Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through proxy functions. At times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. In some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8078708?dq=US+8078708&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mnFSVOLRNI2A8QXyt4GgBA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through proxy functions. At times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. In some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8341257?dq=US+8341257&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Zm1SVMvBD6OimQXAsYKQDw&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
DWDM-RAM: Enabling Grid Services with Dynamic Optical NetworksTal Lavian Ph.D.
Advances in Grid technology enable the deployment of data-intensive distributed applications, which require moving Terabytes or even Petabytes of data
between data banks. The current underlying networks cannot provide dedicated links with adequate end-to-end sustained bandwidth to support the requirements of these Grid applications. DWDM-RAM1 is a novel service-oriented architecture, which harnesses the enormous bandwidth potential of optical networks and demonstrates their on-demand nsage on the OMNlnet. Preliminary experiments suggest that dynamic optical networks, such as the OMNlnet, are the ideal option for transferring such massive amounts of data. DWDM-RAM incorporates an OGSI/OGSA compliant service interface and will promote greater convergence between dynamic optical networks and data intensive Grid computing.
Mobile Ad HOC networks (MANET’S) are networks in which all nodes are mobile and
communicate with each other via wireless connections. Nodes can join or leave the network at any
time. There is no fixed infrastructure. Research and industries are recently more interesting and
attracting to the VANET and MANET development domain. A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET)
is a subclass of MANET. In this paper, we propose Bee Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Network, in
which a new quality of service multipath routing protocol adapted for the VANET. This algorithm is
a reactive source routing algorithm and consumes less energy as compared to DSDV, AODV, DSR
routing algorithms because a fewer control packets for routing are sent as compared to other
networks.
ALL ABOUT DATA AGGREGATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSEditor IJCTER
A wireless sensor network is a computer network that consists of small devices called
sensor nodes. These sensor nodes have the ability to sense different environmental conditions like
temperature, pressure, etc. All these sensor nodes send their data to a central node or base station.
This creates a large communication overhead the energy source for these nodes is usually a battery.
This gives rise to huge consumption of energy and resources. So a solution is required that
overcomes the above problems. Data aggregation is one of its solutions. This method consists of
aggregators that combine the data coming from the sensor nodes and then passes it to the base
station. With the help of data aggregation we reduce the energy consumption by eliminating
redundancy and we can enhance the life time of wireless network. The purpose of the proposed paper
is to explain data aggregation in wireless sensor network, how it works, different techniques of data
aggregation and the comparison among them.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8078708?dq=US+8078708&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mnFSVOLRNI2A8QXyt4GgBA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through proxy functions. At times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. In some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8341257?dq=US+8341257&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Zm1SVMvBD6OimQXAsYKQDw&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
DWDM-RAM: Enabling Grid Services with Dynamic Optical NetworksTal Lavian Ph.D.
Advances in Grid technology enable the deployment of data-intensive distributed applications, which require moving Terabytes or even Petabytes of data
between data banks. The current underlying networks cannot provide dedicated links with adequate end-to-end sustained bandwidth to support the requirements of these Grid applications. DWDM-RAM1 is a novel service-oriented architecture, which harnesses the enormous bandwidth potential of optical networks and demonstrates their on-demand nsage on the OMNlnet. Preliminary experiments suggest that dynamic optical networks, such as the OMNlnet, are the ideal option for transferring such massive amounts of data. DWDM-RAM incorporates an OGSI/OGSA compliant service interface and will promote greater convergence between dynamic optical networks and data intensive Grid computing.
Mobile Ad HOC networks (MANET’S) are networks in which all nodes are mobile and
communicate with each other via wireless connections. Nodes can join or leave the network at any
time. There is no fixed infrastructure. Research and industries are recently more interesting and
attracting to the VANET and MANET development domain. A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET)
is a subclass of MANET. In this paper, we propose Bee Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Network, in
which a new quality of service multipath routing protocol adapted for the VANET. This algorithm is
a reactive source routing algorithm and consumes less energy as compared to DSDV, AODV, DSR
routing algorithms because a fewer control packets for routing are sent as compared to other
networks.
ALL ABOUT DATA AGGREGATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSEditor IJCTER
A wireless sensor network is a computer network that consists of small devices called
sensor nodes. These sensor nodes have the ability to sense different environmental conditions like
temperature, pressure, etc. All these sensor nodes send their data to a central node or base station.
This creates a large communication overhead the energy source for these nodes is usually a battery.
This gives rise to huge consumption of energy and resources. So a solution is required that
overcomes the above problems. Data aggregation is one of its solutions. This method consists of
aggregators that combine the data coming from the sensor nodes and then passes it to the base
station. With the help of data aggregation we reduce the energy consumption by eliminating
redundancy and we can enhance the life time of wireless network. The purpose of the proposed paper
is to explain data aggregation in wireless sensor network, how it works, different techniques of data
aggregation and the comparison among them.
Method and apparatus for preconditioning data to be transferred on a switched...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
Data may be preconditioned to be transferred on a switched underlay network to alleviate the data access and transfer rate mismatch, so that large files may be effectively transferred on the network at optical networking speeds. A data meta-manager service may be provided on the network to interface a data source and/or data target to prepare a data file for transmission, such as by dividing a large file into multiple pieces and causing those pieces to be stored on multiple storage subsystems. The file may then be read from the multiple storage subsystems simultaneously and multiplexed onto scheduled resources on the network. This enables the high bandwidth transfer resource to be filled by a data transfer without requiring the storage subsystem to be augmented to output the data at the network transfer rate. The file may be de-multiplexed at the data target to one or more storage subsystems.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050076173?dq=20050076173&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2eJVVJShKdPbuQSjsIDoAQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
An Exploration of Grid Computing to be Utilized in Teaching and Research at TUEswar Publications
Taiz University (TU) has a hundreds of computing resources on different campuses for use in areas from offices work to general access student labs. However, these resources are not used to their full potential. Grid computing is a technology that is capable to unify these resources and utilize them in very significant way. The difficulties of funding a complete grid computing environment and also, the difficulties of grid tools makes teachers and researchers in TU unable to involve in teaching and research in grid computing or in distributed computing. These problems raised up our awareness to mitigate this problem by build a simple environment for Grid
computing from resources are available in TU and the built environment we can use it for teaching and research.
The objective of this paper is to build, implement and testing a grid computing environment (Globus Toolkit). To achieving this objective we built the hardware and software parts, and configured several basic grid services commands line and web portal. The test result for basic grid services have been indicated that our proposed grid computing model is promising and can use in teaching and research in TU. The paper takes a look at how grid computing is realizing this aim and have created unbelievable opportunities for students, teachers and
researchers at TU in addition the result of this paper will make TU a pilot to the other universities in whole Yemen in field of Grid and distributing computing.
