Onchocerca volvulus
•Download as PPT, PDF•
12 likes•5,061 views
Onchocerca volvulus is a filarial worm that causes onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness. It has a life cycle involving microfilariae that infect blackflies which transmit the larval forms to humans. The microfilariae develop into adult worms in human subcutaneous tissue, producing more microfilariae that can cause skin disease and blindness. Onchocerciasis is treated and prevented through ivermectin treatment programs and avoiding blackfly bites in endemic regions, mainly in rural Africa and some parts of Central and South America.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Onchocerca volvulus
Onchocerca volvulus is a nematode worm that causes river blindness. It lives in subcutaneous tissues and lymphatic vessels, where the female lays microfilariae that can infect the eyes. These microfilariae are transmitted between humans via black fly vectors. River blindness results in skin and eye lesions that can lead to disfigurement and blindness. Diagnosis involves finding microfilariae in skin snips. Treatment focuses on vector control and repeated doses of ivermectin chemotherapy.
Loa-Loa in Microbiology & Parasitology
Loa loa, commonly known as the eye worm, is a parasitic filarial nematode transmitted by deer flies and mango flies. It causes loiasis or Calabar swelling in humans in parts of Africa and India. The adult worms live in subcutaneous tissues under the skin and can sometimes be seen moving under the eye or skin, giving it the name "eye worm". Microfilariae produced by the adult female worms can be found in blood, urine and other tissues. The life cycle involves transmission between humans and flies. Diagnosis is by finding microfilariae in blood samples and treatment involves diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin.
Loa loa
Loiasis is caused by the parasitic worm Loa loa, also known as the African eye worm. Its definitive host is humans and its intermediate host is deerflies of the genus Chrysops. The life cycle involves microfilariae infecting deerflies which can then pass the infection to humans. Loiasis is often asymptomatic but can cause episodic angioedema or migration of an adult worm under the conjunctiva or eye. Diagnosis involves examination of blood samples for microfilariae or identification of adult worms from biopsies or removal from the eye.
Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis is a river blindness disease caused by the filarial nematode parasite Onchocerca volvulus.
Trichinella Spiralis
Trichinella Spiralis is a parasitic roundworm commonly found in pigs. It has a worldwide geographical distribution, including in Egypt. The life cycle involves ingestion of infective larvae in undercooked pork, which then migrate and encyst in skeletal muscles. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic light infections to severe symptomatic heavy infections, characterized by a tetrad of myositis, facial edema, fever, and eosinophilia. Diagnosis involves finding larvae in muscle biopsy or serological tests. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antiparasitic drugs like thiabendazole or mebendazole. Prevention emphasizes proper cooking of pork and control of rodent carriers.
Loa Loa cope by Dr. Nutman
This document discusses Loa loa, the parasitic worm that causes loiasis. It is transmitted by deerflies in West and Central Africa, where it can cause eye and skin infections. While many infections are asymptomatic, it can sometimes cause swelling under the skin or eye infections. Treatment is usually diethylcarbamazine, but this requires multiple rounds and risks severe side effects in people with high microfilariae levels. Ivermectin can also be used but rarely causes serious neurological reactions in areas where Loa loa is common. More research is still needed to improve treatment for this neglected tropical disease.
Loa loa parasitology
1) Loiasis is caused by the African eye worm Loa loa, which is transmitted through bites from infected chrysops flies.
2) The adult worms live under the skin and in the eyes and can cause calabar swellings as they migrate.
3) Microfilariae circulate in the blood and can be detected between 12-2pm via blood smears to help diagnose the disease.
Trematodes
Trematodes are flatworm parasites that are dorsoventrally flattened and unsegmented. They have two suckers and incomplete digestive tracts. Blood flukes include schistosomes which have complex multi-host life cycles involving snail and human hosts. The three main types that infect humans are Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni, and S. haematobium. Lung flukes include Paragonimus westermani which uses crabs as an intermediate host. Intestinal flukes include Fasciolopsis buski, a large fluke found in the intestines, and Echinostoma ilocanum, known as Garrison's fluke, which
Recommended
Onchocerca volvulus
Onchocerca volvulus is a nematode worm that causes river blindness. It lives in subcutaneous tissues and lymphatic vessels, where the female lays microfilariae that can infect the eyes. These microfilariae are transmitted between humans via black fly vectors. River blindness results in skin and eye lesions that can lead to disfigurement and blindness. Diagnosis involves finding microfilariae in skin snips. Treatment focuses on vector control and repeated doses of ivermectin chemotherapy.
