Optical networking is evolving
Much more bandwidth
Agile reconfiguring of light path
Need to take advantage of this and tie it to applications and services
Need to define the glue and the interface between the applications and lower levels.
Can’t do computation in the optical core
Need to move the intelligence from the core to the edge.
Handle increase in IP traffic
Moore’s law doesn’t apply here
1984: 50Mbps, 2001: 6.4Tbps
Reduce cost of transmitting a bit
Cost/bit down by 99% in last 5 years
Enable new applications and services by pushing optics towards the edges
Fiber capabilities/WDM
Wavelengths can be time-division multiplexed into a series of aggregated connections
Sets of wavelengths can be spaced into wavebands
Switching can be done by wavebands or wavelengths
1 Cable can do multi terabits/sec
Next Generation Optical Networking: Software-Defined Optical NetworkingADVA
Check out Stephan Rettenberger’s presentation from the Next Generation Optical Networking Conference in Monaco. It's all about Software Defined Optical Networking.
Handle increase in IP traffic
Moore’s law doesn’t apply here
1984: 50Mbps, 2001: 6.4Tbps
Reduce cost of transmitting a bit
Cost/bit down by 99% in last 5 years
Enable new applications and services by pushing optics towards the edges
Fiber capabilities/WDM
Wavelengths can be time-division multiplexed into a series of aggregated connections
Sets of wavelengths can be spaced into wavebands
Switching can be done by wavebands or wavelengths
1 Cable can do multi terabits/sec
Next Generation Optical Networking: Software-Defined Optical NetworkingADVA
Check out Stephan Rettenberger’s presentation from the Next Generation Optical Networking Conference in Monaco. It's all about Software Defined Optical Networking.
Laser Communication is an emerging area of wireless communication .It refers to transmission of modulated visible and IR beams through atmosphere.Its data rate is 30 times higher than Radio waves.
Implications of super channels on CDC ROADM architecturesAnuj Malik
OFC 2014 Presentation
This study proposes CDC ROADM architecture compatible with emerging DWDM super-channel technology. A real world network model is used to quantify that this architecture requires fewer network components leading to less capital and operational costs.
White Paper: Evolving Technolgies for Mobile Front and BackhaulingSusmita Adhikari Joshi
While fibers are mostly being deployed in the backhaul networks, a new approach of building flexible mobile networks is being pushed forward where fiber is also used from the base station to the antenna, which is called fronthaul.
White Paper-Evolution from 10Gbps to 100Gbps for a Metro Network-hsSusmita Adhikari Joshi
Overlaying flourishing 10 Gb/s services with additional co-propagating 10 Gb/s channels in different colors, or wavelengths, is already common practice. Network operators eager to increase capacity have begun overlaying 40 Gb/s channels onto available fiber without leasing more dark fibers as the best pragmatic approach. With the advent of 100G technology, the interest is now shifting from 40G to 100G installations.
In this paper, we delve into the basics of existing monitoring technology and discuss an interesting in-service real-time monitoring solution that provides instantaneous root cause of
the fault without any influence on data traffic. Furthermore, applications of this novel technology are also illustrated.
Performance Tradeoffs of 120 Gb/s DP-QPSK in ROADM SystemsADVA
Check out Mark Filer and Sorin Tibuleac's IEEE IPC 2013 slides on performance tradeoffs of 120 Gb/s DP-QPSK in ROADM systems employing broadcast-and-select versus route-and-select architectures
This presentation provides a primer in current 100G technology developments, with a focus on the two market available 100G transport approaches: multicarrier direct detection and single carrier coherent. Additionally, different application scenarios with hybrid 10G/100G and multiple 100G transmissions are discussed elucidating fiber impairments and compensation techniques.
It is important to plan protection against failures to ensure a high level of network performance, especially for networks where every second of the interruption in the data traffic leads to economic dismay and also exhaustion of valuable resources (time and expert personnel) that would be much appreciated elsewhere. The fronthauling or backhauling network and enterprise access networks can thus benefit from the classical technique of multipath transmission.
OBS network is a optical communication network.
Data is transported in variable sized units called Bursts.
