The document introduces the R2DBC (Reactive Relational Database Connectivity) connector for reactive programming with MariaDB, emphasizing its non-blocking nature and the importance of reactive programming in developing high-efficiency applications. It outlines the principles and goals of R2DBC, including seamless integration into reactive JVM platforms and vendor-neutral access to features, and explains the service-provider interface (SPI) designed to overcome limitations of JDBC. The document also provides a brief overview of setting up connections and executing SQL commands using R2DBC.

1. Introducing the R2DBC
connector
Reactive Programming with MariaDB

2. Who is this guy?
Rob Hedgpeth
Developer Evangelist
robh@mariadb.com
@probablyrealrob
rhedgpeth

3. Agenda
● Reactive Programming
○ What is it?
○ Why is it important?
● R2DBC
○ What is it?
○ How can you use it?
● Demo
Non-blocking
Database Euphoria

4. Reactive Programming

5. What is it?

6. @mariadb
reactive programming
/rēˈaktiv/ /ˈprōˌgramiNG/
A declarative programming paradigm concerned with data streams and the
propagation of change.

7. Data Streams
A B
Stream of Data
C
@mariadb

8. What is a stream?
@mariadb
Variables
changes in data
Starting event
initiates stream of data
Error
disruption in data
Completion
all data is processed
Time

9. Reactive Streams
@mariadb
● An initiative started in 2013 by several companies (e.g. Netflix, Pivotal,
Lightbend and many others)
● A specification
○ API types
○ Technology Compatibility Kit (TCK)
● The goal was to provide a standard for asynchronous stream processing with
non-blocking back pressure.

10. Back Pressure
@mariadb
Data

11. Back Pressure
@mariadb
A B
Push stream of
N data items
Request N data items
Publisher Subscriber

12. Back Pressure
@mariadb
Publisher Subscriber
Request (10)
Send
Request (1)
Send
Send
Request (3)

13. Reactive Streams API
@mariadb
Publisher Subscriber
Subscription
onSubscribe
request(n)
cancel()
onNext*
(onError | onComplete)

14. Reactive Streams API
@mariadb
public interface Publisher<T> {
public void subscribe(Subscriber<? super T> s);
}
public interface Subscriber<T> {
public void onSubscribe(Subscription s);
public void onNext(T t);
public void onError(Throwable t);
public void onComplete();
}
public interface Subscription {
public void request(long n);
public void cancel();
}
public interface Processor<T, R> extends Subscriber<T>, Publisher<R> {
}

15. Why is it important?

16. Reactive Programming
@mariadb
● The next frontier in Java (and the JVM) for high-efficiency applications
● Fundamentally non-blocking
○ Often paired with asynchronous behaviors
○ ...but is completely agnostic to sync/async
● The key takeaway - back pressure
Async != Reactive

17. JDBC Limitations
@mariadb
Reactive App

18. R2DBC

19. What is it?

20. Reactive Relational Database Connectivity
R2 DB C

21. Design principles*
@mariadb
1. Be completely non-blocking, all the way to the database
2. Utilize Reactive Streams Types and Patterns
3. Provide a minimal set of operations that are implementation specific
4. Enable “humane” APIs to be built on top of the driver
* Ben Hale, Creator of R2DBC

22. Goals
@mariadb
✓ Fit seamlessly into Reactive JVM platforms
✓ Offer vendor-neutral access to standard features
✓ Embrace vendor-specific features
✓ Keep the focus on SQL
✓ Keep it simple
○ Provide a foundation for tools and higher-level API’s
○ Compliance should be unambiguous and easy to identify

23. Reactive App

24. Why a service-provider interface (SPI)?
@mariadb
● One of JDBC’s biggest failings was that the same API had to serve as both
humane API for users as well as an inhumane API for alternative clients like JPA,
Jdbi, etc.
○ API that users didn’t like using
○ Driver authors didn’t like implementing
● It also lead to drivers duplicating effort
○ ? binding
○ URL parsing

25. URL Parsing
@mariadb
r2dbc:a-driver:pipes://localhost:3306/my_database?locale=en_US
scheme driver protocol authority path query

