 second a page, 360 pages, 10KB page  3.6MB 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 31
EFM –Ethernet First Mile 
 Ethernet at the first mile start to be attractive. 
 Drive more bandwidth to the end users 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 32 
 Three proposals : 
 22Mbs on the current phone line 
 PON –Passive Optical Network – split the optical link to 4 and additional 8 
total 32 customers (60Mbs per residence) 
 Point-to-point optical – more expansive 
 SBC and alike are interested. 
 The tight of way is the main issue. Optical fibers work fine in harsh 
environment 
 Sewer net, Power line, Gas line, water line.
Where are the bottlenecks 
 Optical networking is evolving 
 As soon as one problem is solved, the bottleneck is moving to a new 
place 
 Currently it looks like the bottleneck is at the first mile 
 Streaming media - bottleneck push on routers 
 Much more bandwidth in the MAN move the bottlenecks away from 
the access and the edge 
 Peering points between service provides 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 33
Need for new services 
 Optical networking is evolving 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 34 
 Much more bandwidth 
 Agile reconfiguring of light path 
 Need to take advantage of this and tie it to applications and services 
 Need to define the glue and the interface between the applications and 
lower levels. 
 Can’t do computation in the optical core 
 Need to move the intelligence from the core to the edge. 
 I’d like to focus and formulate a research program in this area of 
providing intelligent services at the Optical core.
If we had the bandwidth… 
 What if we all had 100Mb/s at home? 
 Killer apps, other apps, services 
 Peer-to-peer video swapping 
 Is it TV, HDTV, something else? 
 What if we had larger pipes at businesses? 
 1Gbs home office, 10GE/DWDM large organizations 
 How would the network architecture look, if we solve the 
last mile problem? 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 35
 DWDM – phenomenal growth 
 Abundant bandwidth 
 Underline optical technologies 
 The access is still bottleneck 
 Reliability and protection 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 36 
Summary
What is WDM? 
Data Channel 1 
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) acts as “optical funnel” 
using different colors of light (wavelengths) for each signal 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 37 
Data Channel 2 
Data Channel 3 
Data Channel n 
Optical 
Fibre 
Source: Prof. Raj Jain Ohio U
Wavelength Division Multiplexing 
Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 38 
Source: ??

More Related Content

What's hot

Exploration and Supremacy of Li-Fi over Wi-Fi
Exploration and Supremacy of Li-Fi over Wi-FiExploration and Supremacy of Li-Fi over Wi-Fi
Exploration and Supremacy of Li-Fi over Wi-Fi
Editor IJCATR
 
Business Post Kenya
Business Post KenyaBusiness Post Kenya
Business Post Kenya
Zakaria Abdulkadir
 
Seminar on vlc / visible light communication
Seminar on vlc / visible light communicationSeminar on vlc / visible light communication
Seminar on vlc / visible light communication
SAMBIT SWAIN
 
Applying The LED System instead Of The RFID System In Transportations Toll
Applying The LED System instead Of The RFID System In Transportations TollApplying The LED System instead Of The RFID System In Transportations Toll
Applying The LED System instead Of The RFID System In Transportations Toll
Eng_Ahmad
 
IESL Technical paper_2015 AGM
IESL Technical paper_2015 AGMIESL Technical paper_2015 AGM
IESL Technical paper_2015 AGM
Dushyantha Rathnasekara
 
Introduction to optic fibre
Introduction to optic fibreIntroduction to optic fibre
Introduction to optic fibre
smoothmax
 
The Missing Link: Dedicated End-to-End 10Gbps Optical Lightpaths for Clusters...
The Missing Link: Dedicated End-to-End 10Gbps Optical Lightpaths for Clusters...The Missing Link: Dedicated End-to-End 10Gbps Optical Lightpaths for Clusters...
The Missing Link: Dedicated End-to-End 10Gbps Optical Lightpaths for Clusters...
Larry Smarr
 
Final thesis paper Digital Optical fiber link design
Final thesis paper Digital Optical fiber link designFinal thesis paper Digital Optical fiber link design
Final thesis paper Digital Optical fiber link design
Md. Nadimul Islam
 
How do fiber optic cables transmit data
How do fiber optic cables transmit dataHow do fiber optic cables transmit data
How do fiber optic cables transmit data
Gary Crilly, RCDD/OSP
 
Mitigating effect of flickering and dimming in visible light communication us...
Mitigating effect of flickering and dimming in visible light communication us...Mitigating effect of flickering and dimming in visible light communication us...
Mitigating effect of flickering and dimming in visible light communication us...
Ramesh Patriotic
 
Optical wireless communication
Optical wireless communicationOptical wireless communication
Optical wireless communication
Vishak V Thampy
 