HYBRID OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL NETWORK FLOWS SCHEDULING IN CLOUD DATA CENTRESijcsit
Hybrid intra-data centre networks, with optical and electrical capabilities, are attracting research interest
in recent years. This is attributed to the emergence of new bandwidth greedy applications and novel
computing paradigms. A key decision to make in networks of this type is the selection and placement of
suitable flows for switching in circuit network. Here, we propose an efficient strategy for flow selection and
placement suitable for hybrid Intra-cloud data centre networks. We further present techniques for
investigating bottlenecks in a packet networks and for the selection of flows to switch in circuit network.
The bottleneck technique is verified on a Software Defined Network (SDN) testbed. We also implemented
the techniques presented here in a scalable simulation experiment to investigate the impact of flow
selection on network performance. Results obtained from scalable simulation experiment indicate a
considerable improvement on average throughput, lower configuration delay, and stability of offloaded
flows..
A Cooperative Cache Management Scheme for IEEE802.15.4 based Wireless Sensor ...IJECEIAES
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and PHY layer standards is a recent trend in the market. It has gained tremendous attention due to its low energy consumption characteristics and low data rates. However, for larger networks minimizing energy consumption is still an issue because of the dissemination of large overheads throughout the network. This consumption of energy can be reduced by incorporating a novel cooperative caching scheme to minimize overheads and to serve data with minimal latency and thereby reduce the energy consumption. This paper explores the possibilities to enhance the energy efficiency by incorporating a cooperative caching strategy.
Energy Efficient Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Surveyijsrd.com
The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is anticipated to bring lot of changes in data gathering, processing and dissemination for different environments and applications. However, a WSN is a power constrained system, since nodes run on limited power batteries which shorten its lifespan. Prolonging the network lifetime depends on efficient management of sensing node energy resource. Energy consumption is therefore one of the most crucial design issues in WSN. Hierarchical routing protocols are best known in regard to energy efficiency. By using a clustering technique hierarchical routing protocols greatly minimize energy consumed in collecting and disseminating data. To prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes, designing efficient routing protocols is critical. In this paper, we have discussed various energy efficient data aggregation protocols for sensor networks.
My presentation at the smart energy summit held in Singapore, March 2019. My talk focused on how to harness grid digitization capabilities to improve Distribution network reliability & integrate distributed renewable resources effectively.
ENERGY SAVINGS IN APPLICATIONS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS TIME CRITICAL REQ...IJCNCJournal
Along with handling and poor storage capacity, each sensor in wireless sensor network (WSN) is equipped
with a limited power source and very difficult to be replaced in most application environments. Improving
the energy savings in applications for wireless sensor networks is necessary. In this paper, we mainly focus
on energy consumption savings in applications for wireless sensor networks time critical requirements. Our
Paper accompanying analysis of advanced technologies for energy saving techniques for the optimization
of energy efficiency together with the data transmission is optimal. Moreover, we propose improvements to
increase energy savings in applications for wireless sensor networks require time critical (LEACH
improvements). Simulation results show that our proposed protocol significantly better than LEACH about
the formation of clusters in each round, the average power, the number of nodes alive and average total
received data in base stations.
Power consumption prediction in cloud data center using machine learningIJECEIAES
The flourishing development of the cloud computing paradigm provides several ser- vices in the industrial business world. Power consumption by cloud data centers is one of the crucial issues for service providers in the domain of cloud computing. Pursuant to the rapid technology enhancements in cloud environments and data centers augmentations, power utilization in data centers is expected to grow unabated. A diverse set of numerous connected devices, engaged with the ubiquitous cloud, results in unprecedented power utilization by the data centers, accompanied by increased carbon footprints. Nearly a million physical machines (PM) are running all over the data centers, along with (5 – 6) million virtual machines (VM). In the next five years, the power needs of this domain are expected to spiral up to 5% of global power production. The virtual machine power consumption reduction impacts the diminishing of the PM’s power, however further changing in power consumption of data center year by year, to aid the cloud vendors using prediction methods. The sudden fluctuation in power utilization will cause power outage in the cloud data centers. This paper aims to forecast the VM power consumption with the help of regressive predictive analysis, one of the Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The potency of this approach to make better predictions of future value, using Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) regressor which provides 91% of accuracy during the prediction process.
Efficiency enhancement using optimized static scheduling technique in TSCH ne...IJECEIAES
In recent times, the reliable and real-time data transmission becomes a mandatory requirement for various industries and organizations due to the large utilization of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. However, the IoT devices need high reliability, precise data exchange and low power utilization which cannot be achieved by the conventional Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols due to link failures and high interferences in the network. Therefore, the Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) networks can be used for link scheduling under the IEEE 802.15.4e standard. In this paper, we propose an Optimized Static Scheduling Technique (OSST) for the link scheduling in IEEE 802.15.4e based TSCH networks. In OSST the link schedule is optimized by considering the packet latency information during transmission by checking the status of the transmitted packets as well as keeping track of the lost data packets from source to destination nodes. We evaluate the proposed OSST model using 6TiSCH Simulator and compare the different performance metrics with Simple distributed TSCH Scheduling.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20140012991?dq=US+20140012991&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JrZXVJmkEIaJuASAzILwDw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for preconditioning data to be transferred on a switched...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
Data may be preconditioned to be transferred on a switched underlay network to alleviate the data access and transfer rate mismatch, so that large files may be effectively transferred on the network at optical networking speeds. A data meta-manager service may be provided on the network to interface a data source and/or data target to prepare a data file for transmission, such as by dividing a large file into multiple pieces and causing those pieces to be stored on multiple storage subsystems. The file may then be read from the multiple storage subsystems simultaneously and multiplexed onto scheduled resources on the network. This enables the high bandwidth transfer resource to be filled by a data transfer without requiring the storage subsystem to be augmented to output the data at the network transfer rate. The file may be de-multiplexed at the data target to one or more storage subsystems.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050076173?dq=20050076173&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2eJVVJShKdPbuQSjsIDoAQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
An Exploration of Grid Computing to be Utilized in Teaching and Research at TUEswar Publications
Taiz University (TU) has a hundreds of computing resources on different campuses for use in areas from offices work to general access student labs. However, these resources are not used to their full potential. Grid computing is a technology that is capable to unify these resources and utilize them in very significant way. The difficulties of funding a complete grid computing environment and also, the difficulties of grid tools makes teachers and researchers in TU unable to involve in teaching and research in grid computing or in distributed computing. These problems raised up our awareness to mitigate this problem by build a simple environment for Grid
computing from resources are available in TU and the built environment we can use it for teaching and research.
The objective of this paper is to build, implement and testing a grid computing environment (Globus Toolkit). To achieving this objective we built the hardware and software parts, and configured several basic grid services commands line and web portal. The test result for basic grid services have been indicated that our proposed grid computing model is promising and can use in teaching and research in TU. The paper takes a look at how grid computing is realizing this aim and have created unbelievable opportunities for students, teachers and
researchers at TU in addition the result of this paper will make TU a pilot to the other universities in whole Yemen in field of Grid and distributing computing.
