Library Seminar 4: Open Science, 18.11.2021

Library Seminar 4:
OPEN SCIENCE
Dr. Burcu Bulut, 17.11.2021

ITU MAIN LIBRARY PhD Seminar Series
•Seminar 1: «Research Process and ITU Libraries» October, 27
•Seminar 2: «Academic Paper Writing Process» November, 3
•Seminar 3: «Journal Selection and Publishing Process» November, 10
•Seminar 4: «Open Science» November, 17
•Seminar 5: «Academic Integrity» November, 24

AIMS OF THE SEMINAR
• This seminar aims to provide an overview of open science and help
you understand why, as a researcher, you should care about open
science.
• We want to help you become familiar with the terms related to open
science and open research that you will encounter throughout your
academic life.
• We also want to guide and accompany you in your academic
publishing journey.

THE STRUCTURE OF SEMINAR AND CONTENT
• The presentation will last two hours and will be divided into two parts.
• Library presentation
• Invited speaker presentation
• While basic definitions were included in the content, references were
shared for detailed information needs.
• Videos will also be used while giving conceptual definitions.

THE STRUCTURE OF SEMINAR AND CONTENT
• We will share content on the following topics within the first part,
which will start with a kahoot session that will not exceed 10 minutes.
• Definition and benefits of open science, open research, open data
• Open Access publishing and related terms
• Open Science in Turkey
• After the library presentation, our invited speaker, Hacettepe
University Lecturer Orçun Madran will inform you about open licenses
and Creative Commons.

OPEN SCIENCE
«The future of science is open»
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/
https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/open_science_brochure_en.pdf
“Openness is a key principle of
science and research, creating
new opportunities for
participation by researchers,
decision makers and the general
public.”
Open Science and Research Handbook,
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/content/open-science-and-research-handbook
14.10.2021

Is open science different from traditional science?
Open Science is not different to
traditional science. It just means that
you carry out your research in a more
transparent and collaborative way.
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/node/2326 What is open science course 14.10.2021

Is open science different from traditional science?
Open Science is an ongoing transition in how research is performed and how knowledge is
shared.
Open Science is the practice of science in such a way that others can collaborate and contribute,
where research data, lab notes and other research processes are freely available, under terms
that enable:
• reuse
• redistribution
• reproduction
of the research and its underlying data and methods
The products of scientific research should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as
they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents and other mechanisms of control.
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/node/2821 14.10.2021

Definition of Open Science
There is no single accepted definition of open
science.
Open Science is “an umbrella term that involves
various movements aiming to remove the barriers
for sharing any kind of output, resources, methods
or tools, at any stage of the research process.
Open access to publications, open research data,
open source software, open collaboration, open
peer review, open notebooks, open educational
resources, open monographs, citizen science, or
research crowdfunding, fall into the boundaries of
Open Science.”
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/node/1420 14.10.2021 https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/content/what-open-science-introduction
14.10.2021

Definition of Open Science
OPEN SCIENCE TAXONOMY TREE
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/resources 15.10.2021

Open Science is More Than Open Publishing
Publishing in open access journals is great but there is more to
practicing open science. This includes activities that:
• Facilitate resource sharing
• Improve awareness of sharing
• Create linkages between resources
• Advocate for removal of financial barriers

"Science is great, open it (open science)" by Martin Clavey is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

ACTORS IN OPEN SCIENCE
Researchers are the main actors in open science; but
researchers must be supported and incentivized to “do
research openly” through actions of other players. This means
governments and research funders, universities and libraries,
and infrastructure providers (including publishers) also have
important roles to play in terms of policy adoption and
infrastructure development.
https://www.coar-repositories.org/news-updates/unesco-open-science-consultation/#_ftn1 14.10.2021

PRACTICING OPEN SCIENCE IS GOOD FOR :
RESEARCH
Research outputs are accessible to all -not stuck
behind paywalls. This helps to ensure that all
researchers have a level playing field -
regardless of their location or economic
situation. It means that the research process
can be accelerated and new knowledge can be
more quickly generated and built upon to help
solve grand challenges.

SOCIETY
Open Science offers a better return on
investment from research funded by public
money and contributes to better economic
growth.