Dynamic nature leads to high network adaptability and scalability.
Promising solution for all optical network.
Overcomes the complexity of OPS & OCS.
ASON – Automatically Switched Optical Networks
Dynamically switch the light path
Enabler for many applications
Controlled by UNI and NNI – Allow applications to set the light path
Allow to add the intelligence into the optical core
ASON:
The Automatic Switched Optical Network (ASON) is both a framework and a technology capability.
As a framework that describes a control and management architecture for an automatic switched optical transport network.
As a technology, it refers to routing and signalling protocols applied to an optical network which enable dynamic path setup.
Recently changed names to Automatic Switched Transport Network (G.ASTN)
Laser Communication is an emerging area of wireless communication .It refers to transmission of modulated visible and IR beams through atmosphere.Its data rate is 30 times higher than Radio waves.
Implications of super channels on CDC ROADM architecturesAnuj Malik
OFC 2014 Presentation
This study proposes CDC ROADM architecture compatible with emerging DWDM super-channel technology. A real world network model is used to quantify that this architecture requires fewer network components leading to less capital and operational costs.
White Paper: Evolving Technolgies for Mobile Front and BackhaulingSusmita Adhikari Joshi
While fibers are mostly being deployed in the backhaul networks, a new approach of building flexible mobile networks is being pushed forward where fiber is also used from the base station to the antenna, which is called fronthaul.
White Paper-Evolution from 10Gbps to 100Gbps for a Metro Network-hsSusmita Adhikari Joshi
Overlaying flourishing 10 Gb/s services with additional co-propagating 10 Gb/s channels in different colors, or wavelengths, is already common practice. Network operators eager to increase capacity have begun overlaying 40 Gb/s channels onto available fiber without leasing more dark fibers as the best pragmatic approach. With the advent of 100G technology, the interest is now shifting from 40G to 100G installations.
In this paper, we delve into the basics of existing monitoring technology and discuss an interesting in-service real-time monitoring solution that provides instantaneous root cause of
the fault without any influence on data traffic. Furthermore, applications of this novel technology are also illustrated.
Performance Tradeoffs of 120 Gb/s DP-QPSK in ROADM SystemsADVA
Check out Mark Filer and Sorin Tibuleac's IEEE IPC 2013 slides on performance tradeoffs of 120 Gb/s DP-QPSK in ROADM systems employing broadcast-and-select versus route-and-select architectures
This presentation provides a primer in current 100G technology developments, with a focus on the two market available 100G transport approaches: multicarrier direct detection and single carrier coherent. Additionally, different application scenarios with hybrid 10G/100G and multiple 100G transmissions are discussed elucidating fiber impairments and compensation techniques.
It is important to plan protection against failures to ensure a high level of network performance, especially for networks where every second of the interruption in the data traffic leads to economic dismay and also exhaustion of valuable resources (time and expert personnel) that would be much appreciated elsewhere. The fronthauling or backhauling network and enterprise access networks can thus benefit from the classical technique of multipath transmission.
OBS network is a optical communication network.
Data is transported in variable sized units called Bursts.
Dynamic nature leads to high network adaptability and scalability.
Promising solution for all optical network.
Overcomes the complexity of OPS & OCS.
ASON – Automatically Switched Optical Networks
Dynamically switch the light path
Enabler for many applications
Controlled by UNI and NNI – Allow applications to set the light path
Allow to add the intelligence into the optical core
ASON:
The Automatic Switched Optical Network (ASON) is both a framework and a technology capability.
As a framework that describes a control and management architecture for an automatic switched optical transport network.
As a technology, it refers to routing and signalling protocols applied to an optical network which enable dynamic path setup.
Recently changed names to Automatic Switched Transport Network (G.ASTN)
Kyeong Soo Kim, Academic Weeks Videoconference Session with Pakistan COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Swansea University, Swansea, Wales UK, Dec. 14, 2010.
At the Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers Expo 2014, Andy Smith of Juniper Networks presented Juniper’s vision and architecture for a cable oriented packet optical core and metro transport system. Access insights and network diagrams in his presentation and learn more in his blog post: http://juni.pr/1rwapCG.
