Presentation slides used for the invited talk at the "Open systems exploration" e-session at CS-DC '15 World e-conference http://cs-dc-15.org .

1. Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research
Yasuhisa
Kondo
1
Multi-­‐level
Governance
e-­‐Track
>
Open
Systems
Exploration
e-­‐Session
5:00
to
5:30
UTC,
Thursday,
Oct
1,
2015
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research

2. Who
am
I?
Yasuhisa
Kondo
• An
archaeologist
• Some
experience
in
GIS-­‐based
spatial
analysis
and
database
• Interested
in
data
sharing
and
data-­‐
driven
approach
• In
charge
of
promoting
open
science
at
Research
Institute
for
Humanity
and
Nature
(RIHN),
Kyoto,
Japan
• Bio:
https://chikyu.academia.edu/
YasuhisaKondo
• Twitter:
@yaskondo
•
0000-­‐0001-­‐7670-­‐4475
2Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research

3. My
research:
early
modern
human
migration
to
Eurasia
3
Kara
Bom
Note:
Recent
reassessments
of
radiocarbon
dates
and
lithic
technologies
suggested
the
possibility
that
the
first
migration
of
modern
humans
might
occur
earlier.
Initial
Upper
Palaeolithic
(IUP)
industries
(50-­‐45
ka)

4. Joint
ecological
niche-­‐
&
cost
surface
analyses
4*Mid-­‐glacial
data
(15ka)
from
MIROC
AOGCM
(Abe-­‐Ouchi
et
al.
2013
doi:
10.1018/nature12374)
• Precipitation*
• Temperature*
• Mean
annual
• Warmest
month
(July)
• Coldest
month
(January)
• Elevation
(>
–130m)
• Slope
• Aspect
Regarded
as
relative
rapidity
of
migration
Ecological
niche
analysis
Cost
surface
analysis
Location
of
sites
[x,
y]
Niche
probability
Environmental
variables
(see
below)
Percentage
of
contribution
Elapsed
years
Least-­‐cost
path(s)

5. Suppose
migrations
from
the
southernmost
site
Wadi
Aghir
Regard
niche
probability
as
relative
dispersal
rapidity,
under
the
assumption
that
the
migration
progressed
more
rapidly
at
a
pixel
with
higher
niche
probability.
7

6. Least-­‐cost
paths
from
the
southernmost
site
to
other
sites
6
Three
routes
visible:
1.
Anatolia
to
Central
Europe;
2.
Caucasus
to
Russia;
3.
Iran,
Afghan
to
Altai

7. • A
national
research
institute,
supervised
by
the
Ministry
of
Education,
Culture,
Sports,
Science
and
Technology
(MEXT),
Japan.
• Conducting
termed
scientific
projects
to
solve
local
and
global
environmental
issues
through
multidisciplinary
collaboration.
• Promoting
transdisciplinary
approach
in
global
environmental
studies
through
collaborations
with
societal
stakeholders.
7Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research
www.chikyu.ac.jp

8. 8
projects
ongoing
+
26
projects
completed
8
Water-­‐resource
management
Integrated
local
Environmental
knowledge
Water-­‐energy-­‐food
nexus
Long-­‐term
sustainability
through
small
economy
Coastal
area
capability
Desertification
and
livelihood
Societal
adaptation
to
climate
change
Biodiversity-­‐driven
nutrient
cycling
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research

9. Transdisciplinary
approach
(1/2)
(Mauser
et
al.
2013.
doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2013.07.001)
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 9

10. Transdisciplinary
approach
(2/2)
“Science
with
Society”
• Co-­‐design
of
research
agenda,
• Co-­‐production
of
knowledge,
and
• Co-­‐dissemination
of
the
results
with
societal
stakeholders
such
as
governmental
agencies,
funders,
industries,
NPOs
and
civil
society.
(Mauser
et
al.
2013.
doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2013.07.001)
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 10

11. Open
Science

12. Open
Definition
“Open
means
anyone
can
freely
access,
use,
modify,
and
share
for
any
purpose
(subject,
at
most,
to
requirements
that
preserve
provenance
and
openness).”
http://opendefinition.org/
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 12

13. Open
Science
G8
Open
Data
Charter
(June
2013)
8. We
therefore
agree
to
follow
a
set
of
principles
that
will
be
the
foundation
for
access
to,
and
the
release
and
re-­‐
use
of,
data
made
available
by
G8
governments.
They
are:
n Open
Data
by
Default
n Quality
and
Quantity
n Useable
by
All
n Releasing
Data
for
Improved
Governance
n Releasing
Data
for
Innovation
10. We
also
recognise
the
benefits
of
open
data
can
and
should
be
enjoyed
by
citizens
of
all
nations.
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 13