26. R2DBC SPI Compliance
@mariadb
io.r2dbc.spi.ConnectionFactory
io.r2dbc.spi.ConnectionFactoryMetadata
io.r2dbc.spi.ConnectionFactoryProvider
io.r2dbc.spi.Result
io.r2dbc.spi.Row
io.r2dbc.spi.RowMetadata
io.r2dbc.spi.Batch
Fully Support Partially Support
io.r2dbc.spi.Connection
io.r2dbc.spi.Statement
io.r2dbc.spi.ColumnMetaData
https://github.com/r2dbc/r2dbc-spi
io.r2dbc.spi.ConnectionFactory
io.r2dbc.spi.ConnectionFactoryMetadata
io.r2dbc.spi.ConnectionFactoryProvider
io.r2dbc.spi.Result
io.r2dbc.spi.Row
io.r2dbc.spi.RowMetadata
io.r2dbc.spi.Batch
io.r2dbc.spi.Connection
io.r2dbc.spi.Statement
io.r2dbc.spi.ColumnMetaData

27. SPI - Connection Factory
@mariadb
package io.r2dbc.spi;
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
public interface ConnectionFactory {
Publisher<? extends Connection> create();
ConnectionFactoryMetadata getMetadata();
}

28. SPI - Connection
@mariadb
package io.r2dbc.spi;
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
public interface Connection {
Publisher<Void> beginTransaction();
Publisher<Void> close();
Publisher<Void> commitTransaction();
Batch createBatch();
Statement createStatement(String sql);
ConnectionMetadata getMetadata();
...
}
Lots of other methods

29. SPI - Statement
@mariadb
package io.r2dbc.spi;
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
public interface Statement {
Publisher<? extends Result> execute();
Statement add();
Statement bind(int index, Object value);
Statement bind(String name, Object value);
Statement bindNull(int index, Class<?> type);
Statement bindNull(String name, Class<?> type);
}

30. SPI - Result
@mariadb
package io.r2dbc.spi;
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
public interface Result {
Publisher<Integer> getRowsUpdated();
<T> Publisher<T> map(BiFunction<Row, RowMetadata, ? extends T>
mappingFunction);
}

31. SPI - Row
@mariadb
package io.r2dbc.spi;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
public interface Row {
@Nullable
<T> T get(int index, Class<T> type);
@Nullable
<T> T get(String name, Class<T> type);
...
}
A couple default methods

32. How can you use it?

33. Establishing a connection
@mariadb
// Configuration the Connection
config = MariadbConnectionConfiguration.builder()
.host(props.getProperty("host"))
.port(Integer.parseInt(props.getProperty("port")))
.username(props.getProperty("username"))
.password(props.getProperty("password"))
.build();

34. Establishing a connection
@mariadb
// Instantiate Connection Factory
connFactory = new MariadbConnectionFactory(config);
// Instantiate Connection
conn = connFactory.create().block();

35. SELECT
@mariadb
Statement select = conn.createStatement("select * from todo.tasks");
Flux<Task> = Flux.from(select.execute())
.flatMap(
res -> res.map(
(row, metadata) -> {
int id = row.get(0, Integer.class);
String description = row.get(1, String.class);
Boolean completed = row.get(2, Boolean.class);
return new Task(id,description,completed);
})
);

36. INSERT (Prepared)
@mariadb
Statement insert = conn.createStatement("insert into tasks
(description) values (?)");
insert.bind(0, task.getDescription());
Mono.from(insert.execute()).subscribe();

37. But...
@mariadb

38. Demo
A hands on look at the new MariaDB R2DBC Connector

39. @mariadb

40. Roadmap
@mariadb
● Performance
● Fast batch using MariaDB bulk (processing)
● GeoJSON data type
● Pluggable types for MariaDB 10.5 (JSON, INET4, INET6, BOOLEAN, ...)

41. https://mariadb.com/products/skysql/get-started/
$500 credit to get started
@mariadb

42. developers@mariadb.com @mariadb mariadb-corporation
Thank you!
https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-connector-r2dbc
https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/developer-examples
Open Source Developer Examples