Services and applications’ infrastructure for agile optical networksTal Lavian Ph.D.
Huge advancements in optical devices, components and networking.
The underline of the Internet is optical – How can we take advantage of this?
How can the applications take advantage of this?
Agile Optical Network is starting to appear. What services and interfaces we’ll need between the optical control and the applications?
What are the applications?
The Internet architecture was built on some 15-20 years old assumptions. Are some modifications needed?
Is packet switching good for all? In some cases, is circuit switching better? (move TeraBytes of SAN date, P2P, Streaming)
End-to-End Argument – Is is valid for all cases?
What cases not? What instead?
The current Internet architecture is based on L3. What is needed in order to offer services in L1-L2?
Computation vs. Bandwidth 10X in 5 years
Significant amount of research and development has been made in the field of core network and it operates in hundreds Gigabits per second (Gbps) speed currently. But on seeing the growth in bandwidth demand in the access network which is exploding day by day, the only promising solution is to upgrade the access network. So it is essential to have an efficient access network that can operate at high functional speeds to support differentiated services like Video on Demand (VOD), High Definition TV, video conferencing, Telemedicine, Uploading and Downloading jumbo files. Apart from these access network always been sensitive to cost and geographical region of coverage it can handle. So internet service providers will have to make a tradeoff between capital expenditure (CAPEX), operational expenditure (OPEX) and geographical region of coverage.
There are mainly five types of access network APON, BPON, GPON, EPON and 10G-EPON. APON provides 622 Mbps of downstream bandwidth and 155 Mbps of upstream. GPON was the advanced version of the BPON and support at a rate of 2.444 Mbps and 1.42 Mbps in downstream and upstream data rate. EPON has symmetry of 1Gbps of upstream and downstream rates. EPON is totally data-centric based on voice, video and data. 10G-EPON is capable of providing broadband access to large number of customers in metropolitan area. Due to the advancement in the optical technology, 10G-EPON (IEEE 803.2av) provides 1Gbps and 10Gbps upstream and downstream data rate with distance more than 20 km.
View all Sessions
Kashif Islam, Solutions Architect , Cisco
Jay Romero, Sr. Director, IT Operations , Erickson Living
Come and learn how Erickson Living achieved deployment success using Cisco ME4600 based GPON Solution. Guest Presenter: Jay Romero, Sr.Director - IT Operations. Passive Optical Networks (PON) provides an effective and efficient way of providing fiber based high speed access to residential and business users. With the ever-growing demand for higher bandwidth, service providers are looking for fiber solutions that are cost-effective and easy to deploy and manage. This session will provide an insight into PON technology, with a focus on Gigabit-Capable PON. Attendees will learn basic design principles and applicable use cases for architecting a GPON Network using the Cisco ME4600 OLT and ONT/ONU. The presentation will outline the requirements to configure and verify an end-to-end service over ME4600 OLT. Redundancy mechanisms, such as Type B protection, in a GPON based environment will also be covered Attendees will walk away from this session with a firm understanding of the GPON technology, a clear view of applicability of GPON vs point-to-point ethernet for varius scenarios and reference designs for an effective, fast and reliable GPON network using Cisco ME4600 series of OLT and ONT products.
- Seminar, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng., University of California, Davis, CA, USA, May 14, 2004.
- Seminar, Dept. of Electrical and Systems Eng., Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA, Dec. 3, 2004.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Embodiments of the present invention present a method and apparatus for photonic line sharing for high-speed routers. Photonic switches receive high-speed optical data streams and produce the data streams to a router operating according to routing logic and produce optical data streams according to destination addresses stored in the data packets. Each photonic switch can be configured as one of a 1:N multiplexer or an M:N cross-connect switch. In one embodiment, optical data is converted to electrical data prior to routing, while an alternate embodiment routes only optical data. Another embodiment transfers large volumes of high-speed data through an optical bypass line in a circuit switched network to bypass the switch fabric thereby routing the data packets directly to the destination. An edge device selects one of the packet switched network or the circuit switched network. The bypass resources are released when the large volume of high-speed data is transferred.
