OpenNebula 5.4 Hands-on Tutorial

OpenNebula
Tutorial
© OpenNebula Project. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License
Rev20171113

A Typical OpenNebula Environment
Planning the Installation
• Repository of VM images
• Multiple Backends (LVM, Ceph)
Monitoring,Virtualization,
Storage and Network
• Provides physical resources for the VMs
• Must have a hypervisor installed

Virtual Lab
The Environment
lab-X-node1
OpenNebula
oned, sunstone, etc...
NFS Server
lab-X-node2
KVM & Libvirt
NFS Client
Bridge br0
(ens4)
VM 1 VM 2 VM 3
lab-X-node3
KVM & Libvirt
NFS Client
Bridge br0
(ens4)
VM 4 VM 5 VM 6
VM communication
Datastore
Images

4Installing and Basic Usage
Virtual Lab
Accessing the environment
● Each lab has 2 virtual machines:
○ lab-X-node1: opennebula & hypervisor
○ lab-X-node2: just the hypervisor

Virtual Lab
● You can ssh to your environment like this
$ ssh gateway@labs.opennebula.systems
-L 9869:lab-X-node1:9869
-L 29876:lab-X-node1:29876
(password is 'onecourse!')
$ ssh lab-X-node1
(where 'X' is your lab number!)

Virtual Lab
http://putty.org/

Virtual Lab
gateway@labs.opennebula.systems

(password is 'onecourse!')
(where 'X' is your lab number!)
Virtual Lab

Environment
● The root password for both lab nodes is opennebula
● OpenNebula 5.4.3 is installed
● Switch to the oneadmin account to use OpenNebula
● Both nodes are registered and configured
● Ubuntu 16.04 template available
● Sunstone is available in your laptop
○ open: http://localhost:9869
○ login / password: oneadmin / opennebula
○ you must keep the ssh connection open!!!

Virtual Lab
From there, you can jump to the nodes: node2 and node3
[root@lab-1-node1 ~]# ssh lab-1-node2
The password is opennebula

Virtual Lab
Inspecting the environment - Packages
Hands on (node1)
Let's see what packages have been installed:
$ rpm -qa | grep opennebula
These packages have already been installed from the repo
located in /etc/yum.repos.d/opennebula.repo. They
have been installed with yum install (you don't need to do
this).
Check the packages installed in node2 or node3, they're not
the same!

Virtual Lab
Inspecting the environment - Services
Hands on (node1)
Let's see what services are running:
$ systemctl | grep opennebula
These services have been enabled to start automatically
when the VM boots (systemctl enable <service>).
node2 and node3 has libvirt running.

Virtual Lab
Inspecting the environment - Storage
Hands on (node1)
node1 is exporting /srv by NFS (check /etc/exports)
The datastores are shared:
$ file /var/lib/one/datastores/*
/var/lib/one/datastores/0: symbolic link to `/srv/0'
/var/lib/one/datastores/1: symbolic link to `/srv/1'
/var/lib/one/datastores/2: directory
Check /etc/fstab and file /var/lib/one/datastores/*
in node2 and node3.

Virtual Lab
Inspecting the environment - Network
Hands on (node2)
● node2 and node3 have a bridge br0
● VMs will be connected to br0
● br0 is linked to ens4
● ens4 is the private communication between the VMs
Verify with these commands:
brctl show
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0

Virtual Lab
Inspecting the environment - SSH access
Hands on (node1)
It is necessary to be able to ssh from any node to any other
node without password as oneadmin
Verify:
# Make sure you are oneadmin in node1
$ su - oneadmin
# ssh to the same node
$ ssh lab-X-node1 hostname
# ssh to the other nodes

Virtual Lab
Inspecting the environment - OpenNebula Configuration
Configuration changes:
--- /etc/one/oned.conf.orig
+++ /etc/one/oned.conf
@@ -82 +82 @@
-DB = [ BACKEND = "sqlite" ]
+DB = [ BACKEND="mysql", SERVER="localhost", PORT=3306,
USER="oneadmin", PASSWD="oneadmin", DB_NAME="opennebula" ]
--- /etc/one/sched.conf.orig
+++ /etc/one/sched.conf
@@ -74 +74 @@
-SCHED_INTERVAL = 30
+SCHED_INTERVAL = 5

Virtual Lab
Inspecting the environment - OpenNebula Configuration
Configuration changes:
--- /etc/one/vmm_exec/vmm_exec_kvm.conf.orig
+++ /etc/one/vmm_exec/vmm_exec_kvm.conf
@@ -37 +37 @@
-DISK = [ driver = "raw" , cache = "none"]
+DISK = [ driver = "raw", cache = "unsafe", total_iops_sec =
"50" ]
--- /etc/one/onegate-server.conf.orig
+++ /etc/one/onegate-server.conf
@@ -27 +27 @@
-:host: 127.0.0.1
+:host: 192.168.0.1

Virtual Lab
Inspecting the environment - OpenNebula Password
The oneadmin password is located here:
$ cat /var/lib/one/.one/one_auth
oneadmin:opennebula
The first time OpenNebula starts, it sets the password from
the contents of this file.