Loa-Loa in Microbiology & Parasitology
Loa loa, commonly known as the eye worm, is a parasitic filarial nematode transmitted by deer flies and mango flies. It causes loiasis or Calabar swelling in humans in parts of Africa and India. The adult worms live in subcutaneous tissues under the skin and can sometimes be seen moving under the eye or skin, giving it the name "eye worm". Microfilariae produced by the adult female worms can be found in blood, urine and other tissues. The life cycle involves transmission between humans and flies. Diagnosis is by finding microfilariae in blood samples and treatment involves diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin.
Loa loa
Loiasis is caused by the parasitic worm Loa loa, also known as the African eye worm. Its definitive host is humans and its intermediate host is deerflies of the genus Chrysops. The life cycle involves microfilariae infecting deerflies which can then pass the infection to humans. Loiasis is often asymptomatic but can cause episodic angioedema or migration of an adult worm under the conjunctiva or eye. Diagnosis involves examination of blood samples for microfilariae or identification of adult worms from biopsies or removal from the eye.
Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis is a river blindness disease caused by the filarial nematode parasite Onchocerca volvulus.
Trichinella Spiralis
Trichinella Spiralis is a parasitic roundworm commonly found in pigs. It has a worldwide geographical distribution, including in Egypt. The life cycle involves ingestion of infective larvae in undercooked pork, which then migrate and encyst in skeletal muscles. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic light infections to severe symptomatic heavy infections, characterized by a tetrad of myositis, facial edema, fever, and eosinophilia. Diagnosis involves finding larvae in muscle biopsy or serological tests. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antiparasitic drugs like thiabendazole or mebendazole. Prevention emphasizes proper cooking of pork and control of rodent carriers.
Loa Loa cope by Dr. Nutman
This document discusses Loa loa, the parasitic worm that causes loiasis. It is transmitted by deerflies in West and Central Africa, where it can cause eye and skin infections. While many infections are asymptomatic, it can sometimes cause swelling under the skin or eye infections. Treatment is usually diethylcarbamazine, but this requires multiple rounds and risks severe side effects in people with high microfilariae levels. Ivermectin can also be used but rarely causes serious neurological reactions in areas where Loa loa is common. More research is still needed to improve treatment for this neglected tropical disease.
Loa loa parasitology
1) Loiasis is caused by the African eye worm Loa loa, which is transmitted through bites from infected chrysops flies.
2) The adult worms live under the skin and in the eyes and can cause calabar swellings as they migrate.
3) Microfilariae circulate in the blood and can be detected between 12-2pm via blood smears to help diagnose the disease.
Trematodes
Trematodes are flatworm parasites that are dorsoventrally flattened and unsegmented. They have two suckers and incomplete digestive tracts. Blood flukes include schistosomes which have complex multi-host life cycles involving snail and human hosts. The three main types that infect humans are Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni, and S. haematobium. Lung flukes include Paragonimus westermani which uses crabs as an intermediate host. Intestinal flukes include Fasciolopsis buski, a large fluke found in the intestines, and Echinostoma ilocanum, known as Garrison's fluke, which
Enterobius vermicularis
Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as pinworm or seat worm, is a parasitic nematode that infects the human intestine. It has a two month lifecycle where sexually mature worms inhabit the small and large intestines and lay eggs in the perianal area. Infection occurs when eggs are ingested and hatch in the small intestine. Pinworms are a common cause of itching and irritation around the anus but often cause no symptoms. Diagnosis involves detecting eggs on perianal skin or microscopic examination of stool samples. Treatment involves administering anthelmintic drugs to infected individuals and members of their household. Prevention focuses on good personal hygiene like handwashing and cutting fingernails short
Liver flukes
This document describes the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. It details their taxonomy, life cycle, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Fasciola species have a complex life cycle involving an aquatic snail as the first intermediate host and water plants as the second intermediate host. Humans and ruminants can become infected by ingesting metacercariae on contaminated water plants or water. Infection causes fascioliasis and symptoms range from asymptomatic to abdominal pain. Diagnosis involves finding eggs in stool or through serology. Treatment includes drugs like bithionol and triclabendazole.