Systems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a networkTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide for providing support for sharing and exchanging in a network. The system includes a memory coupled to a processor. The memory includes a database comprising information corresponding to first users and the second users. Each of the first users and the second users are facilitated for sharing or exchanging activity, service or product, based on one or more conditions corresponding thereto. Further, the memory includes one or more instructions executable by the processor to match each of the first users to at least one of the second users. Furthermore, the instructions may inform each of the first users about the match with the at least one of the second users when all the conditions are met by the at least one second user based on the information corresponding to each of the second users.
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menuTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for generating an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) database, the system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory comprising a list of telephone numbers associated with one or more destinations implementing IVR menus, wherein the one or more destinations are grouped based on a plurality of categories of the IVR menus. Further the memory includes instructions executable by said processor for automatically communicating with the one of more destinations, and receiving at least one customization record from said at least one destination to store in the IVR database.
Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through proxy functions. At times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. In some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Systems and methods for electronic communicationsTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for enhancing user interaction with the Internet of Things. The system includes a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory includes a database having one or more options corresponding to each of the Internet of Things. The memory further includes instructions executable by the processor to share at least one of the one or more options with one or more users of the things. Further, the instructions receive information corresponding to selection of the at least one option by the one or more users. Additionally, the instructions update the database based on the selection of the at least one option by the one or more users. Further, a device for enhancing interaction with the things is also disclosed.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An object detection system for autonomous vehicle, comprising a radar unit and at least one ultra-low phase noise frequency synthesizer, is provided. The radar unit configured for detecting the presence and characteristics of one or more objects in various directions. The radar unit may include a transmitter for transmitting at least one radio signal; and a receiver for receiving the at least one radio signal returned from the one or more objects. The ultra-low phase noise frequency synthesizer may utilize Clocking device, Sampling Reference PLL, at least one fixed frequency divider, DDS and main PLL to reduce phase noise from the returned radio signal. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art Radar Systems by providing much lower level of phase noise which would result in improved performance of the radar system in terms of target detection, characterization etc. Further, a method for autonomous vehicle is also disclosed.
Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through proxy functions. At times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. In some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay networkTal Lavian Ph.D.
A method and apparatus for resource scheduling on a switched underlay network (18) enables coordination, scheduling, and scheduling optimization to take place taking into account the availability of the data and the network resources comprising the switched underlay network (18). Requested transfers may be fulfilled by assessing the requested transfer parameters, the availability of the network resources required to fulfill the request, the availability of the data to be transferred, the availability of sufficient storage resources to receive the data, and other potentially conflicting requested transfers. In one embodiment, the requests are under-constrained to enable transfer scheduling optimization to occur. The under-constrained nature of the requests enable transfer scheduling optimization to occur. The under-constrained nature of the requests enables requests to be scheduled taking into account factors such as transfer priority, transfer duration, the amount of time it has been since the transfer request was submitted, and many other factors.
Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An apparatus and method for dynamic assignment of classes of traffic to a priority queue. Bandwidth consumption by one or more types of packet traffic received in the packet forwarding device is monitored to determine whether the bandwidth consumption exceeds a threshold. If the bandwidth consumption exceeds the threshold, assignment of at least one type of packet traffic of the one or more types of packet traffic is changed from a queue having a first priority to a queue having a second priority.
Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An XML accessible network device is capable of performing functions in response to an XML encoded request transmitted over a network. It includes a network data transfer service, coupled to a network, that is capable of receiving XML encoded requests from a client also connected to the network. A service engine is capable of understanding and parsing the XML encoded requests according to a corresponding DTD. The service engine further instantiates a service using parameters provided in the XML encoded request and launches the service for execution on the network device in accordance with a command design parameter. A set of device APIs interacts with hardware and software on the network device for executing the requested service on the network device. If necessary, a response is further collected from the device and provided to the client in a response message.