HYBRID OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL NETWORK FLOWS SCHEDULING IN CLOUD DATA CENTRESijcsit
Hybrid intra-data centre networks, with optical and electrical capabilities, are attracting research interest
in recent years. This is attributed to the emergence of new bandwidth greedy applications and novel
computing paradigms. A key decision to make in networks of this type is the selection and placement of
suitable flows for switching in circuit network. Here, we propose an efficient strategy for flow selection and
placement suitable for hybrid Intra-cloud data centre networks. We further present techniques for
investigating bottlenecks in a packet networks and for the selection of flows to switch in circuit network.
The bottleneck technique is verified on a Software Defined Network (SDN) testbed. We also implemented
the techniques presented here in a scalable simulation experiment to investigate the impact of flow
selection on network performance. Results obtained from scalable simulation experiment indicate a
considerable improvement on average throughput, lower configuration delay, and stability of offloaded
flows..
A Cooperative Cache Management Scheme for IEEE802.15.4 based Wireless Sensor ...IJECEIAES
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and PHY layer standards is a recent trend in the market. It has gained tremendous attention due to its low energy consumption characteristics and low data rates. However, for larger networks minimizing energy consumption is still an issue because of the dissemination of large overheads throughout the network. This consumption of energy can be reduced by incorporating a novel cooperative caching scheme to minimize overheads and to serve data with minimal latency and thereby reduce the energy consumption. This paper explores the possibilities to enhance the energy efficiency by incorporating a cooperative caching strategy.
Energy Efficient Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Surveyijsrd.com
The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is anticipated to bring lot of changes in data gathering, processing and dissemination for different environments and applications. However, a WSN is a power constrained system, since nodes run on limited power batteries which shorten its lifespan. Prolonging the network lifetime depends on efficient management of sensing node energy resource. Energy consumption is therefore one of the most crucial design issues in WSN. Hierarchical routing protocols are best known in regard to energy efficiency. By using a clustering technique hierarchical routing protocols greatly minimize energy consumed in collecting and disseminating data. To prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes, designing efficient routing protocols is critical. In this paper, we have discussed various energy efficient data aggregation protocols for sensor networks.
My presentation at the smart energy summit held in Singapore, March 2019. My talk focused on how to harness grid digitization capabilities to improve Distribution network reliability & integrate distributed renewable resources effectively.
ENERGY SAVINGS IN APPLICATIONS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS TIME CRITICAL REQ...IJCNCJournal
Along with handling and poor storage capacity, each sensor in wireless sensor network (WSN) is equipped
with a limited power source and very difficult to be replaced in most application environments. Improving
the energy savings in applications for wireless sensor networks is necessary. In this paper, we mainly focus
on energy consumption savings in applications for wireless sensor networks time critical requirements. Our
Paper accompanying analysis of advanced technologies for energy saving techniques for the optimization
of energy efficiency together with the data transmission is optimal. Moreover, we propose improvements to
increase energy savings in applications for wireless sensor networks require time critical (LEACH
improvements). Simulation results show that our proposed protocol significantly better than LEACH about
the formation of clusters in each round, the average power, the number of nodes alive and average total
received data in base stations.
Power consumption prediction in cloud data center using machine learningIJECEIAES
The flourishing development of the cloud computing paradigm provides several ser- vices in the industrial business world. Power consumption by cloud data centers is one of the crucial issues for service providers in the domain of cloud computing. Pursuant to the rapid technology enhancements in cloud environments and data centers augmentations, power utilization in data centers is expected to grow unabated. A diverse set of numerous connected devices, engaged with the ubiquitous cloud, results in unprecedented power utilization by the data centers, accompanied by increased carbon footprints. Nearly a million physical machines (PM) are running all over the data centers, along with (5 – 6) million virtual machines (VM). In the next five years, the power needs of this domain are expected to spiral up to 5% of global power production. The virtual machine power consumption reduction impacts the diminishing of the PM’s power, however further changing in power consumption of data center year by year, to aid the cloud vendors using prediction methods. The sudden fluctuation in power utilization will cause power outage in the cloud data centers. This paper aims to forecast the VM power consumption with the help of regressive predictive analysis, one of the Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The potency of this approach to make better predictions of future value, using Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) regressor which provides 91% of accuracy during the prediction process.
Efficiency enhancement using optimized static scheduling technique in TSCH ne...IJECEIAES
In recent times, the reliable and real-time data transmission becomes a mandatory requirement for various industries and organizations due to the large utilization of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. However, the IoT devices need high reliability, precise data exchange and low power utilization which cannot be achieved by the conventional Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols due to link failures and high interferences in the network. Therefore, the Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) networks can be used for link scheduling under the IEEE 802.15.4e standard. In this paper, we propose an Optimized Static Scheduling Technique (OSST) for the link scheduling in IEEE 802.15.4e based TSCH networks. In OSST the link schedule is optimized by considering the packet latency information during transmission by checking the status of the transmitted packets as well as keeping track of the lost data packets from source to destination nodes. We evaluate the proposed OSST model using 6TiSCH Simulator and compare the different performance metrics with Simple distributed TSCH Scheduling.
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20140012991?dq=US+20140012991&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JrZXVJmkEIaJuASAzILwDw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
According to a new Gartner report1, “Around 10% of enterprise-generated data is created and processed outside a traditional centralized data center or cloud. By 2022, Gartner predicts this
figure will reach 75%”. In addition to hosting new 5G era services, the other major network operator driver for edge compute and edge clouds is deploying virtualized network infrastructure, replacing many dedicated hardware-based elements with virtual network functions (VNFs) running on general purpose edge compute. Even portions of access networks are being virtualized, and many of these functions need to be deployed close to end users. The combination of these infrastructure and applications drivers is a major reason that so much of 5G era network transformation resolves around edge cloud distribution.
Grid computing or network computing is developed to make the available electric power in the similar way
as it is available for the grid. For that we just plug in the power and whoever needs power, may use it. In
grid computing if a system needs more power than available it can share the computing with other
machines connected in a grid. In this way we can use the power of a super computer without a huge cost
and the CPU cycles that were wasted previously can also be utilized. For performing grid computation in
joined computers through the internet, the software must be installed which supports grid computation on
each computer inside the VO. The software handles information queries, storage management, processing
scheduling, authentication and data encryption to ensure information security.
Efficient architectural framework of cloud computing Souvik Pal
Cloud computing is that enables adaptive, favorable and on-demand network access to a collective pool of adjustable and configurable computing physical resources which networks, servers, bandwidth, storage that can be swiftly provisioned and released with negligible supervision endeavor or service provider interaction. From business prospective, the viable achievements of Cloud Computing and recent developments in Grid computing have brought the platform that has introduced virtualization technology into the era of high performance computing. However, clouds are Internet-based concept and try to disguise complexity overhead for end users. Cloud service providers (CSPs) use many structural designs combined with self-service capabilities and ready-to-use facilities for computing resources, which are enabled through network infrastructure especially the internet which is an important consideration. This paper provides an efficient architectural Framework for cloud computing that may lead to better performance and faster access.