Free-Space Optical Networking Using the Spectrum of Visible Light
Free-Space Optical Networking Using the Spectrum of Visible LightFree-Space Optical Networking Using the Spectrum of Visible Light
Free-Space Optical Networking Using the Spectrum of Visible Light
IJTET Journal
 
Home automation
Home automationHome automation
Home automation
pristlin paul p
 
VLC Technology
VLC TechnologyVLC Technology
VLC Technology
Vinayagam Mariappan
 
Telecommunication Systems: How is Technology Change Creating New Opportunitie...
Telecommunication Systems: How is Technology Change Creating New Opportunitie...Telecommunication Systems: How is Technology Change Creating New Opportunitie...
Telecommunication Systems: How is Technology Change Creating New Opportunitie...
Jeffrey Funk
 
Mesh_Fundamentals_14dec01
Mesh_Fundamentals_14dec01Mesh_Fundamentals_14dec01
Mesh_Fundamentals_14dec01
Dave Beyer
 

What's hot (16)

Exploration and Supremacy of Li-Fi over Wi-Fi
Exploration and Supremacy of Li-Fi over Wi-FiExploration and Supremacy of Li-Fi over Wi-Fi
Exploration and Supremacy of Li-Fi over Wi-Fi
 
Business Post Kenya
Business Post KenyaBusiness Post Kenya
Business Post Kenya
 
Seminar on vlc / visible light communication
Seminar on vlc / visible light communicationSeminar on vlc / visible light communication
Seminar on vlc / visible light communication
 
Applying The LED System instead Of The RFID System In Transportations Toll
Applying The LED System instead Of The RFID System In Transportations TollApplying The LED System instead Of The RFID System In Transportations Toll
Applying The LED System instead Of The RFID System In Transportations Toll
 
IESL Technical paper_2015 AGM
IESL Technical paper_2015 AGMIESL Technical paper_2015 AGM
IESL Technical paper_2015 AGM
 
Introduction to optic fibre
Introduction to optic fibreIntroduction to optic fibre
Introduction to optic fibre
 
The Missing Link: Dedicated End-to-End 10Gbps Optical Lightpaths for Clusters...
The Missing Link: Dedicated End-to-End 10Gbps Optical Lightpaths for Clusters...The Missing Link: Dedicated End-to-End 10Gbps Optical Lightpaths for Clusters...
The Missing Link: Dedicated End-to-End 10Gbps Optical Lightpaths for Clusters...
 
Final thesis paper Digital Optical fiber link design
Final thesis paper Digital Optical fiber link designFinal thesis paper Digital Optical fiber link design
Final thesis paper Digital Optical fiber link design
 
How do fiber optic cables transmit data
How do fiber optic cables transmit dataHow do fiber optic cables transmit data
How do fiber optic cables transmit data
 
Mitigating effect of flickering and dimming in visible light communication us...
Mitigating effect of flickering and dimming in visible light communication us...Mitigating effect of flickering and dimming in visible light communication us...
Mitigating effect of flickering and dimming in visible light communication us...
 
Optical wireless communication
Optical wireless communicationOptical wireless communication
Optical wireless communication
 
Free-Space Optical Networking Using the Spectrum of Visible Light
Free-Space Optical Networking Using the Spectrum of Visible LightFree-Space Optical Networking Using the Spectrum of Visible Light
Free-Space Optical Networking Using the Spectrum of Visible Light
 
Home automation
Home automationHome automation
Home automation
 
VLC Technology
VLC TechnologyVLC Technology
VLC Technology
 
Telecommunication Systems: How is Technology Change Creating New Opportunitie...
Telecommunication Systems: How is Technology Change Creating New Opportunitie...Telecommunication Systems: How is Technology Change Creating New Opportunitie...
Telecommunication Systems: How is Technology Change Creating New Opportunitie...
 
Mesh_Fundamentals_14dec01
Mesh_Fundamentals_14dec01Mesh_Fundamentals_14dec01
Mesh_Fundamentals_14dec01
 

Similar to Impact on Society – the Light at the end of the Tunnel

Abundant Bandwidth and how it affects us
Abundant Bandwidth and how it affects usAbundant Bandwidth and how it affects us
Abundant Bandwidth and how it affects us
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Optical Networking & DWDM
Optical Networking & DWDMOptical Networking & DWDM
Optical Networking & DWDM
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Technology & Society – More Questions Than Answers
Technology & Society – More Questions Than AnswersTechnology & Society – More Questions Than Answers
Technology & Society – More Questions Than Answers
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Data Networks: Next-Generation Optical Access toward 10 Gb/s Everywhere
Data Networks: Next-Generation Optical Access toward 10 Gb/s EverywhereData Networks: Next-Generation Optical Access toward 10 Gb/s Everywhere
Data Networks: Next-Generation Optical Access toward 10 Gb/s Everywhere
Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
 
