This document discusses operation processes and management. It begins with an introduction to process characteristics like volume, variety and flow. The two main types of processes are described as continuous flow systems and intermittent flow systems. Process-product matrices are discussed including job production, batch production and assembly lines. Process planning, design, flow charts and the key aspects of volume, variety and flow are also summarized. The document is presented by Dr. Niraj Chaudhari on operation management for Sanjivani College of Engineering.

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Presented By
Dr. Niraj Chaudahri
Assistant Professor,
Sanjivani College of Engineering ,
Dept.of MBA,
Kopargaon
1
Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon
Department of MBA
www.sanjivanimba.org.in
203- Operation Management
Operation Process

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Unit –II Operation Processes
– Process Characteristics in Operations: Volume Variety
and Flow. Types of Processes and Operations Systems:
Continuous Flow system and intermittent flow systems.
– Process Product Matrix: Job Production, Batch
Production, Assembly line and Continuous Flow,
Process and Product Layout.
– ServiceSystemDesignMatrix:DesignofServiceSystems,Se
rviceBlueprinting
– ComputerAidedDesign&Manufacturing:Introduction,N
eed,Importance,advantage&Disadvantages

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Process Characteristics in Operations
• Understanding any operation system start with
understanding of the process that integral to the
operation process. A process is the basic building
block of operation. it made up of set of activity that
need to carried out by combining resource and time.
• This combination ultimately determines the
performance of the operation systems in terms of
time , productivity, profitability and other similar
factors .

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Process Improvement

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Process Planning
•Process Requirement: The very 1st step is to collect and gather information to
give structure with the end objective. That is to make process requirement
document highlighting various stages, risk and stakeholders for production. This
will include assessment of available technology, raw material requirement,
factory/plant layout and demand forecast.
•Team Building: Once the process requirements are finalized, for each objective, a
team is finalized based on skill level and experience. Function of the team is to get
familiarize with the whole process.
•Planning and Implementation: Process planning team will develop module;
policies and procedure require for production, which are after required approval
internal as well as external is implemented.
•Audit: A regular audit is carried out to ensure that process thus implemented is in
line and delivering value to customers.
•End of Life: Over a course of time there may be enhancement of the product or
product may get discontinued in these circumstances, process thus develop is
discontinued.

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Process Design
• A successful process design has to take into account the
appropriateness of the process to overall organization
objective. Process design requires a broad view of the
whole organization and should not have a myopic outlook.
And the process should deliver customer value with
constant involvement of the management at various stages.
• In order to achieve a good process design, effective process
strategy is required, which deals with a singular line items
required to manufacture the end product. Effective process
strategy deals with raw material procurement, customer
participation, technology investment, etc.

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Process Design

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Process flow chart
• A process flowchart is a diagram that shows the
sequential steps of a process and the decisions needed to
make the process work. Within the chart/visual
representation, every step is indicated by a shape. These
shapes are connected by lines and arrows to show the
movement and direction of the process.
• Process flowcharts are standardized such that anyone
who has an understanding of flowcharts can look at one
and know what is happening. They follow the logical flow
of information so that business stakeholders have a guide
as to how to fulfill processes properly.

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Three Important Aspect Of Designing Process
1. Volume
2. Variety
3. Flow

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Volume, Variety & Flow in Manufacturing

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Volume
Volume indicates the quantity of products produced in
a manufacturing system.
In fast moving consumer goods sector have high
volume of production that required continuous
production. For example tooth paste, soaps, personal
care products.
Manufacturing of big boiler , turbines required months
or year as low volume of project base production.

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Variety
Variety refer to the number of sub categories of products
and variants of each products produced in manufacturing
system.
For example, mobile , watch ,TV.
An increased in variety of products offerings is likely to
introduced variety in the manufacturing process. More
variety means alternative production resource ,
materials, skill of worker, and increased in the no. of
stages of production.

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Flow
• Irrespective of the nature of activities involved ,all
manufacturing system require some input material where
the processes start . The material undergoes a conversion
process from the raw material phase to finished goods phase .
Flow indicates the nature and intensity of the phenomenon.
• Knowledge of flow provides important clues to the operation
manager about production planning and control issues. it also
gives useful information about the complexities of operation
management.
• Volume ,variety and flow are interconnected . The smaller the
variety higher is the volume of that product and vice versa.
the volume and variety together influence the flow of
manufacturing process

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Types of Processes
Process Characteristics are largely determine by the
flow of products in manufacturing system .Therefore
it is important to first understand the nature of flow
in operation and then identify the process choice
available to the operation management for each
category of flow .
Generally two types of process flow identified in
manufacturing process.
1. Continuous flow process.
2. Intermittent flow process.

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Types of Processes

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Continuous Flow Process
• A Continuous flow process is characteristics by a
streamlined flow of products in the operating system.
Usually in such systems the conversion processes
being with the input of raw materials at one end. It
progresses through the system in an orderly fashion
to finally get converted into finished goods.
• The production process is sequential and the required
resource are organised in stages .continuous flow is
largely a result of technological constraints and a
high volume of production.
• Mass productions

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Intermittent Flow Process.
• In this intermittent flow process of manufacturing ,
the entire manufacturing set-up can be split into units
in which similar processing requirement can be
combined and manufacturing resources arranged to
work in favors of these requirements. one batch of
components may be produced in one of these units
and another batch in yet another unit. In each batch
components of different product variation may be
combined since they share the same processing
requirement.
• Batch productions.

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