Onion Routing and Tor: Fundamentals and anonymity discusses anonymity on the internet and how Tor works to provide anonymity. It explains that traditional IP addresses and browser tracking can be linked to a user's identity. Tor creates circuits through multiple relay nodes to hide a user's location and communications. Key features of Tor include using volunteer-run relay nodes, protecting against traffic analysis, and enabling hidden services to host anonymous websites. While Tor enhances anonymity, it cannot prevent all timing attacks if the start and end of a user's traffic can be observed.
This seminar discuss about the TOR BROWSER NETWORK TECHNOLOGY. The discussion includes, How it works, its weakness, its advantage, hidden services, about anonymity etc.
This second-generation Onion Routing system addresses limitations in the original design by adding perfect forward secrecy, congestion control, directory servers, integrity checking, configurable exit policies, and a practical design for location-hidden services via rendezvous points. Tor works on the real-world Internet, requires no special privileges or kernel modifications, requires little synchronization or coordination between nodes, and provides a reasonable tradeoff between anonymity, usability, and efficiency.
Onion routing is a technique for anonymous communication over a computer network. In an onion network, messages are encapsulated in layers of encryption, analogous to layers of an onion. The encrypted data is transmitted through a series of network nodes called onion routers, each of which "peels" away a single layer, uncovering the data's next destination. When the final layer is decrypted, the message arrives at its destination. The sender remains anonymous because each intermediary knows only the location of the immediately preceding and following nodes.
Onion routing was developed in the mid-1990s at the U.S. Naval Research to protect U.S. intelligence communications online. It was further developed by the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and patented by the Navy in 1998. Onion Routing is implemented The Onion Routing project or TOR project.
This seminar discuss about the TOR BROWSER NETWORK TECHNOLOGY. The discussion includes, How it works, its weakness, its advantage, hidden services, about anonymity etc.
This second-generation Onion Routing system addresses limitations in the original design by adding perfect forward secrecy, congestion control, directory servers, integrity checking, configurable exit policies, and a practical design for location-hidden services via rendezvous points. Tor works on the real-world Internet, requires no special privileges or kernel modifications, requires little synchronization or coordination between nodes, and provides a reasonable tradeoff between anonymity, usability, and efficiency.
Onion routing is a technique for anonymous communication over a computer network. In an onion network, messages are encapsulated in layers of encryption, analogous to layers of an onion. The encrypted data is transmitted through a series of network nodes called onion routers, each of which "peels" away a single layer, uncovering the data's next destination. When the final layer is decrypted, the message arrives at its destination. The sender remains anonymous because each intermediary knows only the location of the immediately preceding and following nodes.
Onion routing was developed in the mid-1990s at the U.S. Naval Research to protect U.S. intelligence communications online. It was further developed by the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and patented by the Navy in 1998. Onion Routing is implemented The Onion Routing project or TOR project.
Topics covered are:
-What is Onion Routing?
-What is Tor onion routing?
-How is Tor different from other proxies?
-How Tor works?
-Advantages of Tor
-Disadvantages of Tor
-Tor .onion domains
-Deep web v/s Dark web
-Dark web
-The Hidden Wiki
The Deep Web, TOR Network and Internet AnonymityAbhimanyu Singh
Presentation Contents:
Introduction to Deep Web, Contents of the Deep Web, Accessing the Deep Web, Advisement, Deep Web vs. Surface Web, Importance of Anonymity and Privacy, and Conclusions.
The internet contents an average person see on internet is not the whole web. So the remaining is called dark web. This presentation is about types of web and mainly on dark web.
This presentation is all about How TOR works?, How TOR was designed?, and the add-on's, extensions that make possible the functioning of TOR.
Feel free to contact me if you want the slide notes as the slide notes are not displayed by SlideShare!
Topics covered are:
-What is Onion Routing?
-What is Tor onion routing?
-How is Tor different from other proxies?
-How Tor works?
-Advantages of Tor
-Disadvantages of Tor
-Tor .onion domains
-Deep web v/s Dark web
-Dark web
-The Hidden Wiki
The Deep Web, TOR Network and Internet AnonymityAbhimanyu Singh
Presentation Contents:
Introduction to Deep Web, Contents of the Deep Web, Accessing the Deep Web, Advisement, Deep Web vs. Surface Web, Importance of Anonymity and Privacy, and Conclusions.