Trends and evolution of optical networks and technologies
Trends and evolution of optical networks and technologiesTrends and evolution of optical networks and technologies
Trends and evolution of optical networks and technologies
Md.Bellal Hossain
 
Optical Networks
Optical NetworksOptical Networks
Optical Networks
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Optical Networks
Optical NetworksOptical Networks
Optical Networks
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Optical Networks
Optical NetworksOptical Networks
Optical Networks
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Full report on light peak technology
Full report on light peak technologyFull report on light peak technology
Full report on light peak technology
VIKAS SINGH BHADOURIA
 
Optical Network Infrastructure for Grid, Draft-ggf-ghpn-opticalnets-1
Optical Network Infrastructure for Grid, Draft-ggf-ghpn-opticalnets-1Optical Network Infrastructure for Grid, Draft-ggf-ghpn-opticalnets-1
Optical Network Infrastructure for Grid, Draft-ggf-ghpn-opticalnets-1
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
BACKBONE NETWORKS
BACKBONE NETWORKSBACKBONE NETWORKS
BACKBONE NETWORKS
shriram suryanarayanan
 
fibers
fibersfibers
fibers
Ruba Aburub
 
Light peak
Light peakLight peak
Light peak
santosh chettiar
 
Wireless communication
Wireless communicationWireless communication
Wireless communication
dinesh kumar
 
Fibre Optics Seminar Ise09
Fibre Optics Seminar Ise09Fibre Optics Seminar Ise09
Fibre Optics Seminar Ise09
franksheehan
 
Mobile Backhaul Evolution
Mobile Backhaul EvolutionMobile Backhaul Evolution
Mobile Backhaul Evolution
Yankee Group
 
IRJET- GMPLS based Multilayer Service Network Architecture
IRJET- GMPLS based Multilayer Service Network ArchitectureIRJET- GMPLS based Multilayer Service Network Architecture
IRJET- GMPLS based Multilayer Service Network Architecture
IRJET Journal
 
Dwdm good
Dwdm goodDwdm good
Dwdm good
Achint Saraf
 
Iccbn Presentation - optical
Iccbn Presentation - opticalIccbn Presentation - optical
Iccbn Presentation - optical
roysoumya
 
Services and applications’ infrastructure for agile optical networks
Services and applications’ infrastructure for agile optical networksServices and applications’ infrastructure for agile optical networks
Services and applications’ infrastructure for agile optical networks
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 

Similar to Impact on Society – the Light at the end of the Tunnel (20)

Abundant Bandwidth and how it affects us
Abundant Bandwidth and how it affects usAbundant Bandwidth and how it affects us
Abundant Bandwidth and how it affects us
 
Optical Networking & DWDM
Optical Networking & DWDMOptical Networking & DWDM
Optical Networking & DWDM
 
Technology & Society – More Questions Than Answers
Technology & Society – More Questions Than AnswersTechnology & Society – More Questions Than Answers
Technology & Society – More Questions Than Answers
 
Data Networks: Next-Generation Optical Access toward 10 Gb/s Everywhere
Data Networks: Next-Generation Optical Access toward 10 Gb/s EverywhereData Networks: Next-Generation Optical Access toward 10 Gb/s Everywhere
Data Networks: Next-Generation Optical Access toward 10 Gb/s Everywhere
 
Trends and evolution of optical networks and technologies
Trends and evolution of optical networks and technologiesTrends and evolution of optical networks and technologies
Trends and evolution of optical networks and technologies
 
Optical Networks
Optical NetworksOptical Networks
Optical Networks
 
Optical Networks
Optical NetworksOptical Networks
Optical Networks
 
Optical Networks
Optical NetworksOptical Networks
Optical Networks
 
Full report on light peak technology
Full report on light peak technologyFull report on light peak technology
Full report on light peak technology
 
Optical Network Infrastructure for Grid, Draft-ggf-ghpn-opticalnets-1
Optical Network Infrastructure for Grid, Draft-ggf-ghpn-opticalnets-1Optical Network Infrastructure for Grid, Draft-ggf-ghpn-opticalnets-1
Optical Network Infrastructure for Grid, Draft-ggf-ghpn-opticalnets-1
 
BACKBONE NETWORKS
BACKBONE NETWORKSBACKBONE NETWORKS
BACKBONE NETWORKS
 
fibers
fibersfibers
fibers
 
Light peak
Light peakLight peak
Light peak
 
Wireless communication
Wireless communicationWireless communication
Wireless communication
 
Fibre Optics Seminar Ise09
Fibre Optics Seminar Ise09Fibre Optics Seminar Ise09
Fibre Optics Seminar Ise09
 