Wuchereria bancrofti
Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic roundworm that causes lymphatic filariasis. It lives in the lymphatic system of humans and is transmitted by mosquitoes. The adult female worms release microfilariae that circulate in the bloodstream and can be detected via blood smears between 8 PM and 4 AM. Infection leads to swelling of the limbs and genitals known as elephantiasis. Diagnosis involves blood smears to detect microfilariae while treatment consists of medications like diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and albendazole. Prevention focuses on mosquito control and public education.
Onchocerciasis
onchocerciasis, definition, onchocerca volvulus, epidemiology of onchocerciasis, management of onchocerciasis, prevention of onchocerciasis, pathology of onchocerciasis
trypanasoma cruzi
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is transmitted to humans through contact with the feces of triatomine bugs. Around 10 million people are infected globally, primarily in Latin America. The disease has three stages: acute, indeterminate, and chronic. In the chronic stage, the parasite can cause serious heart and digestive system complications. Treatment is available but needs to be administered early for best results. Prevention focuses on controlling triatomine bug populations and screening blood donations and organ/tissue transplants.
Onchocerca volvulus
Female Onchocerca volvolus worms live in nodules under the skin for approximately 15 years, where they produce microfilariae that can survive for up to 2 years. The microfilariae are ingested by blackflies and can cause onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, a disease mainly found in parts of Africa and Latin America that can lead to blindness. Diagnosis involves examining skin snips or biopsies under a microscope for the presence of microfilariae or adult worms.
Trichomonas
Trichomonas is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract and causes trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection. It has only a trophozoite stage and is transmitted during sexual intercourse. Symptoms can include vaginal inflammation, itching, discharge and painful urination. Diagnosis involves examining vaginal discharge under a microscope or using antigen and nucleic acid detection tests. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole. Prevention focuses on barrier protection, hygiene and treating infected partners.
Enterobius vermicularis
Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as the pinworm or threadworm, is a parasitic nematode that infects the large intestine of humans. It has a worldwide distribution and is considered the most common human parasite, primarily affecting children. The adult worms live in the cecum and appendix where the female lays eggs around the anal area, causing intense itching and scratching. The eggs can hatch and reinfect the host through autoinfection or contaminate surfaces, transmitting the infection through contaminated hands, food, water, clothing or dust. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of samples collected from the perianal area to detect eggs. Treatment involves a single dose of anthelmintic medication and repeated treatment to
Trematode
This document summarizes several medically important trematodes (parasitic flatworms):
- Schistosoma species cause schistosomiasis and have complex lifecycles involving freshwater snails and human hosts. Symptoms vary depending on infected organ but include blood in urine/stool.
- Fasciola hepatica is the sheep liver fluke which infects humans through contaminated watercress, causing liver/bile duct damage.
- Fasciolopsis buski infects the intestine through contaminated aquatic plants, attaching to the intestinal mucosa as adults. Most infections are asymptomatic but ulceration can occur.
- Diagnosis of trematode infections is usually by
Filariasis
The document discusses filarial nematodes which are roundworms that can cause filariasis in humans. It describes the main filarial species that infect humans including Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, and others. It covers their life cycles, vectors, sites of infection in the body, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The distribution of different filarial species is worldwide for W. bancrofti and includes parts of Asia, Africa and the Pacific for others.
Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is caused by infection with the nematode Onchocerca volvulus transmitted through the bites of infected black flies. The larvae spread throughout the body and can cause intense itching, skin lesions, depigmentation, and blindness by infecting the eye. Treatment involves annual doses of ivermectin which kills the parasite and antibiotics which target Wolbachia bacteria within the worms. Prevention focuses on controlling black fly populations through larvicide spraying of rivers.