Virtual Lab
Installation
Summary of the installation:
● Install the repo: /etc/yum.repos.d/opennebula.repo
● Install packages: yum install opennebula …
● Install gems: /usr/share/one/install_gems
● Enable OpenNebula services
● Configure Storage
● Configure Network
● Configure passwordless ssh access
● OpenNebula configuration files

CLI
OpenNebula Interfaces
Hands on (node1)
Overview of the CLI (as oneadmin)
# su - oneadmin
$ oneuser show
$ oneuser –h
$ one[TAB]
All the CLI commands should
be executed as the oneadmin
user. Remember to switch to
the oneadmin user always!

CLI
OpenNebula Interfaces
$ one[TAB]
oneuser Manage Users oneimage Manage Images
onegroup Manage Groups onetemplate Manage Templates
oneacl Manage ACLs onevm Manage VMs
onehost Manage Hosts oneacct Accounting Tool
onecluster Manage Clusters onemarket Marketplace Tool
onevnet Manage Networks onedb DB Tool
onedatastore Manage Datastores oneflow Manage flows (services)
oneshowback Showback onemarketapp Import marketapps
onevdc Manage VDCs onevrouter Manage virtual routers
onevcenter Import vCenter reources onesecgroup Manage sec. groups
onezone Manage zones

Get User Information - Sunstone
Installing
Try out Sunstone!
http://localhost:9869
Login: oneadmin
Password: opennebula

Adding Hosts - Sunstone
Basic Usage – Hosts
Hands on! (Sunstone)
● Create one host in Sunstone:
● Type: KVM
● Cluster: Default
● Hostname: lab-X-node2
● Watch transition INIT => ON
● Click on the row for more information
● Automatic gathering of monitoring data
● Take a look at the graphs

Adding Hosts - CLI
Basic Usage – Hosts
Hands on! (CLI)
(as oneadmin in the Frontend – node1)
$ onehost –h
$ onehost create –h
$ onehost create lab-X-node3 –i kvm -v kvm
$ onehost list
$ onehost top
# Wait for ON ... and then CTRL-C
$ onehost show lab-X-node3
$ onehost show 1
$ onehost show -x 1

Adding Images
Basic Usage – Images
● Create a new Image
● Name: ubuntu-16.04
● Path: http://192.168.122.1/ubuntu-16.04.qcow2
● Advanced Options
● Bus: Virtio
● Image mapping driver: qcow2

Overview
Basic Usage - Datastores

Overview
Basic Usage - Datastores
Datastore 0 (system) and Datastore 1 (default)
Change the TM_MAD to qcow2 in both datastores.

Adding Networks
Basic Usage – Networks
br0
VM VM
Node 2
ens4
br0
Node 3
ens4
VM VM

Adding Networks
Basic Usage – Networks
General
● Name: private
Configuration
● Bridge: br0
Addresses
● IP start: 192.168.0.100
● Size: 100
Context
● Gateway: 192.168.0.1
● DNS: 8.8.8.8

Adding Templates
Basic Usage – Template
● A template is a Virtual Machine definition ready to be instantiated
● It has CPU, Memory, Disks, NIC, Graphical Ports, etc…
General
● Name: ubuntu-16.04
● Logo: Ubuntu
● Description: Testing VM
● CPU: 0.3
● Memory: 512 MB
Storage
● Click ubuntu-16.04
Network
● Click private
Input/Output
● Enter your keymap. Leave as is
if using a US keyboard.
MB, not GB

Adding Templates
Basic Usage – Template
Context
● Check 'Add OneGate token'
● Check 'Report Ready to OneGate''
● In the Start script text area type:
touch /tmp/tutorial-test
● Check 'Encode script in Base64'
● Custom vars → Key: PASSWORD, Value: opennebula
Click Create

SSH Contextualization
Basic Usage – adding SSH contextualization
Hands on!
● Users should be able to access the VMs without password.
● Grab the SSH from here (in lab-X-node1):
cat /var/lib/one/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa
AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC9nzF1clIaAji5k6eh+3W5GE
opFKfuwSWmq88mAStNTX31rnqJeGCqSkw5VwgSdGaaPzPVc3jNvB3l
… oneadmin@lab-X-node1
● Copy that key.