Mobile Backhaul Evolution
Mobile Backhaul EvolutionMobile Backhaul Evolution
Mobile Backhaul Evolution
 
IRJET- GMPLS based Multilayer Service Network Architecture
IRJET- GMPLS based Multilayer Service Network ArchitectureIRJET- GMPLS based Multilayer Service Network Architecture
IRJET- GMPLS based Multilayer Service Network Architecture
 
Dwdm good
Dwdm goodDwdm good
Dwdm good
 
Iccbn Presentation - optical
Iccbn Presentation - opticalIccbn Presentation - optical
Iccbn Presentation - optical
 
Services and applications’ infrastructure for agile optical networks
Services and applications’ infrastructure for agile optical networksServices and applications’ infrastructure for agile optical networks
Services and applications’ infrastructure for agile optical networks
 

More from Tal Lavian Ph.D.

Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Photonic line sharing for high-speed routers
Photonic line sharing for high-speed routersPhotonic line sharing for high-speed routers
Photonic line sharing for high-speed routers
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Systems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a network
Systems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a networkSystems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a network
Systems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a network
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menu
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menuSystems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menu
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menu
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Grid proxy architecture for network resources
Grid proxy architecture for network resourcesGrid proxy architecture for network resources
Grid proxy architecture for network resources
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Systems and methods for electronic communications
Systems and methods for electronic communicationsSystems and methods for electronic communications
Systems and methods for electronic communications
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...
Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...
Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Grid proxy architecture for network resources
Grid proxy architecture for network resourcesGrid proxy architecture for network resources
Grid proxy architecture for network resources
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay network
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay networkMethod and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay network
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay network
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...
Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...
Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...
Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...
Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Reliable rating system and method thereof
Reliable rating system and method thereofReliable rating system and method thereof
Reliable rating system and method thereof
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Time variant rating system and method thereof
Time variant rating system and method thereofTime variant rating system and method thereof
Time variant rating system and method thereof
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menu
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menuSystems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menu
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menu
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Tal Lavian Ph.D.
 

More from Tal Lavian Ph.D. (20)

Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
 
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
 
Photonic line sharing for high-speed routers
Photonic line sharing for high-speed routersPhotonic line sharing for high-speed routers
Photonic line sharing for high-speed routers
 
Systems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a network
Systems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a networkSystems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a network
Systems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a network
 
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menu
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menuSystems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menu
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menu
 
Grid proxy architecture for network resources
Grid proxy architecture for network resourcesGrid proxy architecture for network resources
Grid proxy architecture for network resources
 
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
 
Systems and methods for electronic communications
Systems and methods for electronic communicationsSystems and methods for electronic communications
Systems and methods for electronic communications
 
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
 
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
 
Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...
Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...
Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...
 
Grid proxy architecture for network resources
Grid proxy architecture for network resourcesGrid proxy architecture for network resources
Grid proxy architecture for network resources
 
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay network
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay networkMethod and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay network
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay network
 
Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...
Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...
Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...
 
Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...
Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...
Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...
 
Reliable rating system and method thereof
Reliable rating system and method thereofReliable rating system and method thereof
Reliable rating system and method thereof
 
Time variant rating system and method thereof
Time variant rating system and method thereofTime variant rating system and method thereof
Time variant rating system and method thereof
 
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menu
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menuSystems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menu
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menu
 
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
 
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizerUltra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
Ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizer
 

Recently uploaded

欧洲杯体彩-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注官网|【​网址​🎉ac99.net🎉​】
欧洲杯体彩-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注官网|【​网址​🎉ac99.net🎉​】欧洲杯体彩-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注官网|【​网址​🎉ac99.net🎉​】
欧洲杯体彩-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注官网|【​网址​🎉ac99.net🎉​】
lopezkatherina914
 
欧洲杯赌钱-欧洲杯赌钱冠军-欧洲杯赌钱冠军赔率|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】
欧洲杯赌钱-欧洲杯赌钱冠军-欧洲杯赌钱冠军赔率|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】欧洲杯赌钱-欧洲杯赌钱冠军-欧洲杯赌钱冠军赔率|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】
欧洲杯赌钱-欧洲杯赌钱冠军-欧洲杯赌钱冠军赔率|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】
hanniaarias53
 
买(usyd毕业证书)澳洲悉尼大学毕业证研究生文凭证书原版一模一样
买(usyd毕业证书)澳洲悉尼大学毕业证研究生文凭证书原版一模一样买(usyd毕业证书)澳洲悉尼大学毕业证研究生文凭证书原版一模一样
买(usyd毕业证书)澳洲悉尼大学毕业证研究生文凭证书原版一模一样
nvoyobt
 
一比一原版不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证(UBC毕业证书)学历如何办理
一比一原版不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证(UBC毕业证书)学历如何办理一比一原版不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证(UBC毕业证书)学历如何办理
一比一原版不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证(UBC毕业证书)学历如何办理
bttak
 