Method and apparatus for transporting parcels of data using network elements ...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
A network element with network element storage and independent intelligence may be configured to provide temporary mass storage to facilitate the transfer of large files across an optical network. The network element may also be provided with intelligence to enable the network element to maintain a higher level understanding of the data flows. Using network element storage enables network elements involved in data transmission across the network to temporarily store data being transferred on the network. This allows parcels of data to be transmitted part way through the network when a complete path through the network is not available. It also allows data to be aggregated at strategic locations on the network, such as at the location of a transmission bandwidth mismatch, to enable the data to be transmitted over the high capacity optical resource at a higher rate, thus more efficiently utilizing the bandwidth on the higher bandwidth resource.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050083960?dq=20050083960&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lOFVVKTyCo24uATp1IH4AQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
CONTAINERIZED SERVICES ORCHESTRATION FOR EDGE COMPUTING IN SOFTWARE-DEFINED W...IJCNCJournal
As SD-WAN disrupts legacy WAN technologies and becomes the preferred WAN technology adopted by corporations, and Kubernetes becomes the de-facto container orchestration tool, the opportunities for deploying edge-computing containerized applications running over SD-WAN are vast. Service orchestration in SD-WAN has not been provided with enough attention, resulting in the lack of research focused on service discovery in these scenarios. In this article, an in-house service discovery solution that works alongside Kubernetes’ master node for allowing improved traffic handling and better user experience when running micro-services is developed. The service discovery solution was conceived following a design science research approach. Our research includes the implementation of a proof-ofconcept SD-WAN topology alongside a Kubernetes cluster that allows us to deploy custom services and delimit the necessary characteristics of our in-house solution. Also, the implementation's performance is tested based on the required times for updating the discovery solution according to service updates. Finally, some conclusions and modifications are pointed out based on the results, while also discussing possible enhancements.
Practical active network services within content-aware gatewaysTal Lavian Ph.D.
The Internet has seen an increase in complexity due to the introduction of new types of networking devices and services, particularly at points of discontinuity known as network edges. As the networking industry continues to add revenue generating services at network edges, there is an increasing need to provide a systematic method for dynamically introducing and providing these new services in lieu of the ad-hoc approach that is in use today. To this end we support a phased approach to "activating" the Internet and suggest that there exists an immediate need for realizing Active Networks concepts at the network edges. In this context, we present our efforts towards the development of a Content-aware Active Gateway (CAG) architecture. With the help of two practical services running on our initial prototype, built from commercial networking devices, we give a qualitative and quantitative view of the CAG potential.
Network services are services that specialize in the handling of network-related or network-resident resources. Examples of network services are data transport service, network advance reservation service, network Quality of Service (QoS) service, network information service, network monitoring service, and AAA1 service.
This informational draft describes how several network services combine and yield a rich mediation function—a resource manager—between grid applications and legacy networks. Complements of these services, the network resource is seen joining CPU and storage as a first-class, grid-managed resource (and handled, as such, by a community scheduler, or other OGSA services).
Network resources allocated for particular application traffic are aware of the characteristics of L4+ content to be transmitted. One embodiment of the invention realizes network resource allocation in terms of three intelligent modules, gateway, provisioning and classification. A gateway module exerts network control functions in response to application requests for network resources. The network control functions include traffic path setup, bandwidth allocation and so on. Characteristics of the content are also specified in the received application network resource requests. Under request of the gateway module, a provisioning module allocates network resources such as bandwidth in optical networks and edge devices as well. An optical network resource allocation leads to a provisioning optical route. Under request of the gateway module, a classification module differentiates applications traffic according to content specifications, and thus creates and applies content-aware rule data for edge devices to forward content-specified traffic towards respective provisioning optical routes.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20090279562?dq=20090279562&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FMtTVMy2M4PPmwXo3oCgDQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Embodiments of the present invention present a method and apparatus for photonic line sharing for high-speed routers. Photonic switches receive high-speed optical data streams and produce the data streams to a router operating according to routing logic and produce optical data streams according to destination addresses stored in the data packets. Each photonic switch can be configured as one of a 1:N multiplexer or an M:N cross-connect switch. In one embodiment, optical data is converted to electrical data prior to routing, while an alternate embodiment routes only optical data. Another embodiment transfers large volumes of high-speed data through an optical bypass line in a circuit switched network to bypass the switch fabric thereby routing the data packets directly to the destination. An edge device selects one of the packet switched network or the circuit switched network. The bypass resources are released when the large volume of high-speed data is transferred.
Systems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a networkTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide for providing support for sharing and exchanging in a network. The system includes a memory coupled to a processor. The memory includes a database comprising information corresponding to first users and the second users. Each of the first users and the second users are facilitated for sharing or exchanging activity, service or product, based on one or more conditions corresponding thereto. Further, the memory includes one or more instructions executable by the processor to match each of the first users to at least one of the second users. Furthermore, the instructions may inform each of the first users about the match with the at least one of the second users when all the conditions are met by the at least one second user based on the information corresponding to each of the second users.
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menuTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for generating an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) database, the system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory comprising a list of telephone numbers associated with one or more destinations implementing IVR menus, wherein the one or more destinations are grouped based on a plurality of categories of the IVR menus. Further the memory includes instructions executable by said processor for automatically communicating with the one of more destinations, and receiving at least one customization record from said at least one destination to store in the IVR database.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Systems and methods for electronic communicationsTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for enhancing user interaction with the Internet of Things. The system includes a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory includes a database having one or more options corresponding to each of the Internet of Things. The memory further includes instructions executable by the processor to share at least one of the one or more options with one or more users of the things. Further, the instructions receive information corresponding to selection of the at least one option by the one or more users. Additionally, the instructions update the database based on the selection of the at least one option by the one or more users. Further, a device for enhancing interaction with the things is also disclosed.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An object detection system for autonomous vehicle, comprising a radar unit and at least one ultra-low phase noise frequency synthesizer, is provided. The radar unit configured for detecting the presence and characteristics of one or more objects in various directions. The radar unit may include a transmitter for transmitting at least one radio signal; and a receiver for receiving the at least one radio signal returned from the one or more objects. The ultra-low phase noise frequency synthesizer may utilize Clocking device, Sampling Reference PLL, at least one fixed frequency divider, DDS and main PLL to reduce phase noise from the returned radio signal. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art Radar Systems by providing much lower level of phase noise which would result in improved performance of the radar system in terms of target detection, characterization etc. Further, a method for autonomous vehicle is also disclosed.
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay networkTal Lavian Ph.D.