YOU
Your research will be more visible and
understandable to others which can mean that
you see your citation rates increase. If people
can find and access your research, the potential
impact of your research skyrockets. In addition,
practicing open science can foster new
collaborations and research partnerships that
help to boost your esteem. All of which can help
you to move forward in your career.

BENEFITS OF OPEN SCIENCE
https://www.openaire.eu/what-is-open-science 15.10.2021

OPEN SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC PROCESS
Open Science is about extending the principles of
openness to the whole research cycle, fostering
sharing and collaboration as early as possible thus
entailing a systemic change to the way science and
research is done.
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/content/what-open-science-introduction 14.10.2021

WHAT IS OPEN RESEARCH ?
Open research is a new way of working which supports
researchers all around the world to store, share and reuse
their outputs with the wider community. This means
everyone can access insights and knowledge much sooner,
help to advance research and support reproducibility.
Watch the video (1:23)

WHAT IS OPEN DATA ?
Open Data is research data that is freely available on
the internet permitting any user to download, copy,
analyse, re-process, pass to software or use for any
other purpose without financial, legal, or technical
barriers other than those inseparable from gaining
access to the internet itself.
https://sparcopen.org/

RESEARCH DATA INCLUDE THINGS LIKE...
• Raw data
Raw data are those which are captured from instruments and sensors such as telescopes, smart phones,
and satellites.
• visualisations, models, and algorithms
Researchers also generate digital resources such as models and algorithms to help them analyse, visualise
and present raw data in a meaningful way.
• images, audio, and video files
Remember that digital images are data too. This is also true of any audio files or videos captured during
the course of research such as taped interviews.
• ...just about anything!
Essentially, research data can be just about anything that researchers produce or work with during the
course of their research.
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/node/2328, 03.11.2021

WHY OPEN DATA ?
• Data can be very expensive to collect, or can be concerning rare events. Sharing data makes it more
accessible to researchers around the world, from a variety of backgrounds and experiences. Other
people with different expertise might see different ways to solve problems and find progress.
• Over time, the purpose of a particular data set might change. For example, whale earwax data
supports evidence of climate change. Sharing data has allowed for the original dataset to be
repurposed for new and important research.
• Open data allows for studies to be replicated. Replicability of studies is important to verify that original
findings hold up, and to extend the context of original studies.
• Many research funding agencies are requiring Research Data Management or Data Management
Plans that involve making the data acquired in funded research projects openly available.
https://opendatahandbook.org/glossary/en/

RESEARCH DATA MANAGEMENT
Data-driven research is becoming increasingly common in a wide
range of academic disciplines, …. To support good research, we need
to ensure that researchers have access to good data.
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/node/2328 managing and sharing research data 27.10.2021
The what, why and how of data management planning Video (5:30)
Research data management in research proposals Video (5:36)

OPEN ACCESS INITIATIVES
&
OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING

OPEN ACCESS INITIATIVES
The rising cost of journal subscription is a major force behind the
emergence of the OA movement. The emergence of digitization
and the Internet have increased the possibility of making
information available to anyone, anywhere, anytime, and in any
format. To make this possible, the civil society has endorsed
different declarations that are often referred as 3Bs.
https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/3544.11_ci_e_open_access_brochure.indd_.pdf 15.10.2021

BBB DECLARATIONS
Three leading statements established Open Access as a movement.
• Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002)
• Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003)
• Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003)
«The three Bs stand for the cities of Budapest, Bethesda and Berlin, where three key meetings
were held to lay the foundations of the Open Access movement. Three important declarations
on the subject came out of these meetings.»
https://crai.ub.edu/en/crai-services/intellectual-property/open-access-ub/what-is 27.10.2021
Wath the video (8:23): Open Access Explained !

OPEN ACCESS LOGO
"File:Open Access logo PLoS white.svg" by art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, and JakobVoss is marked with CC0 1.0

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING
Green OA publishing refers to the self-archiving of published or pre-publication works for free public
use. Authors provide access to preprints or post-prints (with publisher permission) in an institutional or
disciplinary archive such as ITU Polen and arXiv.org. If an institution does not have an institutional
repository or there is nor a disciplinary repository then you can use Zenodo.
“An institutional repository is an online archive for collecting, preserving, and disseminating digital copies
of the intellectual output of an institution, particularly a research institution.” https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/institutional-
repository/14808 20.10.2021
Gold OA publishing refers to works published in an open access journal and accessed via the journal or
publisher's website. Examples of Gold OA include PLOS (Public Library of Science) and BioMed Central.
Hybrid journals offer authors the option of making their articles open access, for a fee. Hybrid journals are
still fundamentally subscription journals with an open access option for individual articles.