14. Open
science
includes:
14
Open
Data Open
Access
Open
Knowledge
Data
Journals
Data
Citations
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research
Open
Source

15. Open
Source
Open
source
doesn’t
just
mean
access
to
the
source
code.
The
distribution
terms
of
open-­‐source
software
must
comply:
• Free
redistribution
of
source
code
and
derived
works,
• No
discrimination
against
persons,
groups,
or
fields
of
endeavor,
• No
restriction
to
other
software,
and
• Technologically
neutral.
Definition
by
Open
Source
Initiative
http://opensource.org/osd
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 15

16. Open
Access
(OA)
“Free,
immediate,
online
availability
of
research
articles,
coupled
with
the
rights
to
use
these
articles
fully
in
the
digital
environment.”
http://www.sparc.arl.org/issues/open-­‐access
• Gold
OA:
Authors
pay
OA
fee
to
publishers
to
make
their
articles
open
access.
• Green
OA:
Institutional
repositories
make
articles
of
affiliated
members
open
access.
Time
delay
(embargo)
may
apply.
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 16

17. Open
Data
“Open
data
and
content
can
be
freely
used,
modified,
and
shared
by
anyone
for
any
purpose.”
http://opendefinition.org
• Open
Government
Data
>>
advanced!
• Open
Science
Data
>>
to
be
accomplished
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 17

18. Data
Citation
as
a
gateway
to
open
science
Data
Journals
Data
Repositories
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 18
https://www.datacite.orghttp://www.nature.com/sdata/

19. Promotion
of
Open
Science:
a
summary
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 19
Cabinet
Office
(2015.3)
Promoting
open
science
in
Japan.
Executive
summary.
http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/sonota/openscience/150330_openscience_summary_en.pdf

20. Open
Knowledge
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 20
http://okfn.org

21. Dawn
of
Citizen
Science
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 21
http://on.ted.com/Lotto
Blackawton
et
al.
2011
doi:
10.1098/rsbl.2010.1056

22. Open
science
may
boost
citizen
science
• Pro
bono
researchers,
or
non-­‐professional
but
skillful
civil
members,
collect
and
analyze
data
with
different
thoughts,
viewpoints
and
interests
from
those
of
professional
researchers,
• …and
may
yield
a
new
method
and
interpretation
beyond
researchers’
conventional
thinking.
• In
order
to
benefit
from
outcomes
of
citizen
science,
professional
researchers
design
research
agendas
and
disseminate
outcomes
with
stronger
motivations
of
societal
collaboration,
which
may
drive
research
to
new
directions.
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 22

23. Open
science
may
boost
citizen
science
This
may
be
a
transformation
of
transdisciplinary
approach.
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 23

24. Problems
of
the
RIHN’s
project
system
• High
academic
fluidity
(fixed-­‐term
projects
and
non-­‐
tenured
researchers)
has
disturbed
the
accumulation
and
utilization
of
research
outcomes
at
the
institute.
• Research
outcomes
may
be
yielded
by
collaborators
based
at
external
institutions.
• Different
institutions
has
different
data
policies.
• Different
fields
of
research
may
have
different
manners
and
customs
in
belongingness
of
research
outcomes.
• Consequently,
it
was
difficult
to
reuse
outcomes
of
individual
projects
as
those
of
the
institute.
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 24

25. Debate:
Are
data
easily
shared
in
your
field?
ü Rather
easy
in:
• Astronomy
• Geomagnetics
where
“big
data”
have
internationally
been
shared
over
decades.
ü Rather
difficult
in:
• Human
ecology
• Cultural
anthropology
where
human
right
issues
may
remain
to
be
solved.
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 25

26. Some
negative
feedbacks
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 26
I
don’t
want
other
people
to
use
and
interpret
my
data
beyond
my
control.
I’m
reluctant
to
publish
the
data
until
I
write
and
publish
a
scientific
paper
using
it
because
the
data
itself
has
an
original
value
to
be
securely
kept.
Illustration:
http://www.irasutoya.com/

27. How
can
we
make
them
willing
to
give
data?
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 27
Illustration:
http://www.irasutoya.com/
OK,
I
will
give
my
data
to
those
whom
want.
We
need
develop
both
regulations
and
service
systems
for
that.