Hands on!
● Paste that key into Sunstone:

Instantiating
Basic Usage – VMs
● VNC ( root / opennebula )
● Network configured using context
ip a
● ping the other machine
● migrate the other machine (watch
ping)
● live-migrate the other machine
(watch ping)
● Instantiate the template
● Deploy 2 VMs
● Leave the name blank
● Open Virtual Machines
● Watch the transition
PENDING => RUNNING
● Deployed in different hosts

Hands on!
● Deploy the VM and check that you can SSH from the node
# as oneadmin in lab-X-node1
ssh root@192.168...
● Obtain the correct IP from the VM information in Sunstone

Contextualization
Basic Usage – VMs
Hands on!
Login to the first VM and look at contextualization
Take a look at the contextualization files:
root@ubuntu:~# head -n 11 /var/run/one-context/context.sh.local
# Context variables generated by OpenNebula
DISK_ID='1'
ETH0_CONTEXT_FORCE_IPV4=''
ETH0_DNS=''
ETH0_GATEWAY=''
ETH0_GATEWAY6=''
ETH0_IP='192.168.0.100'
ETH0_IP6=''
ETH0_IP6_PREFIX_LENGTH=''
ETH0_IP6_ULA=''
ETH0_MAC='02:00:c0:a8:00:64'
root@ubuntu:~# ls /etc/one-context.d/
loc-05-grow-rootfs loc-16-gen-env net-15-hostname
loc-10-network loc-20-set-username-password net-97-start-script
loc-10-network-pci loc-22-ssh_public_key net-98-execute-scripts
loc-11-dns loc-24-ssh_host_key net-99-report-ready
loc-14-mount-swap net-11-fix-loopback

Contextualization
Basic Usage – VMs
Hands on!
The file /tmp/tutorial-test has been created thanks to the START SCRIPT text
area:
root@ubuntu:~# ls /tmp/tutorial-test
/tmp/tutorial-test
root@ubuntu:~#

Main VM actions
Basic Usage – VMs
suspend VM state saved. Kept in the host.
power off (--hard) Powers off a VM. Kept in the host.
stop VM state saved. Taken to the system datastore.
undeploy (--hard) Powers off a VM. Taken to the system datastore.
reboot (--hard) Reboots the VM.
recover --recreate Cleans the VM and moves it to PENDING.
terminate (--hard) Shuts down a VM, cleans host and VM is removed
from OpenNebula.
recover --delete VM is immediately destroyed regardless of state.
Recommended only for oneadmin.

Storage: Attach new disk
● In the Images tab: Create new Image
● Name: data-100
● Type: Generic storage datablock
● Empty disk image
● Size in MB: 100
● Image mapping driver: qcow2
● BUS: Virtio
● In the VM info / Storage tab
● Attach disk: data-100
● VNC:
fdisk -l
Other VM actions
Basic Usage – VMs

Other VM actions
Basic Usage – VMs
● Capacity: Power off first, then resize VM capacity. Memory 768.
● Snapshot
● Take (system) snapshot
● Modify the VM
● Revert

Chmod and Chown, UNIX Style!
Permissions
Make the all the resources previously created usable by everybody
Apply to all the images, templates and virtual networks.
Owner could be changed too => chown, chgrp and chmod.
Take a look at Template → Share

Creating Groups
Groups
Hands on!
Admin: Click Create an administrator user
Username: students-admin
Password: …
Check the Permissions tab (no modifications)

Associated ACLs
Groups
Hands on!
When a group is created, a new set of ACLs are introduced

VDCs
The Power of VDCs

Three Views
OpenNebula Views
OpenNebula
Admin Group Admin
Cloud User

The Admin View
OpenNebula Views
OpenNebula
Admin Group Admin
Cloud User

OpenNebula Views
Configure your Cloud from the Admin perspective
OpenNebula
Admin Group Admin
Cloud User

Group Admin View
Using Groups
Hands on!
Login as students-admin
●Create a student
●Assign Quotas (2 VM limit)

User the Cloud as a Cloud User
OpenNebula Views
OpenNebula
Admin Group Admin
Cloud User

Cloud View
OpenNebula Views
Hands on!
Login as the student and instantiate a new VM
●Select the ubuntu-14.04
template
●Network private
● Explore the VM actions. Power Off and Save VM
● With the oneadmin account see the new template and image
● Other options: SSH Key, Quotas, Settings

Group Admin View
Using Groups
Hands on!
Login as students-admin

Explore
Federation
OpenNebula can scale by federation many OpenNebula instances.
Scheduler
The OpenNebula Scheduler is extremely flexible. Write your own rules
you want to guarantee that your vms end up wherever you need them.
OneGate
Send custom Metrics to OpenNebula
AppMarket
Deliver appliances ready to be consumed
CloudBursting
Scale out your private resources to EC2
vOneCloud
vCloud Director Replacement with al the OpenNebula Cloud benefits
Other Features

We Will Be Happy to Clarify Any Question
Questions?

OpenNebula 5.4 Hands-on Tutorial

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