A method and apparatus for resource scheduling on a switched underlay network (18) enables coordination, scheduling, and scheduling optimization to take place taking into account the availability of the data and the network resources comprising the switched underlay network (18). Requested transfers may be fulfilled by assessing the requested transfer parameters, the availability of the network resources required to fulfill the request, the availability of the data to be transferred, the availability of sufficient storage resources to receive the data, and other potentially conflicting requested transfers. In one embodiment, the requests are under-constrained to enable transfer scheduling optimization to occur. The under-constrained nature of the requests enable transfer scheduling optimization to occur. The under-constrained nature of the requests enables requests to be scheduled taking into account factors such as transfer priority, transfer duration, the amount of time it has been since the transfer request was submitted, and many other factors.
Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An apparatus and method for dynamic assignment of classes of traffic to a priority queue. Bandwidth consumption by one or more types of packet traffic received in the packet forwarding device is monitored to determine whether the bandwidth consumption exceeds a threshold. If the bandwidth consumption exceeds the threshold, assignment of at least one type of packet traffic of the one or more types of packet traffic is changed from a queue having a first priority to a queue having a second priority.
Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An XML accessible network device is capable of performing functions in response to an XML encoded request transmitted over a network. It includes a network data transfer service, coupled to a network, that is capable of receiving XML encoded requests from a client also connected to the network. A service engine is capable of understanding and parsing the XML encoded requests according to a corresponding DTD. The service engine further instantiates a service using parameters provided in the XML encoded request and launches the service for execution on the network device in accordance with a command design parameter. A set of device APIs interacts with hardware and software on the network device for executing the requested service on the network device. If necessary, a response is further collected from the device and provided to the client in a response message.
Embodiments of the invention provide means to the users of the system to provide ratings and corresponding feedback for enhancing the genuineness in the ratings. The system includes a memory coupled to a processor. The memory includes one or more instructions executable by the processor to enable the users of the system to rate each other based on at least one of sharing, exchanging, and selling one of activity, service or product. The system may provide a mechanism to encourage genuineness in ratings provided by the users. Furthermore, the instructions facilitate the rating receivers to provide feedbacks corresponding to the received ratings. The feedback includes accepting or objecting to a particular rating. Moreover, the memory includes instructions executable by the processor to enable the system to determine genuineness of an objection raised by a rating receiver.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a system for enhancing reliability in computation of ratings provided by a user over a social network. The system comprises of a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory further comprises a rater score database, a satisfaction database, a social network registration database, a user profile database, and a plurality of instruction executable by the processor. Said instructions in the memory are enabled to accept a message from at least one user wherein said message comprises a satisfaction score associated with at least one service provider and to retrieve a rater score associated with said at least one user from said rater score database. Further, the memory includes instructions in order to compute a new satisfaction score based on said rater score and said satisfaction score and update said satisfaction database to include said new satisfaction score. In a similar manner, the new satisfaction score can be computed based upon the information stored in the social network registration database and user profile database.
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menuTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for generating an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) database, the system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory comprising a list of telephone numbers associated with one or more destinations implementing IVR menus, wherein the one or more destinations are grouped based on a plurality of categories of the IVR menus. Further the memory includes instructions executable by said processor for automatically communicating with the one of more destinations, and receiving at least one customization record from said at least one destination to store in the IVR database.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Systens and Methods For Electronic CommunicationTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for enhancing user interaction with the Internet of Things in a network. The system includes a processor, and a memory. The memory includes a database including one or more options corresponding to each of the Internet of Things. Further, the memory includes instructions executable by the processor for providing the options to a user for enabling the user to select at least one option therefrom. Further, the instructions create a visual menu based on information corresponding to selection of the at least one option. The visual menu includes one or more objects corresponding to the Internet of Things. Furthermore, the instructions receive a rating for the visual menu from one or more second users of the Internet of Things. Additionally, instructions customize the visual menu based on the received rating.
Systems and Methods for Visual Presentation and Selection of IVR MenuTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for generating an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) database, the system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory comprising a list of telephone numbers associated with one or more destinations implementing IVR menus, wherein the one or more destinations are grouped based on a plurality of categories of the IVR menus. Further the memory includes instructions executable by said processor for automatically communicating with the one of more destinations, and receiving at least one customization record from said at least one destination to store in the IVR database.
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1. US 2015.0058490A1
(19) United States
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US2015/0058490 A1
Wang et al. (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 26, 20159
(54) GRID PROXY ARCHITECTURE FOR Publication Classification
NETWORK RESOURCES
(51) Int. Cl.
(71) Applicant: Microsoft Technology Licensing, H04L 12/24 (2006.01)
Redmond, WA (US) (52) U.S. Cl.
CPC .................................. H04L 41/0803 (2013.01)
(72) Inventors: PhilWang, Nepean (CA); Indermohan USPC .......................................................... 709/226
Monga,Acton, MA (US); Tal Lavian,
Sunnyvale, CA (US); Ramesh Durairaj, (57) ABSTRACT
Santa Clara, CA (US); Franco
Travostino, Arlington, MA (US) Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access
resources shared in communication network domains. Grid
ProXV Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges(21) Appl. No.: 14/532,990 y 9.
Grid services serving userapplications and networkservices
(22) Filed: Nov. 4, 2014 controlling network devices through proxy functions. At
times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers
Related U.S. Application Data (NSP) in networkdomains to discover, negotiate andallocate
(63) Continuation ofapplication No. 13/725,646, filed on network resources for Grid applications. An elected master
Dec. 21, 2012, now Pat. No s 898 274 which is a NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents
- . . . s . c. • Y-sy--- Y- s1 is the whole network to share network resources to Grids with
continuation ofapplication No. 13/295.283, filed on - 0
Nov. 14, 2011, now Pat. No. 8.341,257, which is a outGridinvolvement ofnetworkdevices. GPAN providesthe
. . . . s or . . . . . . . Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services andcontinuation ofapplication No. 11/018,997, filed onDec. 21, 2004, now Pat No. 8,078708 applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to inter
• 1- us s vs. vs V vs w . face with network services to utilize network resources. In
(60) Provisional application No. 60/536,668, filed on Jan. Some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be
15, 2004. employed forthe GPAN proxy communication.
Computing 102
120
100
GridManagement t
<''1. Computing 104 :
- - - - - - - || GRs E.Grid info RMS E
RDs ar
5. US 2015/0058490 A1
GRD PROXY ARCHITECTURE FOR
NETWORK RESOURCES
RELATED APPLICATIONS
0001. This application is a continuation of, and claims
priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/725,646, filed
Dec. 21, 2012, which is acontinuation of, andclaimspriority
to, U.S.patentapplicationSer. No. 13/295,283, filedNov. 14,
2011, entitled GRID PROXY ARCHITECTURE FORNET
WORK RESOURCES. U.S. patent application Ser. No.