Embodiments of the invention provide means to the users of the system to provide ratings and corresponding feedback for enhancing the genuineness in the ratings. The system includes a memory coupled to a processor. The memory includes one or more instructions executable by the processor to enable the users of the system to rate each other based on at least one of sharing, exchanging, and selling one of activity, service or product. The system may provide a mechanism to encourage genuineness in ratings provided by the users. Furthermore, the instructions facilitate the rating receivers to provide feedbacks corresponding to the received ratings. The feedback includes accepting or objecting to a particular rating. Moreover, the memory includes instructions executable by the processor to enable the system to determine genuineness of an objection raised by a rating receiver.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a system for enhancing reliability in computation of ratings provided by a user over a social network. The system comprises of a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory further comprises a rater score database, a satisfaction database, a social network registration database, a user profile database, and a plurality of instruction executable by the processor. Said instructions in the memory are enabled to accept a message from at least one user wherein said message comprises a satisfaction score associated with at least one service provider and to retrieve a rater score associated with said at least one user from said rater score database. Further, the memory includes instructions in order to compute a new satisfaction score based on said rater score and said satisfaction score and update said satisfaction database to include said new satisfaction score. In a similar manner, the new satisfaction score can be computed based upon the information stored in the social network registration database and user profile database.
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menuTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for generating an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) database, the system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory comprising a list of telephone numbers associated with one or more destinations implementing IVR menus, wherein the one or more destinations are grouped based on a plurality of categories of the IVR menus. Further the memory includes instructions executable by said processor for automatically communicating with the one of more destinations, and receiving at least one customization record from said at least one destination to store in the IVR database.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
2. Need for new services
Multi Unicast - 2
Optical networking is evolving
Much more bandwidth
Agile reconfiguring of light path
Need to take advantage of this and tie it to applications and services
Need to define the glue and the interface between the applications and
lower levels.
Can’t do computation in the optical core
Need to move the intelligence from the core to the edge.
I’d like to find what is the right research in this area and focus on
this.
3. Streaming media as bandwidth
driver
Streaming needs big pipes – 2-3 orders or magnitudes more than web
surfing.
Speed of 3Mbs is about 1GB per hour
Constant traffic (can be turn on for hours with no one watching)
Web looks like a big traffic driver on the edge – but it is small traffic
on the core.
One hour web, 10 second a page, 360 pages, 10KB page 3.6MB
Multi Unicast - 3
4. Optical Ethernet – RPR
RPR – Resilient Packet Ring – IEEE 802.17
Ethernet over MAN (Ethernet is winning all time)
Distributed L2 switch over MAN
Can have one part of the same subnet at SF, another part in SJ and SC
Virtual organization over MAN with NO routing.
Started to be deployed in the field
Multi Unicast - 4
Cost – much cheaper than WAN
5. ASON – Automatically
Switched Optical Networks
Multi Unicast - 5
Dynamically switch the light path
Enabler for many applications
Controlled by UNI and NNI – Allow applications to set the light path
Allow to add the intelligence into the optical core
6. EFM –Ethernet First Mile
Ethernet at the first mile start to be attractive.
Drive more bandwidth to the end users
Multi Unicast - 6
Three proposals :
22Mbs on the current phone line
PON –Passive Optical Network – split the optical link to 4 and additional 8
total 32 customers (60Mbs per residence)
Point-to-point optical – more expansive
SBC and alike are interested.
The tight of way is the main issue. Optical fibers work fine in harsh
environment
Sewer net, Power line, Gas line, water line.
7. Where are the bottlenecks
Multi Unicast - 7
Optical networking is evolving
Much more bandwidth
Agile reconfiguring of light path
As soon as one problem is solved, the bottleneck is moving to a new
place
Currently it looks like the bottleneck is at the first mile
Streaming media - bottleneck push on routers
Much more bandwidth in the MAN move the bottlenecks away from
the access and the edge
Peering points between service provides
8. OXC – Optical Cross Connect
Optical cross connects – less need for core routing
Fat pipes replace core routers with NO delay
It looks more like circuit switching instead of packet switching (ouhh)
MPLS, MPlS, LDP – Label Distribution Protocol – room for binding it
to services on the edge.
UNI - User Network Interface , - allow the end machines and edge to
send service request to the core
NNI – Network Network Interface, - control of the core (if the core
agree to provide the service, might say no)
Multi Unicast - 8