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis nana, also known as the dwarf tapeworm, is the smallest and most common tapeworm found in the human intestine. It inhabits the proximal ileum and is most prevalent in warm climates. H. nana has a direct lifecycle through ingestion of eggs or an indirect lifecycle involving rat fleas as intermediate hosts. Most infections are asymptomatic but some people experience abdominal pain, diarrhea, and pruritis. Diagnosis is made by finding the pathogen's distinctive eggs on microscopic examination of feces. Treatment involves niclosamide or praziquantel which act against both adult worms and larvae. Maintaining hygiene and sanitation helps prevent transmission.
Necator americanus
Necator americanus is a species of human hookworm that is the predominant cause of hookworm infection in the Philippines and was historically responsible for cases of "laziness" in the southern United States. It is a slender worm up to 11mm long that lives in the small intestine. It has a buccal capsule with cutting plates and secretes anticoagulants. Females lay thousands of eggs daily that are passed in feces and can cause anemia if in large numbers. Diagnosis involves finding eggs in feces or larvae after preservation. It is treated with a single dose of albendazole or mebendazole.
Onchocerciasis
This excerpt/powerpoint presentation provides a basis for understanding the second most leading infectious cause of blindness world over
Onchocerca
Onchocerca volvulus is a filarial worm that causes onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness. It has a life cycle involving microfilariae that infect blackflies which transmit the parasite to humans. Adult worms live in subcutaneous nodules and produce microfilariae that cause intense itching, depigmentation of the skin, and blindness. Diagnosis involves skin snips and eye exams to detect microfilariae. Treatment is annual doses of ivermectin, and prevention involves insecticide use and protective clothing.
Brugia malayi
Brugia malayi is a parasitic roundworm commonly known as the Malayan filaria. It is transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical freshwater areas, especially in parts of Asia. The microfilariae have a nocturnal periodicity and are ingested by mosquitoes during blood feeding, where they develop into infective L3 larvae. These larvae are then transmitted to other humans during subsequent mosquito bites, developing into adult worms that reside in the lymphatics and blood, causing diseases such as elephantiasis.
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica is an ameba parasite that lives in the large intestine of humans. It feeds on intestinal cells and causes dysentery and colonic ulcers. The cyst form is resistant and spreads through contaminated food or water. It excysts in the intestine and the trophozoite form causes tissue damage and disease symptoms. Infection is diagnosed by examining stool samples microscopically. It is treated with metronidazole but prevention relies on improved sanitation and hygiene.
Other Filarial Worms
This document discusses several filarial worms including Brugia malayi, Loa loa, Onchocera volvulus, and Mansonella species. It provides information on the epidemiology, morphology, life cycle, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment for each parasite. B. malayi causes lymphatic filariasis and its microfilariae can be detected by microscopy of blood or antibodies detected by ELISA. Treatment involves diethylcarbamazine. L. loa causes Calabar swellings and can infect the eye. It is transmitted by deer flies and its microfilariae circulate in blood.
F.buski
Fasciolopsis buski is a large intestinal fluke that infects humans and pigs. It lives in the small intestine of its hosts and can measure up to 80 mm in length, making it the largest fluke that infects humans. The lifecycle involves eggs passed in feces that hatch in water and infect snail intermediate hosts, developing through sporocyst and redia stages before releasing cercariae that encyst on aquatic plants. Humans and pigs become infected by eating these metacercariae.
Paragonimus westermani
This document provides information on Paragonimus westermani, a species of lung fluke that can cause paragonimiasis in humans. It discusses the life cycle of P. westermani, which involves freshwater snails and crabs or crayfish as intermediate hosts. Humans can be infected by eating raw or undercooked freshwater crustaceans containing the infective metacercariae stage. The worms mature in the lungs, where they can cause symptoms like coughing up blood or chest pain. The document outlines methods for diagnosing and treating paragonimiasis, as well as preventing infection by fully cooking all shellfish.
Onchocerca volvulus
Este documento describe Onchocerca volvulus, el parásito causante de la ceguera de los ríos. Se transmite por la picadura de moscas negras del género Simulium. Causa nódulos subcutáneos, dermatitis, y finalmente ceguera al migrar al ojo. Su tratamiento incluye ivermectina e hidroxicloroquina.