The internet contents an average person see on internet is not the whole web. So the remaining is called dark web. This presentation is about types of web and mainly on dark web.
This presentation is all about How TOR works?, How TOR was designed?, and the add-on's, extensions that make possible the functioning of TOR.
Feel free to contact me if you want the slide notes as the slide notes are not displayed by SlideShare!
- Why we do this talk ?
- The digital identity
- HOW TO : Encryption
- WTF is encryption ?
- What can I encrypt ? How?
- HOW TO : Anonymity
- Why does it matter ?
Pixel Bar Charts A New Technique for Visualizing Large Multi-Attribute Data S...Khaled Mosharraf
Since high aggregation of data values with frequent
overlaps in presentation graphics such as traditional
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The problem of user de-anonymization on the Darknet becomes more and more popular. The report will cover a variety of exploits for vulnerabilities in .onion resources and configuration flaws that can be utilized to obtain information on Tor users.
It is for Information Security professionals, to perform anonymous scans and browsing. This presentation will guide to perform nmap and burp scans using TOR network.
Touring the Dark Side of Internet: A Journey through IOT, TOR & DockerAbhinav Biswas
With the advent of IOT, Every 'Thing' is getting Smart, starting from the range of smartwatches, smart refrigerators, smart bulbs to smart car, smart healthcare, smart agriculture, smart retail, smart city and what not, even smart planet. But why is every thing getting smart? People are trying to bridge the gap between Digital World & Physical World by means of ubiquitous connectivity to Internet, and when digital things become physical, digital threats also become physical threats. Security & Privacy issues are rising as never before. What if the microphone in your smart TV can be used to eavesdrop the private communications in your bed room? What if a smart driverless car deliberately crashes itself into an accident? What if you want to be Anonymous over Internet and don't want anybody to track you?
This talk will focus on answering the above questions with a view on 'What are we currently doing to protect ourselves' and 'What we need to do'. What are the new security challenges that are coming up and how privacy & anonymity is taking the lead over security. The talk will also sensitive the audience about the paradigm shift that is happening in IOT DevOps, with help of Docker Containers and how they can be anonymised using TOR.
In depth presentation covers market trends and risks related to network security & big data analytics. The presentation was given by Matan Trogan at Cybertech Singapore.
Presentation of "Anonymity in the web based on routing protocols" technical report developed for the Web Security course of the Master Degree in Engineering in Computer Science curriculum in Cyber Security at University of Rome "La Sapienza".
Link: https://www.slideshare.net/BiagioBotticelli/anonymity-in-the-web-based-on-routing-protocols
Technical report developed for the Web Security course of the Master Degree in Engineering in Computer Science curriculum in Cyber Security at University of Rome "La Sapienza".
The paper presents the techniques which allow the user to gain anonymity in the Internet by using Tor and I2P routing protocols.
There is also an introduction to Dark Web and Tor Hidden Services.
A Presentation by:
REMMY NWEKE, 2016 Fellow, Cyber Security Policy Defender
Secretary, Cyber Security Experts Association of Nigeria (CSEAN)
Lagos Branch
To mark the Cyber Security Awareness Campaign,
October 2016
BalCcon 2015 - DTS Solution - Attacking the Unknown by Mohamed BedewiShah Sheikh
Anonymization techniques are a double-edged sword invention as they can be used by journalists to communicate more safely with whistle blowers or by malicious users to commit cyber-crimes without getting caught but the problem is that neither party is anonymous nor safe from being exposed. In the presentation Mohamed discussed a tool that he developed "dynamicDetect" to de-anonymize TOR clients and browsers and abstracting the user's original IP address and fingerprint. The tool then uses this information as a launchpad to perform defensive and offensive against that TOR user.
Owasp Mobile Risk Series : M3 : Insufficient Transport Layer ProtectionAnant Shrivastava
This Session will focus on Mobile Top 10 2014-M3 : Insufficient Transport Layer protection. We will try to understand Transport Layer, Transport layer security (TLS), insecurities in TLS/SSL, and how this affects the overall security of Mobile Devices as well as what kind of protection can be applied and how this can be identified..
