This document provides an overview of basic graphics and animation capabilities in Java. It discusses how to draw various shapes like lines, rectangles, ovals, arcs and polygons using the Graphics class. Key methods for drawing shapes are described, including drawLine(), drawRect(), drawOval(), drawArc(), and drawPolygon(). Examples are given to demonstrate how to use these methods to draw simple shapes and composite figures like a human face. The document also explains Java's coordinate system and how shapes are drawn within the canvas area.

1. Thank You!
L ogistics
E d i t t h i s t e x t h e r e
JAVA
Seminar
Basic Graphics
and Animation Presented By :
Prakash Kumar
(MCA/25023/22)

2. Introduction
One of the most important features of java is its
ability to draw graphics. We can write Java applets
that draw lines, figures of different shapes, images
and text in different fonts and styles. We can also
incorporate different colors in display.
Every applet has its own area of the screen known as
canvas, where it creates its display. Java Coordinate
system has the origin (0,0) in the upper-left corner.
Positive x values are to the right and positive y values
are to the bottom. The values of the coordinates x
and y are in pixels.

3. The Graphics Class
Java’s Graphics class includes methods for drawing many
different types of shapes, from simple lines to polygons
to text in a variety of fonts. To draw a shape on the
screen, we may call one of the methods available in the
Graphics class. To draw a shape, we only need to use the
appropriate method with the required arguments.
Drawing Methods of the Graphics Class:
Method Description
clearRect() Erases a rectangular area of the canvas
copyArea() Copies a rectangular area of the canvas to
another area
drawArc() Draws a hallow arc
drawLine() Draws a Straight Line

4. Method Description
drawOval() Draws a hollow oval
drawPolygon() Draws a hollow polygon
drawRect() Draws a hollow rectangle
drawRoundRect() Draws a hollow rounded corner rectangle
drawstring() Display a text string
fillArc() Draws a filled arc
fillOval() Draws a filled oval
fillPolygon() Draws a filled polygon
fillRect() Draws a filled rectangle
fillRoundRect() Draws a filled rounded corner rectangle
getColor() Retrieves the current drawing color
getFont() Retrieves the currently used font
setColor() Sets the drawing color
setFont() Sets the font
(Contd.)

5. Line
s
Line is the simplest shape we can draw with the
graphics class. The drawLine() method takes two pair
of coordinates, (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) as arguments and
draws a line between them.
For example, the following statement draws a straight
line from the coordinate point (20, 20) to (70, 70) :
g.drawLine (20, 20, 70, 70);
The g is the Graphics object passed to the method.

6. Rectangles
We can draw a rectangle using the drawRect() method. This
method takes four arguments.
The first two represent the x and y coordinates of the top-left
corner of the rectangle, and the remaining two represent the
width and the height of the rectangle.
For example, the following statement draws a rectangle starting
at (10, 60) having a width of 40 pixels and a height of 30 pixels.
The drawRect() method draws only the outline of a box.
g.drawRect (10 , 60, 40 , 30);
(x , y) width
height
Rectangle

7. Circles and Ellipses
The graphics class does not have any method for circles or
ellipses. The drawOval() method can be used to draw a
circle or an ellipse. Ovals are just like rectangles with overly
rounded corners.
The drawOval() method takes four arguments. The first two
represents the top-left corner of the imaginary rectangle
and the other two represent the width and height of the oval
itself. If the width and the height are same then the oval
becomes a circle.
Height
width
Oval within an imaginary rectangle

8. Drawing Arcs
An arc is a part of an oval. The drawArc() designed to
draw arcs takes six arguments.
The first four are the same as the arguments for
drawOval() method and the last two represent the
starting angle of the arc and the number of degrees
(sweep angle) around the arc.
90˚
180˚ 0˚
270˚
Arc as a part of an oval

9. Drawing Polygons
Polygons are shapes with many sides. A polygon may be
considered as a set of lines connected together.
The end of the first line is the beginning of the second line,
the end of the second line is the beginning of the third,
and so on. This suggests that we can draw a polygon with n
sides using the drawLine() method n times in succession.
For Ex: To draw a Polygon with 3 sides (triangle) having
vertices (10, 20), (170, 40) and (80, 140).
public void paint (Graphics g) {
g.drawLine(10, 20, 170, 40)
g.drawLine(170, 40, 80, 140)
g.drawLine(80, 140, 10, 20)
}

10. (10, 20)
(170, 40)
(80, 140)
A polygon with three sides
We can draw polygon more conveniently using the
drawPolygon() method of graphics class. This method takes
3 arguments:
 An array of integers containing x coordinates
 An array of integers containing y coordinates
 An integer for the total number of points
The polygon above can also be drawn as:
public void paint (Graphics g) {
int xPoints [] = {10, 170, 80, 10};
int yPoints [] = {20, 40, 140, 20};
g.drawPolygon (xPoints, yPoints, nPoints);
}

11. //Applet for drawing a human face
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class Face extends Applet
{
public void paint (Graphics g)
{
g.drawOval (40, 40, 120, 150);
g.drawOval (57, 75, 30, 20);
g.drawOval (110, 75, 30,20);
g.filloval (68, 81, 10, 10);
g.filloval (121, 81, 10, 10) ;
g.drawOval (85, 100, 30, 30);
g.fillAro (60, 125, 80, 40, 180, 180);
g.drawOval (25, 92, 15, 30);
g.drawOval (160, 92, 15, 30);
}
}
Output

12. Thank You
Reference :- Programming with JAVA
Sixth Edition, E Balagurusamy