按照学校原版(UPenn文凭证书)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证快速办理
按照学校原版(UPenn文凭证书)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证快速办理按照学校原版(UPenn文凭证书)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证快速办理
按照学校原版(UPenn文凭证书)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证快速办理
uwoso
 
欧洲杯投注-欧洲杯投注押注app-欧洲杯投注押注app官网|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】
欧洲杯投注-欧洲杯投注押注app-欧洲杯投注押注app官网|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】欧洲杯投注-欧洲杯投注押注app-欧洲杯投注押注app官网|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】
欧洲杯投注-欧洲杯投注押注app-欧洲杯投注押注app官网|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】
akrooshsaleem36
 
"IOS 18 CONTROL CENTRE REVAMP STREAMLINED IPHONE SHUTDOWN MADE EASIER"
"IOS 18 CONTROL CENTRE REVAMP STREAMLINED IPHONE SHUTDOWN MADE EASIER""IOS 18 CONTROL CENTRE REVAMP STREAMLINED IPHONE SHUTDOWN MADE EASIER"
"IOS 18 CONTROL CENTRE REVAMP STREAMLINED IPHONE SHUTDOWN MADE EASIER"
Emmanuel Onwumere
 
一比一原版圣托马斯大学毕业证(UST毕业证书)学历如何办理
一比一原版圣托马斯大学毕业证(UST毕业证书)学历如何办理一比一原版圣托马斯大学毕业证(UST毕业证书)学历如何办理
一比一原版圣托马斯大学毕业证(UST毕业证书)学历如何办理
bttak
 
一比一原版西三一大学毕业证(TWU毕业证书)学历如何办理
一比一原版西三一大学毕业证(TWU毕业证书)学历如何办理一比一原版西三一大学毕业证(TWU毕业证书)学历如何办理
一比一原版西三一大学毕业证(TWU毕业证书)学历如何办理
bttak
 
一比一原版(SBU毕业证书)肯特州立大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(SBU毕业证书)肯特州立大学毕业证如何办理一比一原版(SBU毕业证书)肯特州立大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(SBU毕业证书)肯特州立大学毕业证如何办理
mbawufebxi
 

Recently uploaded (10)

欧洲杯体彩-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注官网|【​网址​🎉ac99.net🎉​】
欧洲杯体彩-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注官网|【​网址​🎉ac99.net🎉​】欧洲杯体彩-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注官网|【​网址​🎉ac99.net🎉​】
欧洲杯体彩-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注-欧洲杯体彩比赛投注官网|【​网址​🎉ac99.net🎉​】
 
欧洲杯赌钱-欧洲杯赌钱冠军-欧洲杯赌钱冠军赔率|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】
欧洲杯赌钱-欧洲杯赌钱冠军-欧洲杯赌钱冠军赔率|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】欧洲杯赌钱-欧洲杯赌钱冠军-欧洲杯赌钱冠军赔率|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】
欧洲杯赌钱-欧洲杯赌钱冠军-欧洲杯赌钱冠军赔率|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】
 
买(usyd毕业证书)澳洲悉尼大学毕业证研究生文凭证书原版一模一样
买(usyd毕业证书)澳洲悉尼大学毕业证研究生文凭证书原版一模一样买(usyd毕业证书)澳洲悉尼大学毕业证研究生文凭证书原版一模一样
买(usyd毕业证书)澳洲悉尼大学毕业证研究生文凭证书原版一模一样
 
一比一原版不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证(UBC毕业证书)学历如何办理
一比一原版不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证(UBC毕业证书)学历如何办理一比一原版不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证(UBC毕业证书)学历如何办理
一比一原版不列颠哥伦比亚大学毕业证(UBC毕业证书)学历如何办理
 
按照学校原版(UPenn文凭证书)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证快速办理
按照学校原版(UPenn文凭证书)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证快速办理按照学校原版(UPenn文凭证书)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证快速办理
按照学校原版(UPenn文凭证书)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证快速办理
 
欧洲杯投注-欧洲杯投注押注app-欧洲杯投注押注app官网|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】
欧洲杯投注-欧洲杯投注押注app-欧洲杯投注押注app官网|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】欧洲杯投注-欧洲杯投注押注app-欧洲杯投注押注app官网|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】
欧洲杯投注-欧洲杯投注押注app-欧洲杯投注押注app官网|【​网址​🎉ac10.net🎉​】
 
"IOS 18 CONTROL CENTRE REVAMP STREAMLINED IPHONE SHUTDOWN MADE EASIER"
"IOS 18 CONTROL CENTRE REVAMP STREAMLINED IPHONE SHUTDOWN MADE EASIER""IOS 18 CONTROL CENTRE REVAMP STREAMLINED IPHONE SHUTDOWN MADE EASIER"
"IOS 18 CONTROL CENTRE REVAMP STREAMLINED IPHONE SHUTDOWN MADE EASIER"
 