Tor browser with types of web and how you can search the data anonymously. which kinds of data stored on a different web types.
Is all the searches are legal on Tor browser and who can use the Tor browser.
Network traffic analysis with cyber securityKAMALI PRIYA P
We are students from SRM University pursuing B.TECH in Computer Science Department. We took a small initiative to make a PPT about how network traffic can be analyzed through Cyber Security. We have also mentioned the known network analyzers and future scope for network traffic analysis with cyber security.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR 2024.pptxnikitacareer3
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A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
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Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
3. What is Anonymity ?
Anonymity is the state of being
unidentifiable within a set of subjects.
◦ Hide your activities among others’ similar
activities
◦ You cannot be anonymous by yourself!
Unlinkability of action and identity
Unobservability (hard to achieve)
Observer cannot even tell whether a certain
action took place or not
4. You Are Not Anonymous
Your IP address can be linked directly to
you
◦ ISPs store communications records
◦ Usually for several years (Data Retention
Laws)
◦ Law enforcement can subpoena these
records
Your browser is being tracked
◦ Cookies, Flash cookies, E-Tags, HTML5
Storage
◦ Browser fingerprinting
Your activities can be used to identify
5. Who Uses Anonymity
Systems ?
“If you’re not doing anything wrong,
you shouldn’t have anything to hide.”
• Implies that anonymous communication is
for criminals
The truth: who uses Tor?
• Journalists
• Business executives
• Law enforcement
• Military/intelligence
• Human rights activists
personnel
• Normal people
• Abuse victims
Fact: Tor was/is developed by the Navy
6. Why Do We Need Anonymity
?
To protect privacy
◦ Avoid tracking by advertising companies
◦ Viewing sensitive content
Information on medical conditions
Advice on bankruptcy
Protection from prosecution
◦ Not every country guarantees free speech
To prevent chilling-effects
◦ It’s easier to voice unpopular or
controversial opinions if you are
anonymous
7. Anonymity Layer
Function:
◦ Hide the source,
destination, and content of
Internet flows from
eavesdroppers
Key challenge:
◦ Defining and quantifying
anonymity
◦ Building systems that are
resilient to
deanonymization
◦ Maintaining performance
Applicatio
n
Anonymity
Presentatio
Sesnsion
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
8. Related Work
Chaum’s Mix-Net design
◦ Correspondence hiding between sender &
receiver by wrapping messages in layers
and relaying through “mix” routers.
Babel ‘s Mix master and Mixminion
◦ Try to maximize anonymity at the cost of high
latency.
Anonymizer
◦ Single-hop proxy
PipeNet
◦ Low-latency design giving user anonymity by
shutting down the network by not sending.
9. Related Work
P2P Tarzan and MorphMix designs
◦ Rely and generate traffic for other participating
users and hide who originated or relayed a
request.
Hordes/Crowds
◦ Hides the initiator of traffic thorough multicast
responses
Freedom
◦ Supports session keys and address of the server
in a circuit.
Rennhard’s Anonymity Network
◦ Builds circuits in stages which helps to obtain
perfect forward secrecy by extending them one
hop at a time.
10. Threats to Anonymity
Traffic Analysis
◦ Passive traffic analysis
Infer from network traffic who is talking to whom
To hide your traffic, must carry other people’s traffic!
◦ Active traffic analysis
Inject packets or put a timing signature on packet flow.
Compromised network nodes (routers)
◦ It is not obvious which nodes have been
compromised
Attacker may be passively logging traffic
◦ Better not to trust any individual node
Assume that some fraction of nodes is good, don’t know
which
11. How Traffic Analysis Work ?
Internet data packets have two parts:
◦ a data payload
Generally Encrypted
traffic analysis still reveals a great deal about what you're
doing and, possibly, what you're saying. because
◦ a header used for routing
it focuses on the header, which discloses source,
destination, size, timing, and so on.
simple traffic analysis
◦ sitting somewhere between sender and recipient on
the network, looking at headers.
sophisticated traffic analysis
Encryption does not help against these attackers,
since it only hides the content of Internet traffic,
not the headers.
12. Onion Routing (Original)
A technique
for anonymous communication
over a computer network.