Onchocerca volvulus
El documento describe la epidemiología, morfología, ciclo biológico, patogenia, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de una enfermedad. La enfermedad se encuentra en terrenos con depresiones y zonas con agua oxigenada en la región de Soconusco, Sierra de Ixtlán. El ciclo biológico dura entre 4 semanas y 24 meses. Los síntomas incluyen erupciones cutáneas, linfadenopatías, fiebre, taquicard
More Related Content
What's hot
Enterobius vermicularis
Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as pinworm or seat worm, is a parasitic nematode that infects the human intestine. It has a two month lifecycle where sexually mature worms inhabit the small and large intestines and lay eggs in the perianal area. Infection occurs when eggs are ingested and hatch in the small intestine. Pinworms are a common cause of itching and irritation around the anus but often cause no symptoms. Diagnosis involves detecting eggs on perianal skin or microscopic examination of stool samples. Treatment involves administering anthelmintic drugs to infected individuals and members of their household. Prevention focuses on good personal hygiene like handwashing and cutting fingernails short
Liver flukes
This document describes the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. It details their taxonomy, life cycle, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Fasciola species have a complex life cycle involving an aquatic snail as the first intermediate host and water plants as the second intermediate host. Humans and ruminants can become infected by ingesting metacercariae on contaminated water plants or water. Infection causes fascioliasis and symptoms range from asymptomatic to abdominal pain. Diagnosis involves finding eggs in stool or through serology. Treatment includes drugs like bithionol and triclabendazole.
Wuchereria bancrofti
Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic roundworm that causes lymphatic filariasis. It lives in the lymphatic system of humans and is transmitted by mosquitoes. The adult female worms release microfilariae that circulate in the bloodstream and can be detected via blood smears between 8 PM and 4 AM. Infection leads to swelling of the limbs and genitals known as elephantiasis. Diagnosis involves blood smears to detect microfilariae while treatment consists of medications like diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and albendazole. Prevention focuses on mosquito control and public education.
Onchocerciasis
onchocerciasis, definition, onchocerca volvulus, epidemiology of onchocerciasis, management of onchocerciasis, prevention of onchocerciasis, pathology of onchocerciasis
trypanasoma cruzi
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is transmitted to humans through contact with the feces of triatomine bugs. Around 10 million people are infected globally, primarily in Latin America. The disease has three stages: acute, indeterminate, and chronic. In the chronic stage, the parasite can cause serious heart and digestive system complications. Treatment is available but needs to be administered early for best results. Prevention focuses on controlling triatomine bug populations and screening blood donations and organ/tissue transplants.
Onchocerca volvulus
Female Onchocerca volvolus worms live in nodules under the skin for approximately 15 years, where they produce microfilariae that can survive for up to 2 years. The microfilariae are ingested by blackflies and can cause onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, a disease mainly found in parts of Africa and Latin America that can lead to blindness. Diagnosis involves examining skin snips or biopsies under a microscope for the presence of microfilariae or adult worms.
Trichomonas
Trichomonas is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract and causes trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection. It has only a trophozoite stage and is transmitted during sexual intercourse. Symptoms can include vaginal inflammation, itching, discharge and painful urination. Diagnosis involves examining vaginal discharge under a microscope or using antigen and nucleic acid detection tests. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole. Prevention focuses on barrier protection, hygiene and treating infected partners.
Enterobius vermicularis
Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as the pinworm or threadworm, is a parasitic nematode that infects the large intestine of humans. It has a worldwide distribution and is considered the most common human parasite, primarily affecting children. The adult worms live in the cecum and appendix where the female lays eggs around the anal area, causing intense itching and scratching. The eggs can hatch and reinfect the host through autoinfection or contaminate surfaces, transmitting the infection through contaminated hands, food, water, clothing or dust. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of samples collected from the perianal area to detect eggs. Treatment involves a single dose of anthelmintic medication and repeated treatment to
Trematode
This document summarizes several medically important trematodes (parasitic flatworms):
- Schistosoma species cause schistosomiasis and have complex lifecycles involving freshwater snails and human hosts. Symptoms vary depending on infected organ but include blood in urine/stool.