13/295.283 is a continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 11/018,997, filed Dec. 21, 2004,
entitled GRID PROXY ARCHITECTURE FORNETWORK
RESOURCES, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Patent Application Ser. No. 60/536,668 entitled GRID
PROXY ARCHITECTURE FOR NETWORK
RESOURCES, filed Jan. 15, 2004, the entireties ofeach are
incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
0002 Grid networks are emerging as the “killer applica
tion of next-generation networks through the building of
overlay networks upon existing network infrastructures for
thepurposes ofnetwork-wide computingand data collabora
tion. In a Grid network, which is also known as a virtual
organization, Grid nodes are distributed widely in the physi
cal networks and share their available hardware and software
resources such as CPU, storage, data mining, and visualiza
tion centers. The resource sharing is actually providedby the
Grid services running on Grid nodes. Those Grid services
form the Grid overlay over the Grid nodes as they function
under the same Grid rule.
0003. According to theavailable servicesand resources,a
Griduserdistributes portionsofhis/herapplicationtaskinthe
Grid nodes and puts those services and resources togetherto
complete the usertask with very high performance. Benefits
ofthis technology includepreventing resource wasting in the
network and saving the user capital expenditure on equip
ment. Typical use cases ofGrids include data-intensive and
computation-intensive business tasks such as enterprise con
current product design, utility computing, large-scale data
synchronization, and many high-performance computations
including nuclear energy simulations and long-term global
weather forecasting.
0004 Distributed computing in general, and grid comput
ing in particular, is desirablebecause complexand resource
intensive computingtasks can beaccomplished withoutpur
chasing and maintaining costly Super-computers. Rather,
relatively smallportions ofthe overall computingtaskcanbe
distributed among multiple computers and devices of rela
tively modest capability. It will be appreciated that the grid
networkcapability mayalsobemoreeasilyscalablethanhigh
performancedevices and Super-computers. Further,thereis a
potential business model for the rental ofgrid services.
0005. ThedispersedGrid nodesareconnectedby network
infrastructure such as the Internet. Grid nodes include com
puters, dataserversand networkdevices. Resourcesharingof
network devices in a Grid is critical because it provides the
interconnectivityofGrid nodes toform apipelineofresource
supply in the Grid. In other words, interconnectivity enables
reliable sharing of resources such as computing power and
data services.
Feb. 26, 2015
0006. One problem hindering the advance ofGrid tech
nology isthatthe requisiteresourcesharingofnetwork nodes
is not entirely supported by traditional networks. First, Grid
nodes generally requirea piece ofGrid software installed on
each Grid node. While this installation is relatively easy on a
computer, it can be impractical on network devices such as
routers and switches. Without installation of the Grid soft
ware,a networkdevicecannotpurposefully makeitsresource
availabletotheGrid,andaGridnodecannotaccessanetwork
device through the same Grid rule.
0007 Another problem hindering the advance of Grid
technology is that network devices are typically located in
autonomous network domains, and controlled by network
management facilities such as network managers and Ser
vices. The network management facilities form an actual
overlay network which is the network service overlay and
gives the API for network control functions. In other words,
the networkserviceoverlay consists ofnetworkservices that
are running on network devices. Thus, in a Grid network,
there are two overlay networks: the network service overlay
andtheGrid serviceoverlay. But there is a gap between these
two overlays. The gap isthattheyare notcompatiblebecause
networkservicesandGridservices use differentservice infra
structures. Moreover, due to the modest capability ofCPU
and memory on network devices, network services are gen
erally implemented in lightweight network software while
Gridservicesaregenerallyimplementedinheavyweightsoft
ware and thus require much more CPU powerand storage.
0008. It would therefore be desirable to have a technique
forcausingthetwo overlaysto worktogether. In otherwords,
network nodes should be capable ofacting as Grid nodes in
order to provide its resources such as network links and
bandwidth in a Grid.
SUMMARY
0009 Various embodiments overcome the above-men
tionedandotherdrawbacks byproviding a Grid-basedproxy
mechanism to allow Grid services andapplications to access
and utilize resources available in the physical network
domains. In accordance with one or more embodiments, a
Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (“GPAN)
bridges a grid services overlay that includes ofGrid services
to serve user applications, with a network Services overlay
thatincludes networkservices to control the network devices.
The GPAN proxy gives the Grid services in the GridService
overlay the potential to access the network services in the
Network Serviceoverlay in order to control the networks for
resource use. With GPAN, network nodes do not need to
install and run a piece ofGrid service software in order to
provide their resources to the Grids. Network nodes are rep
resented in a whole by the GPANproxy andjoined the Grids
by a unique Grid node which runs theactual proxy software/
system.
0010. In at least one embodiment, GPAN works with the
networkservice overlay to gather networkresourceinforma
tion and provide that information to the Grid resource index
service within the Grid network. GPAN may also facilitate
brokerage and reservation of network resources upon the
request of a Grid resource broker service within the Grid
network by translating application requests from the Grid
services to networkoperations ofthe network services.
0011. At least one embodiment employs network service
peers/agents (“NSPs') distributed in the network domains in
order to obtain network resource information and allocate
6. US 2015/0058490 A1
network resources for the Grids. Each NSP may include an
individual network domain, including various Sub-nets, and
maybeoperatedby a differentserviceprovider.Ofthe NSPs,
only the master NSP executes the GPAN proxy in a Grid
network. The master NSP is usually selected from an NSP
which is close to the location where run Grid resource ser
vices suchas index, brokerandscheduler.A masterNSPmay
beelectedbasedon how theGridis organizedandhoweasily
the Grid accesses the network resources. Under the GPAN
proxy, the master NSP sends network instructions to each
NSP for resource operations such as information collection
and allocation. Further, the masterNSPprovides Grid-based
proxyAPIs ofresourceoperations to Gridservices andappli
cations.Consequently,thenoderunningthemasterNSPisthe
unique Grid node representingthe whole networks.TheGrid
services and applications talk to this master NSP node for
networkresource supply. TheyusetheGPANAPIswhichare
provided in the form ofGrid services to access the network
resources. Itwill thereforebeapparentthat noactual network
nodes need to execute native grid protocols.
0012. In atleastoneembodiment, GPAN provides atleast
two proxy functions, resource data proxy and resource man
agementproxy.Theresourcedataproxyfunctionistoprovide
resource discovery, status (create?destroy/use), availability
and service policy for the Grid network. The resource man
agement proxy function provides resource scheduling, new/
allocate/reallocate/release in the Grid network. GPAN sends
resource information to the global Grid resource services
such as index, through the resource data proxy. GPAN
receivesresourceallocationrequestsofGridapps fromaGrid
resource broker or scheduler service through the resource
managementproxy. Each proxy function may implementdif
ferent proxy mechanisms. For example, the resource data
proxy implements a network information provider (“NIP')
which is a Grid-based software to facilitate collection of
network information and provide updates and reports to the
Gridresourceindexservice.Theresourcemanagementproxy
function implements a resource allocation and management
provider (“RAMP) which is also a Grid-based software to
receive resource allocation requests from the Grid broker/
meta-schedulerservices and schedule resource operations in
the communications network.
0013. In at least one embodiment, GPAN includes two
main components: a Grid Proxy service (“GPS) and a Grid
Delegationservice(“GDS”). GPSinterfacestheGPANproxy
with the Grid overlay ofGrid services to meet applications.