WHAT IS A PREDATORY JOURNAL ?
«Predatory journals or publishers have taken advantage of the pay-to-publish model, scamming authors out of
publishing fees.
Predatory journals exist as a business, not to promote scholarly discourse or foster high quality research.
Promising fast publication turnaround, these journals have little to no peer review, resulting in low quality articles.
Repeated publication in predatory outlets can be potentially harmful to a researcher's reputation.
Once a submitted article is accepted for publication, an author cannot resubmit or republish elsewhere.
Simultaneous submission (submitting to more than one journal at a time) is also considered unethical. With this in
mind, it is important to carefully evaluate each journal before selecting one for publication, ... These appraisal skills
should be applied before every submission, in order for an author to make the greatest impact with their work. »
https://med.cornell.libguides.com/c.php?g=761618&p=5842616, 08.11.2021

Tips for Understanding Predatory Journals
«These observations do not necessarily mean that
a journal/publisher is predatory. However, they
should raise some red flags, requiring further
investigation before a decision is made by the
author. If you are unsure about a journal's validity,
do not submit»
https://med.cornell.libguides.com/c.php?g=761618&p=5842616, 08.11.2021

OR KEEP CALM AND
"ask a librarian" by Julian Ortiz photography is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

HOW TO GET START WITH OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING ?
By finding a suitable publisher or a suitable repository for your publications
Find a suitable OA journal/publisher for your discipline by searching Directory
of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) or Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB).
DOAB includes over 44,000 academic peer-reviewed OA books from 667
publishers
DOAJ is a community-curated online directory that indexes over 17,000 high
quality, OA, peer-reviewed journals. And! over %70 of the journals listed by the
DOAJ do not charge article processing charges (APCs)!

ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE (APC)
«APC is one of the new business models supporting open access to journal articles is an
author‐side payment to the publisher of a processing fee to publish accepted articles. This fee
is called an Article Processing Charge or APC. A consequence of paying an APC is Gold Open
Access, i.e., open access to the published article on the publisher’s website.
All hybrid journals and some open access journals levy an APC. Typically, APCs are paid by the
author’s sponsor (funding agency or employer) and waived in cases of economic hardship. Few
APCs are paid by the author, though practice varies across disciplines. Many funding agencies
approve of grant funds being spent on APCs to publish open access»
https://library.ku.edu.tr/en/services/open-acces-scholarly-communication/article-processing-charge-apc/ 27.10.2021
APC meaning, definition, explanation video (3:23)

HOW CAN YOU TELL IF A PUBLISHER IS REPUTABLE ?
Before you submit, evaluate your choices!
There are hundreds of journals/publishers to choose from and it can be hard to determine which ones are
reputable. It is a good idea to use the Think.Check.Submit to help you assess the quality of the journal you
are considering.
If you are still not sure about your choice, speak to your supervisor or manager about your publishing
options.
Librarians and colleagues who focus on scholarly communication issues in your field can also provide
usefıl guidance and advice.
Think. Check. Submit Video (01:57)

HOW TO FIND A SUITABLE OPEN ACCESS REPOSITORY FOR YOUR
PUBLICATIONS ?
Publish in the OA journal of your choice but be sure to self-archive your article with a suitable
OA repository to make your publications more visible and to ensure they are preserved over the
longer terms.
It is a good idea to keep preprint and postprint versions of your articles.
Preprints are all the versions of an academic article or other publication before it has been
submitted for peer review.
Postprint is the form of the article after all the peer view changes are in place.
By the way, with free tools like unpaywall and/or OA button everybody can access a free copy
of your pay walled paper with just one click.

POLEN – ITU’s INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY
This is your lucky day!
You are going to learn the best open access repository for your
publications in a minute!
Let me introduce you with POLEN
POLEN is a digital academic institutional repository (IR) for ITU’s
research.