Messages are repeatedly encrypted and
then sent through several network nodes
called onion routers.
Like someone peeling an onion,each onion
router removes a layer of encryption to
uncover routing instructions, and sends the
message to the next router where this is
repeated.
This prevents these intermediary nodes
from knowing the origin, destination, and
contents of the message.
14. Tor
(The Second Generation Onion
Router)
a distributed, anonymous network
reduce the risks of both simple and
sophisticated traffic analysis by
distributing transactions over several
places on the Internet.
data packets on the Tor network take
a random pathway through several
relays.
no observer at any single point can tell
where the data came from or where
it's going.
15. Tor
(The Second Generation Onion
Router)
Basic design: a mix network with
improvements
◦ Perfect forward secrecy
◦ Introduces guards to improve source
anonymity
◦ Takes bandwidth into account when
selecting relays
Mixes in Tor are called relays
◦ Introduces hidden services
Servers that are only accessible via the Tor
overlay
16. Deployment and Statistics
Largest, most well deployed anonymity
preserving service on the Internet
◦ Publicly available since 2002
◦ Continues to be developed and improved
Currently, ~5000 Tor relays around the
world
◦ All relays are run by volunteers
◦ It is suspected that some are controlled by
intelligence agencies
500K – 900K daily users
◦ Numbers are likely larger now, thanks to
Snowden
17. How Tor Works ?
Courtesy:
https://www.torproject.org/about/overview.html.en
18. How Tor Works ?...Circuit
Setup
Courtesy:
https://www.torproject.org/about/overview.html.en
19. How Tor Works ?....new
connection
Courtesy:
https://www.torproject.org/about/overview.html.en
20. Tor Enhancements over
Previous
Onion Routing applications
Tor uses telescoping path-built design
◦ Previous designs allowed hostiles to record traffic
and compromise successive nodes.
Tor uses SOCKS proxy interface
◦ Previous designs required a separate application
proxy for each application protocol.
Tor is able to share one circuit for many
TCP streams
◦ Previous designs required a separate circuit for
each application level request. Which is a threat to
anonymity.
Leaky pipe circuit topology
21. Tor Enhancements over
Previous
Onion Routing applications Directory servers
◦ Previous designs resorted to flooding info on
the network.
Variable exit policies
End-to-end integrity checks
◦ Previous designs had no integrity checks.
Rendezvous points/hidden services
◦ Previous designs included replay onions.
Congestion control: uses end-to-end
acks
◦ Previous designs didn’t address traffic
bottlenecks.
22. Hidden Services
Tor is very good at hiding the source of traffic
◦ But the destination is often an exposed website
What if we want to run an anonymous
service?
◦ i.e. a website, where nobody knows the IP
address?
Tor supports Hidden Services
◦ Allows you to run a server and have people
connect
◦ … without disclosing the IP or DNS name
Many hidden services
◦ Tor Mail, Tor Char
◦ DuckDuckGo
◦ Wikileaks
• The Pirate Bay
• Silk Road (2.0)
23. Hidden Services Example:
Creating a hidden Server
Server creates circuits
to “introduction points”
Server gives intro points’
descriptors and addresses
to service lookup directory
Client obtains service
descriptor and intro point
address from directory
24. Using a Location Hidden
Service
Client sends address of the
rendezvous point and any
authorization, if needed, to
server through intro point
If server chooses to talk to client,
connect to rendezvous point
If server chooses to talk
to client,
connect to rendezvous
point
Client creates a circuit
to a “rendezvous point”
25. Staying Anonymous
Tor can't solve all anonymity problems.
It focuses only on protecting the
transport of data
to protect your anonymity, be smart.
Tor does not provide protection against
end-to-end timing attacks:
◦ If your attacker can watch the traffic coming
out of your computer, and also the traffic
arriving at your chosen destination, he can
use statistical analysis to discover that they
are part of the same circuit.
26. The Future of Tor
Providing a usable anonymizing
network on the Internet today is an
ongoing challenge.
Recent activities like NSA snooping.
More number of users attracted
towards Tor.
Each new user and relay provides
additional diversity, enhancing Tor's
ability to put control over your security
and privacy back into your hands.