GDS interfaces the proxy with the Network Service overlay
of network services to utilize network resources. Resource
based XML messaging may be utilized for communication
between GPS and GDS.
0014. By implementing at least some of the features
described above, GPAN advantageously causes the commu
nications network to appear as grid resources from the per
spectiveofthegrid network. Forexample, the resourceavail
ability data is periodically gathered from each network
servicepeerandprovidedto an index ofthegrid networkin a
format that is compliant with the protocols utilized by the
index. Further, GPAN implements an API that is compliant
with the signaling utilized by the grid manager in order to
facilitate resource brokerage and reservation. Following
receipt ofa request from theGrid application, and identifica
tion of requisite resource from the index, a broker/meta
schedulerofthegridnetworksignalstothegridresourcesand
GPAN in order to reserve and utilize the resources. The bro
Feb. 26, 2015
ker/meta-scheduler signals for resource reservation to both
thegridresourcesandGPAN inthesame,grid-standardcom
pliant manner. GPAN implements anAPI which is operative
to translate commands from the broker/meta-scheduler into a
format that may be utilized by the communications network
nodes. Consequently, two-way communications between the
network resources and grid manager are possible, thereby
enabling operations such as bandwidth allocation, negotia
tion, agreement, information feedback, and status tracking.
Once the appropriate communications networkandgrid net
work resources are made available for the application, por
tions ofthe overall task are distributed to the grid resource
services either directly by the broker/meta-scheduler or via
GPAN.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
0015 FIG. 1 isa block diagram ofgrid networkarchitec
ture illustrating gathering of communications network
resource information for the grid resource index by GPAN.
0016 FIG. 2 illustrates reservation of communications
network resources in the architecture of FIG. 1.
(0017 FIG. 3 is a block diagram that illustrates the GPAN
proxy in greater detail.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
0018 Referring to FIG. 1, a grid computing network
architectureincludes multiple grid resources thatare in com
munication via multiple communications networkelements.
Thegridresources may includeagridresourcemanager100,
computing resource provider 102, 104 and storage resource
provider 106. The grid manager, computing resource pro
vider and storage resource provider execute Grid-based
Resource Services (GRS) such as Resource Management
Services (RMS) and Resource Data Services (RDS). The
communicationsnetworkelementsincludevariousSwitching
and routing devices which make up network services peers
(“NSPs') 108-114, and a master network service peer 116
that implements a Grid Proxy Architecture for Network
Resources (“GPAN') 118 for the grid network. An applica
tion device 120 which originatesarequestforexecution ofan
application on the grid communicates with the grid network
through the grid manager 100.
0019. The grid manager 100 manages grid-enabled
resources shared in the Grid network to user applications. It
may usean indeX node 122 which is operativeto executegrid
computing protocols to produce an index of available grid
resources. Forexample,theindex may includeaddress infor
mationandan indication ofavailability foreachgridresource
through respective RDS on each resource provider. It may
also use a gridbroker/meta-scheduler 124 which is operative
in response to a request from the application node 120 to
identify a set ofgrid resources from the index with which to
satisfy theapplication request. Once the set ofgrid resources
is determined, the broker/meta-scheduler signals the grid
resourcestopreparethemtobeutilized. Forexample,thegrid
resources may be verifiedasavailable, reserved,and charges
forthe services may bearranged. Oncethegrid resourcesare
prepared, thebroker/meta-scheduler 124 distributes portions
of the overall task to individual ones of the grid services
through respective RMS in each resource provider. The bro
ker/meta-scheduler is also operative to coordinate responses
from the grid services 102-106 for the particularapplication
task.
7. US 2015/0058490 A1
0020. The GPAN 118 is executed at least in-part by the
masternetwork service peer 116and is operative tocausethe
communications networkto appear, relativeto thegrid man
ager 100, as a grid-compliant resource provider ofnetwork.
One function ofthe GPAN 118 is to gathercommunications
network resource information on behalf of the index 122.
Data indicatingthe availability ofnetwork resources Such as
NSPs 108-114 canbeactively gatheredusingany ofa variety
of network protocols, such as simple network management
protocol (“SNMP). Alternatively, some network devices
may be configured to automatically provide resource avail
ability data to the GPAN. In addition to obtaining resource
availability data, the GPAN 118 generates a mapping ofthe
available resources, including the various communications
network nodes and links which interconnect the grid
resources.Theresourceavailabilityinformationandmapping
are then translatedinto a format thatcan be processed by the
index 122,andtransmittedto theindexforstorage.Theinfor
mationintheindexcanthenbeprocessedby thebroker/meta
scheduler 124 in a Substantially similar manner as normally
generated and stored grid resource information.
0021 Referringnow to FIG. 2, the GPAN 118also imple
ments its Grid service API so that it can be accessed by the
grid manager 124though standardGrid service invocation in
order to facilitate resource brokerage and reservation. Fol
lowing receipt of a request from the application 120 and
identification of requisite resource from the index 122, the
broker/meta-scheduler 124 signals to the grid resources 102
106 and the GPAN 118 in order to reserve and utilize the
identified resources. In particular, thebroker/meta-scheduler
124signalsforresourcereservationtoboth thegridresources
and theGPAN in the same, grid-standard compliant manner.
The GPAN 118 is operative to translate the signaled com
mands from thebroker/meta-scheduler 124 into a format that
may be utilized by the communications network nodes of
NSPs 108-114. Further, the GPAN is operative to translate
messages returnedfrom thenetworknodes oftheNSPs to the
broker/meta-scheduler. Consequently, two-way communica
tions between the network resources and grid manager are
possible. Communications between the network resources
and grid manager may support operations such asbandwidth
allocation, negotiation, agreement, information feedback,
and status tracking. Once the appropriate communications
network and grid network resources are made available for
the task sent to the grid, portions of the overall task are
distributed to thegrid resource services eitherdirectly by the
broker/meta-scheduler or via the GPAN.
0022 Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the GPAN 118
includes two main components: a Grid Delegation Service
(“GDS) 300 and a Grid Proxy Service (“GPS) 302. The
GPS 302 is operative to accept network resource requests
from upper layer grid services in the Grid Service overlay
such as thebroker/meta-scheduler 124a, index 122a, andend
userapplication 120a. Resourcerequests includerequests for
resource information, resource allocation, and related opera
tions.TheGPS302passes thoserequests to theGDS300,and
returns feedback received in response to the requests backto
therequestinitiator.TheGDSprocessesthe resourcerequests
from the GPS to determine which NSPs 108-114 in the Net
workServiceoverlay are indicatedtobepartoftheparticular
grid operation. The GDS also collects resource information
and results from the NSPs for return to the GPS. As shown
specifically in FIG. 3, the GPS and GDS components ofthe
GPAN logically reside on two overlay networks: GPS on the
Feb. 26, 2015
GridServiceOverlayandGDSontheNetworkServiceOver
lay. But they may reside on ahost Such as the masterservice
peerortwo differenthosts. Forexample,GPS 302 can reside
in a grid-based hosting environment that is logically proxi
mate to the grid manager100 (FIG. 2), and theGDS 300 can
reside in a network service hosting environmentthat is logi
callyproximate to the masternetworkservicepeer 116 (FIG.