一比一原版圣托马斯大学毕业证(UST毕业证书)学历如何办理
一比一原版圣托马斯大学毕业证(UST毕业证书)学历如何办理一比一原版圣托马斯大学毕业证(UST毕业证书)学历如何办理
一比一原版圣托马斯大学毕业证(UST毕业证书)学历如何办理
 
一比一原版西三一大学毕业证(TWU毕业证书)学历如何办理
一比一原版西三一大学毕业证(TWU毕业证书)学历如何办理一比一原版西三一大学毕业证(TWU毕业证书)学历如何办理
一比一原版西三一大学毕业证(TWU毕业证书)学历如何办理
 
一比一原版(SBU毕业证书)肯特州立大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(SBU毕业证书)肯特州立大学毕业证如何办理一比一原版(SBU毕业证书)肯特州立大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(SBU毕业证书)肯特州立大学毕业证如何办理
 

Impact on Society – the Light at the end of the Tunnel

  • 1. Technology & Society Tal Lavian Nortel Networks Labs tlavian@nortelnetworks.com More Questions Than Answers
  • 2. Some Technology Innovation  Fire  Writing  First book, press, commodity press, copy machine, laser printer  Wheel, wagon, steam engine, train, ship, car, airplane,  Phone, radio, TV  Consumer electronics Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 2
  • 3. Technology and Sociology  Mapping of social communication on top of the technology communication  Focus - social behavior of the technology and technology adoption  Technology aspects give a different point of view  Technologies that change our community Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 3
  • 4. Technology Advancements  Facing many technology revolutions that some of them might have huge impact of our lives and we need to understand it Need for question mark after every single point Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 4
  • 5. Technologies - Agenda  Big-Bandwidth Pipes  Video Conferencing  Virtual Presence (Holograms)  Last Mile - Optical Network availability  Big Disk availability  Video Files, Storage capacity  Computation  Silicon  New Applications Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 5
  • 6. Big Bandwidth Pipes  What if Last Mile is solved?  Optical, FTH, MEF, EFM, RPR, CDM……  Dedicated connection (circuit)  Video Conferencing  does not really work (yet)  TV quality – 2.2Mbs , DVD 4.5Mbs (each direction)  Virtual Presence – (not science fiction) Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 6  8Gbs dedicated
  • 7. Big Disk Availability  What is the implication of having very large disk?  What type of usage we will do with abounded disks?  Currently disk cost is about $700/TB  What type of applications can we use it?  Video files – movie 1GB, - 70 cents store, in 5 years – 0.3 cents  How this change the use of personal storage?  type of new things we will store if the disk is so inexpensive? Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 7
  • 8. Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 8 Computation  We have massive amount of computation in our hands  In our watch, we have more computation that we needed to send Apollo 11 to the moon and the processor cost less than one cent  We have amount of computation on our desk that is larger than supercomputer 15 years ago  How this affects us?
  • 9. Silicon  Moor’s Law still working  We can add much more functionalities into silicon  Price point – consumer electronics  The cost of new gadgets - commodity Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 9
  • 10. Application adoption  New innovations and adding new applications is a very simple process in the web time  Web itself  P2P apps  Recording Industry  Open Source Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 10
  • 11. TThhee MMeettrroo BBoottttlleenneecckk Other Sites Access Metro End User Access Metro Core Ethernet LAN OC-192 DWDM n x l DS1 DS3 IP/DATA 1GigE 40G+ LL/FR/ATM 1-40Meg OC-12 OC-48 OC-192 10G Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 11
  • 12. Bandwidth is Becoming Commodity  Price per bit went down by 99% in the last 5 years on the optical side  This is one of the problems of the current telecom market  Optical Metro – cheap high bandwidth access  $1000 a month for 100FX (in major cities)  This is less than the cost of T1 several years ago  Optical Long-Haul and Metro access - change of the price point  Reasonable price drive more users (non residential) Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 12
  • 13. Summary  Optical transport brings abundant bandwidth  Efficient use of bandwidth becomes crucial  Network Services enable  Use network flexibly and transparently  Add customized intelligence  Killer Applications night be OVPN or any other dynamic bandwidth provisioning Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 13
  • 14. Breakthrough...Bandwidth Cost per Gigabit Mile 11999933 11999988 22000022 Moore’s Law 11998844 11999944 11999988 22000011 Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 14 Optical Capacity Revolution 5500 MMbbppss 22..55 GGbbppss 11..66 TTbbppss 332200 GGbbppss 66..44 TTbbppss Wavelengths will become the communications circuits of the future... Source: Nortel marketing
  • 15. “Blindsided by Technology”  When a base technology leaps ahead in a dramatic fashion relative to other technologies, it always reshapes what is possible  It drives the basic fabric of how distributed systems will be built IItt bblliinnddssiiddeess uuss aallll...... Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 15 Source – Nortel’s marketing
  • 16. There is Light at the end of the Tunnel There is Light at the end of the Tunnel Imagine it 5 years from now? There are more questions than answers. Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 16
  • 17. Backup Slides Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 17
  • 18. Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 18 Agenda  Technology and market drivers  Abundant bandwidth  Underline the Internet is optical  What is WDM?  Where are the bottlenecks?  Architecture and protection  Summary  Backup slides  Underline technologies  Protection Rings
  • 19. Changing the big picture  Now the converged network looks different  Dial-up bandwidth has huge implications  Pushing bandwidth to the edges of the network  Affects service placement, for example Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 19
  • 20. Bandwidth at the edges  Services placed there (ServicePoP)  Need to connect services to customers and other services  Metro networks  Use of Ethernet as low cost/flexible mechanism  Eventually fibers to pcmcia?! Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 20
  • 21. Metro networks  Interim step: services in servicePoPs  Tap into fast connections here for enterprises  Use of Ethernet as protocol to connect the enterprise to the MAN  Avoid need for last mile for certain applications/services Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 21