BENEFITS OF INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES
• Provides a tool to manage institutional information assets. In this way the institution
maintains control over the local knowledge economy of the research outputs produced by its
researchers.
• Collects all research outputs produced by researchers in a common database. So
research/project results, grant applications and information on achievements will be easily
accessible.
• Supports the management and follow-up of research activities.
• Increases the visibility and prestige of the university.
• Removes the barriers in accessing research outputs supported by the university.

HOW TO SURE YOUR PUBLISHER ALLOWS SELF-ARCHIVING?
Check the journal self-archiving policy on the publisher’s
website. If in doubt, check the self-archiving policy of your
journal using publisher copyright policies & self-archiving
tool SHERPA RoMEO. This is a UK based service but it covers
international journals.

Is there a citation advantage for open access publishing?
Comparison of citation between OA and non-OA articles
Comparison of accumulation page view between OA and non-OA articles Wang, X., Liu, C., Mao, W. et al. Scientometrics (2015) 103: 555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1547-

OPEN LICENCES & CREATIVE COMMONS
You can choose an open licence to maintain your copyright while enabling the public to use
and remix your creative work. An open licence grants permissions and states restrictions; the
specific permissions granted depend on the type of open licence you choose.
«Creative Commons licenses give everyone from individual creators to large institutions a
standardized way to grant the public permission to use their creative work under copyright
law. From the reuser’s perspective, the presence of a Creative Commons license on a
copyrighted work answers the question, “What can I do with this work?” »
https://creativecommons.org/about/cclicenses/ 21.10.2021
"cc logo" by Nebraska Library Commission is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

CREATIVE COMMONS
The Creative Commons website provides detailed information and supporting tools you can use to
license your work. As:
• The Creative Common License Options: There are six different license types, listed from most
to least permissive can be find at CC page
• Choosing a license by Creative Commons License Chooser
• How to apply a CC license or CC0 to your work ?
• Search for CC images that will help you to freely accesible images for your presentations with
the information of how to cite .

OPEN SCIENCE IN TURKEY
The Open Access movement in Turkey began mainly with the activities of ANKOS (The Anatolian
University Libraries Consortium) Open Access and Institutional Repositories (OAIR) Working
Group in 2006. With the participation of IZTECH (Izmir Institute of Technology) in OpenairePlus
project in 2011, OpenAIRE 2020 project in 2015 and OpenAIRE Advance project in 2018, open
access and open science practices gained momentum in the country.
“The National Open Science Committee” was set up by the Turkish Scientific and Technological
Research Council (TUBITAK) in the year 2015 and CoHE established "Open Science and Open
Access Working Group" in the year 2018 and "Turkey Research Data and Open Data Task Force"
sub-working group in 2019.
https://eosc-portal.eu/turkey, 27.10.2021

OPEN SCIENCE IN TURKEY
TÜBİTAK’s Open Science Policy
At the national level, TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of
Turkey) has declared its Open Science Policy recently (2019). It means the
management, storage, archiving, compilation and digital protection of the publications
and research data originated from the projects which have been carried out or
supported by TÜBİTAK constitute the framework of TÜBITAK’s Open Science Policy.
APERTA
Aperta is a national data repository and aims to share open access publications, data
and software to ensure that researchers have fair access to the necessary resources. It
provides long-term storage, protection, management, scanning and free access to the
data of researchers working in universities, publishers and public institutions.
More reading:
Open Access and Open Science in Turkey
The story of open science in Turkey

INVITED SPEAKER SECTION
Orçun Madran is working as a faculty member at the Department of
Information Management at Hacettepe University. He is also
working as a Chapter Lead of Turkey at Creative Commons. He is
teaching programming languages and machine learning related
courses both at the graduate and undergraduate levels. His main
research areas include open science, open education and open
licenses.

Thank you for your attention!
For questions and advice
bulutburcu@itu.edu.tr

Library Seminar 4: Open Science, 18.11.2021

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Library Seminar 4: Open Science, 18.11.2021

Similar to Library Seminar 4: Open Science, 18.11.2021 (20)

More from Dr. Burcu Bulut

More from Dr. Burcu Bulut (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Library Seminar 4: Open Science, 18.11.2021