28. Two
bottom-­‐up
actions
RIHN
is
taking
1. Constituting
a
data
policy
2. Developing
an
information
service
In
order
to
facilitate
transdisciplinary
approaches
in
global
environmental
studies
in
the
era
of
open
science.
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 28

29. The
RIHN’s
policy
on
research
activities
III.
Dissemination
of
research
outcomes
• All
research
outcomes
of
the
institute
shall
be
disclosed
to
the
society,
regardless
of
the
structure
of
research
(i.e.
personal
or
collaborative
projects).
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 29

30. RIHN
established
data
policy
in
September
2014
30Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research
.
.
.
. I
V

31. The
principles
• RIHN
shall
respect
the
rights
of
the
individuals
and
groups
who
create
research
outcomes
as
much
as
possible.
• RIHN
shall
manage
research
outcomes
in
an
appropriate
manner.
• RIHN
will
not
inhibit
the
execution
of
contracts
required
for
creating
outcomes.
• RIHN
will
not
prevent
individuals
and
groups
from
utilizing
or
giving
to
third
parties
the
research
outcomes
they
created.
• This
data
policy
covers
all
activities
associated
with
RIHN.
• This
policy
covers
all
outcomes
in
any
formats.
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 31

32. Characteristics
and
expected
effects
• These
rules
are
designed
to
avoid
conflicts
with
the
data
policies
of
other
institutions
as
much
as
possible.
• Respecting
rights
of
researchers
is
expected
to
facilitate
the
accumulation
and
utilization
of
research
outcomes.
• A
first
step
towards
open
science
at
RIHN
and
associated
comminities.
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 32

33. Developing
an
Information
Service
to
Support
the
Global
Environment
Research
Based
on
Societal
Collaborations
in
the
Era
of
Project
Leader
Yasuhisa
Kondo
RIHN
Core
Project
Feasibility
Study
(FS)
Open
Science

34. Objectives
• To
develop
a
data
service
to
support
transdisciplinary
approach
in
global
environment
studies;
• To
develop
a
transdisciplinary
community
of
open
science
in
global
environment
studies;
and
• To
settle
the
concepts
of
open
science
to
global
environment
studies.
34
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research

35. FY
2015
FS
2016
FR1
2017
FR2
2018
FR3
2019-­‐
Post-­‐FR
Schedule
Plan Development Test Full-­‐operationAssessment
Assessed
by
the
external
committee
▼
Screened
by
the
external
committee
▼
FS
=
Feasibility
Study;
FR
=
Full
Research
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 35

36. DIAS:
an
example
of
scientific
data
sharing
system
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research
36
http://dias-­‐dss.tkl.iis.u-­‐tokyo.ac.jp/ddc/finder?lang=en

37. Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research
Current
Awareness
Portal
An
example
of
scholarly
information
portal,
operated
by
National
Diet
Library,
Japan
37
http://current.ndl.go.jp/en

38. Women
Who
Code
Tokyo
x
RIHN
to
be
held
at
Kyoto
on
Oct
3-­‐4
Co-­‐design
of
the
service
by
a
civic-­‐tech
38
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research
Let’s develop a service for future earth and
human well-being!
Illustration:
Satomi
Wanami

39. This
Core
Project
A
use
case
39
Users
RIHN
archives
Reference
service
Information
service
Research
projects
of
RIHN
Future
Earth
Asia
CenterLabs
Other
services
Governments
Funders
Industries NPOs Local
residents
Pro
bonos
Public
relations
Researchers
Data
librarian
information
Inquiries
Interaction

40. 40
Reference
service
by
a
data
librarian
new!
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research

41. Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research
Summary
and
discussion
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research
• will
facilitate
citizen
science.
• Pro
bono
researchers
may
play
an
important
role
for
social
innovation.
• It
is
now
important
to
develop
a
transdisciplinary
community
for
open
science,
involving
societal
stakeholders.
• Note
that
openness
is
not
always
good
–
we
must
distinguish
what
we
can
do
and
what
we
cannot
do.
41

42. Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research
Acknowledgements
• I
thank
the
open
science
community
of
Japan
for
helping
the
development
of
my
thought
presented
in
this
talk.
• Among
them,
I
specially
thank:
• Masatoshi
Funabashi
(Sony
CSL)
• Kazuhiro
Hayashi
(MEXT)
• Satoshi
Ishikawa
(RIHN)
• Asanobu
Kitamoto
(National
Institute
of
Informatics)
• Nobuko
Miyairi
(ORCiD)
• Yasuhiro
Murayama
(NICT
/
ICSU-­‐WDS)
42
Thank
you
for
listening.
Yasuhisa
Kondo
-­‐
kondo@chikyu.ac.jp

43. Debate:
Are
data
easily
shared
in
your
field?
ü Rather
easy
in:
• Astronomy
• Geomagnetics
where
“big
data”
have
internationally
been
shared
over
decades.
ü Rather
difficult
in:
• Human
ecology
• Cultural
anthropology
where
human
right
issues
may
remain
to
be
solved.
Open
science
in
the
context
of
transdisciplinary
research 43