  • 22. Abundant Bandwidth Why does this change the playground?  Optical core bandwidth is growing in an order of magnitude every 2 years, 4 orders of magnitude in 9 years  1992 – 100Mbs (100FX, OC-3)  2001 – 1.6Tbs (160 DWDM of OC-192)  OC-768 (40Gbs) on single l is commercial (80Gbs in lab)  2-3 orders of magnitude bandwidth growth in many dimensions  Core – Optical bandwidth - (155mb/s ® 1Tb/s)  Core Metro – DWDM optical aggregation – (2.4Gb/s ® N*10Gb/s)  Metro – Access for businesses (T1 ® OC3, 100FX, 1-Gb/s)  Access – Cable, DSL, 3G – (28kb/s®10mb/s, 1.5mb/s, 384kb/s)  LAN – (10mbp/s ® 10Gbp/s) Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 22
  • 23. Why Does This Matter?  How do these photonic breakthroughs affect us?  This is a radical change to the current internet architecture  WAN starts to be no longer the bottleneck  How congestion control/avoidance affected?  Why DiffServ if you can get all the bandwidth that you need? Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 23  Why do we need QoS?  Why do we need cache? (if we can have big pipes)  Where to put the data? (centralized, distributed)  What changes in network architecture needed?  What changes in system architecture needed?  Distributed computing, central computing, cluster computing  Any changes to the current routing?
  • 24. Movie Distribution  Each movie theater in a large area (SF, New York, Houston) requests 1 hour of bandwidth a week (OC192)  All movies transferred during this time  Efficient use of expensive but necessary fat pipe Minicomputer Terminal Server City City FDDI Ring Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 24
  • 25. Move to optical  The key is to find a way to use the infrastructure that we have available in an efficient manner  What services are available? What can we do?  Challenges? Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 25
  • 26. New type of businesses  Data warehousing: no more mailing tapes  Have tape vaults with gigabit connectivity  Data is sent optically to destination, where it is written to magnetic tape Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 26
  • 27. Abundant Bandwidth Why does this change the playground?  Optical core bandwidth is growing in an order of magnitude every 2 years, 4 orders of magnitude in 9 years  1992 – 100Mbs (100FX, OC-3)  2001 – 1.6Tbs (160 DWDM of OC-192)  OC-768 (40Gbs) on single l is commercial. (80Gbs in lab)  2-3 orders of magnitude bandwidth growth in many dimensions  Core – Optical bandwidth - (155mb/s ® 1Tb/s)  Core Metro – DWDM optical aggregation – (2.4Gb/s ® N*10Gb/s)  Metro – Access for businesses (T1 ® OC3, 100FX, 1-Gb/s)  Access – Cable, DSL, 3G – (28kb/s®10mb/s, 1.5mb/s, 384kb/s)  LAN – (10mbp/s ® 10Gbp/s) Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 27
  • 28. How this Affects our Lives? What are the new applications to use this abundant bandwidth?  Distance learning?  Telecommuting? (for the average person, not us)  Broadcasting?(I want to see TV channel 48 from Japan)  Video conference? What else? (this is a BIG question)  What are the new applications and services? Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 28
  • 29. Need for new services  Optical networking is evolving Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 29  Much more bandwidth  Agile reconfiguring of light path  Need to take advantage of this and tie it to applications and services  Need to define the glue and the interface between the applications and lower levels.  Can’t do computation in the optical core  Need to move the intelligence from the core to the edge.  I’d like to focus and formulate a research program in this area of providing intelligent services at the Optical core.
  • 30. Where are the bottlenecks  Optical networking is evolving  As soon as one problem is solved, the bottleneck is moving to a new place  Currently it looks like the bottleneck is at the first mile  Streaming media - bottleneck push on routers  Much more bandwidth in the MAN move the bottlenecks away from the access and the edge  Peering points between service provides Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 30
  • 31. Streaming media as bandwidth driver  Streaming needs big pipes – 2-3 orders or magnitudes more than web surfing.  Speed of 3Mbs is about 1GB per hour  Constant traffic (can be turn on for hours with no one watching)  Web looks like a big traffic driver on the edge – but it is small traffic on the core.  One hour web, 10 second a page, 360 pages, 10KB page  3.6MB Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 31
  • 32. EFM –Ethernet First Mile  Ethernet at the first mile start to be attractive.  Drive more bandwidth to the end users Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 32  Three proposals :  22Mbs on the current phone line  PON –Passive Optical Network – split the optical link to 4 and additional 8 total 32 customers (60Mbs per residence)  Point-to-point optical – more expansive  SBC and alike are interested.  The tight of way is the main issue. Optical fibers work fine in harsh environment  Sewer net, Power line, Gas line, water line.
  • 33. Where are the bottlenecks  Optical networking is evolving  As soon as one problem is solved, the bottleneck is moving to a new place  Currently it looks like the bottleneck is at the first mile  Streaming media - bottleneck push on routers  Much more bandwidth in the MAN move the bottlenecks away from the access and the edge  Peering points between service provides Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 33
  • 34. Need for new services  Optical networking is evolving Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 34  Much more bandwidth  Agile reconfiguring of light path  Need to take advantage of this and tie it to applications and services  Need to define the glue and the interface between the applications and lower levels.  Can’t do computation in the optical core  Need to move the intelligence from the core to the edge.  I’d like to focus and formulate a research program in this area of providing intelligent services at the Optical core.
  • 35. If we had the bandwidth…  What if we all had 100Mb/s at home?  Killer apps, other apps, services  Peer-to-peer video swapping  Is it TV, HDTV, something else?  What if we had larger pipes at businesses?  1Gbs home office, 10GE/DWDM large organizations  How would the network architecture look, if we solve the last mile problem? Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 35
  • 36.  DWDM – phenomenal growth  Abundant bandwidth  Underline optical technologies  The access is still bottleneck  Reliability and protection Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 36 Summary
  • 37. What is WDM? Data Channel 1 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) acts as “optical funnel” using different colors of light (wavelengths) for each signal Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 37 Data Channel 2 Data Channel 3 Data Channel n Optical Fibre Source: Prof. Raj Jain Ohio U
  • 38. Wavelength Division Multiplexing Berkeley Dec 2 , 2003 - 38 Source: ??