2). Consequently, GPS is the GPAN contactpoint in the grid
networkoverlay whileGDS is the GPAN contactpoint in the
network service overlay.
(0023 The GPAN 118 may provide respective network
resourceprovideras necessaryandappropriate. Forexample,
a network information provider (“NIP) 304 facilitates col
lection of network information and provides updates and
reports to the grid manager index. A resource allocation and
management provider (“RAMP) 306 may receive resource
allocation requests from the broker/meta-scheduler and pro
vide scheduling resources in the communications network.
0024. While the various embodiments described through
the above exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by
those of ordinary skill in the art that modification to and
variation ofthe illustrated embodiments may be made with
out departing from the concepts herein disclosed. Moreover,
while some embodiments are described in connection with
various illustrative structures, one skilled in the art will rec
ognize that the system may be embodied using a variety of
specificstructures.Accordingly,theembodiments shouldnot
be viewed as limited except by the scope and spirit ofthe
appended claims.
1. A method ofSupporting operation ofa plurality ofdis
tributed computing resources interconnected by a communi
cation network, the method comprising:
receiving information indicative ofavailability ofat least
Some resources of the communication network, the
information being in a Supply format;
generating a mapping ofavailable resources ofthe at least
Some resources;
translating at least Some ofthe received information from
theSupplyformattoatargetformatusablebyatleastone
ofthe distributed computing resources;
translating the mapping to the target format; and
providingatleastsome ofthetranslated information in the
target format and the translated mapping to the at least
one of the distributed computing resources to enable
analysis ofavailability ofat least some resources ofthe
communication network by the at least one ofthe dis
tributed communications resources.
2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein receiving the informa
tion indicative ofavailability ofat least some resources fur
thercomprises receiving the information periodically.
3. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising:
receiving at least one message from at least one of the
distributed computing resources;
processing the at least one received message to derive at
leastone commandusablebyatleastoneresourceofthe
communication network; and
providing the at least one command to the at least one
resource ofthe communication network.
4. The method ofclaim 3, wherein the receiving, translat
ingandprovidinginformation,andthereceivingandprocess
ing messagesandprovidingcommandsderivedfromthemes
sages are further configured to Support two-way
communicationsbetweentheatleastonecomputingresource
and the at least one resource ofthe communication network.
8. US 2015/0058490 A1
5. The method ofclaim 4, wherein thetwo-waycommuni
cations Support at least one of:
bandwidth negotiation;
bandwidth allocation;
bandwidth agreement; status tracking; or
information feedback.
6. The methodofclaim 1, wherein thesupply formatcom
prises a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
7. The method ofclaim 1 further comprising:
distributing portions ofat least one task between at least
Some nodes of the communication network based, at
least in part, on the analysis ofthe availability.
8. A system comprising:
at least one processor; and
a computer program product embodied on one or more
computer-readable storage memory devices, the com
puter program product configured to, responsive to
execution by the at least one processor, perform a
method ofSupporting operation ofa plurality ofdistrib
uted computing resources interconnected by a commu
nication network, the method comprising:
receiving information indicative of availability of at
least some resources ofthe communication network,
the information being in a Supply format;
generating a mapping of available resources of the at
least some resources;
translating at least Some of the received information
from theSupply formattoa target format usableby at
least one ofthe distributed computing resources;
translating the mapping to the target format; and
providing at least Some ofthe translated information in
the target formatandthetranslated mapping to the at
least one of the distributed computing resources to
enable analysis of availability of at least some
resources of the communication network by the at
least one of the distributed communications
SOUCS.
9. The system ofclaim 8, wherein receiving the informa
tion indicative ofavailability ofat least some resources fur
ther comprises receiving the information periodically.
10. The system ofclaim 8, the method furthercomprising:
receiving at least one message from at least one of the
distributed computing resources;
processing the at least one received message to derive at
leastonecommandusableby atleast oneresourceofthe
communication network; and
providing the at least one command to the at least one
resource ofthe communication network.
11. The system ofclaim 10, wherein the receiving, trans
lating and providing information, and the receiving and pro
cessing messages and providing commands derived from the
messagesarefurtherconfiguredto Supporttwo-way commu
nicationsbetweentheatleastonecomputingresourceandthe
at least one resource ofthe communication network.
12. Thesystem ofclaim 11, wherein the two-way commu
nications Support at least one of:
bandwidth negotiation;
bandwidth allocation;
bandwidth agreement; status tracking; or
information feedback.
Feb. 26, 2015
13. The system of claim 8, wherein the supply format
comprisesaSimpleNetworkManagementProtocol(SNMP).
14.The system ofclaim 8, themethod furthercomprising:
distributing portions ofat least one task between at least
Some nodes of the communication network based, at
least in part, on the analysis ofthe availability.
15. A computerprogram product forSupporting operation
of a plurality of distributed computing resources intercon
nected by a communication network, the computer program
product comprising:
logic operating to receive information indicative ofavail
ability ofat least Some resources ofthe communication
network, the information being in a Supply format;
logic operating to generate a mapping of available
resources ofthe at least some resources;
logic operating to translate at least Some of the received
information from the Supply format to a target format
usable by at least one of the distributed computing
resources;
logic operating to translate the mapping to the target for
mat; and
logic operating to provide at least Some ofthe translated
information in the target format andthetranslated map
ping to the at least one of the distributed computing
resources to enable analysis ofavailability ofat least
Some resources ofthe communication networkby theat
least one ofthe distributed communications resources.
16. The computer program product of claim 15 further
configured to receive the information indicative ofavailabil
ity ofat least Some resources periodically.
17. The computer program product of claim 15 further
comprising:
logic operatingtoreceiveatleast onemessagefromatleast
one ofthe distributed computing resources;
logic operatingtoprocesstheatleastonereceived message
to derive at least one command usable by at least one
resource ofthe communication network; and
logic operating to providetheat least one commandto the
at least one resource ofthe communication network.
18.Thecomputerprogramproductofclaim 17whereinthe
logic operating to receive, translateandprovide information,
and the logic operating to receive and process messages and
providecommandsderived from the messages is furthercon
figured to Support two-way communications between the at
least one computing resourceand the atleast one resource of
the communication network.
19. The computer program product ofclaim 18, wherein
the two-way communications Support at least one of
bandwidth negotiation;
bandwidth allocation;
bandwidth agreement; status tracking; or
information feedback.
20. The computer program product of claim 15 further
comprising:
logic operating to distribute portions of at least one task
between at least Some nodes ofthe communication net
workbased, at least in part, on the analysis ofthe avail
ability.