Editor's Notes

  1. Enterprise employees have been able to communicate across their Local Area Network (LAN) without much concern over format or rate; Ethernet 10Bt and 100Bt are common in almost all enterprises. The enterprise bottleneck to the Wide Area Network (WAN) has always been constrained to the traditional voice telecommunication rates of DS0 (64Kb/s), DS1 and on rare occasions DS3. Format conversion and adaptation is required for any data communication beyond the LAN. The service provider is seen simply as a “middleman”, providing network connectivity with no value-added content, leaving them susceptible to customer churn as lowered priced offerings become available. Bandwidth capacity has been increasing in the service provider WAN as OC-48 and OC-192 optical backbones have been deployed. Bandwidth has also been increasing in the enterprise LAN as they have deployed Fast Ethernet and 1G Ethernet connections in their corporate networks. A bandwidth bottleneck still exists, however, at the connection between the LAN and the WAN, the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).
  2. <number>
  3. This happened with microprocessors getting cheap and small…ended the era of mainframes
  4. <number>
  5. <number>
  6. <number>
  7. <number>
  8. <number>
  9. <number>
  10. <number>
  11. <number>
  12. <number>
  13. <number>
  14. <number>
  15. <number>
  16. This happened with microprocessors getting cheap and small…ended the era of mainframes
  17. <number> Wave Division Multiplexing consists in taking optical signals (each carrying information at a certain bit rate), giving this optical signal a colour (wavelength) and then combining and sending them down the same fibre. Each piece of equipment sending an optical signal has the illusion of having it own fibre. If we go back to our road analogy and getting more cars to go from A to B, WDM gets more cars to travel, not by increasing their speed but by getting them to travel in parallel in their own dedicated lane. Traffic in each ‘lane’ can travel at a different speed - each lane is independent (so this not like a motorway). The wavelengths used for WDM are chosen in a certain range of frequencies (around 1550nm) or window. This will be clarified later.