- Fasciola hepatica is the sheep liver fluke which infects humans through contaminated watercress, causing liver/bile duct damage.
- Fasciolopsis buski infects the intestine through contaminated aquatic plants, attaching to the intestinal mucosa as adults. Most infections are asymptomatic but ulceration can occur.
- Diagnosis of trematode infections is usually by
Filariasis
The document discusses filarial nematodes which are roundworms that can cause filariasis in humans. It describes the main filarial species that infect humans including Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, and others. It covers their life cycles, vectors, sites of infection in the body, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The distribution of different filarial species is worldwide for W. bancrofti and includes parts of Asia, Africa and the Pacific for others.
Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is caused by infection with the nematode Onchocerca volvulus transmitted through the bites of infected black flies. The larvae spread throughout the body and can cause intense itching, skin lesions, depigmentation, and blindness by infecting the eye. Treatment involves annual doses of ivermectin which kills the parasite and antibiotics which target Wolbachia bacteria within the worms. Prevention focuses on controlling black fly populations through larvicide spraying of rivers.
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis nana, also known as the dwarf tapeworm, is the smallest and most common tapeworm found in the human intestine. It inhabits the proximal ileum and is most prevalent in warm climates. H. nana has a direct lifecycle through ingestion of eggs or an indirect lifecycle involving rat fleas as intermediate hosts. Most infections are asymptomatic but some people experience abdominal pain, diarrhea, and pruritis. Diagnosis is made by finding the pathogen's distinctive eggs on microscopic examination of feces. Treatment involves niclosamide or praziquantel which act against both adult worms and larvae. Maintaining hygiene and sanitation helps prevent transmission.
Necator americanus
Necator americanus is a species of human hookworm that is the predominant cause of hookworm infection in the Philippines and was historically responsible for cases of "laziness" in the southern United States. It is a slender worm up to 11mm long that lives in the small intestine. It has a buccal capsule with cutting plates and secretes anticoagulants. Females lay thousands of eggs daily that are passed in feces and can cause anemia if in large numbers. Diagnosis involves finding eggs in feces or larvae after preservation. It is treated with a single dose of albendazole or mebendazole.
Onchocerciasis
This excerpt/powerpoint presentation provides a basis for understanding the second most leading infectious cause of blindness world over
Onchocerca
Onchocerca volvulus is a filarial worm that causes onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness. It has a life cycle involving microfilariae that infect blackflies which transmit the parasite to humans. Adult worms live in subcutaneous nodules and produce microfilariae that cause intense itching, depigmentation of the skin, and blindness. Diagnosis involves skin snips and eye exams to detect microfilariae. Treatment is annual doses of ivermectin, and prevention involves insecticide use and protective clothing.
Brugia malayi
Brugia malayi is a parasitic roundworm commonly known as the Malayan filaria. It is transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical freshwater areas, especially in parts of Asia. The microfilariae have a nocturnal periodicity and are ingested by mosquitoes during blood feeding, where they develop into infective L3 larvae. These larvae are then transmitted to other humans during subsequent mosquito bites, developing into adult worms that reside in the lymphatics and blood, causing diseases such as elephantiasis.
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica is an ameba parasite that lives in the large intestine of humans. It feeds on intestinal cells and causes dysentery and colonic ulcers. The cyst form is resistant and spreads through contaminated food or water. It excysts in the intestine and the trophozoite form causes tissue damage and disease symptoms. Infection is diagnosed by examining stool samples microscopically. It is treated with metronidazole but prevention relies on improved sanitation and hygiene.
Other Filarial Worms
This document discusses several filarial worms including Brugia malayi, Loa loa, Onchocera volvulus, and Mansonella species. It provides information on the epidemiology, morphology, life cycle, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment for each parasite. B. malayi causes lymphatic filariasis and its microfilariae can be detected by microscopy of blood or antibodies detected by ELISA. Treatment involves diethylcarbamazine. L. loa causes Calabar swellings and can infect the eye. It is transmitted by deer flies and its microfilariae circulate in blood.
F.buski
Fasciolopsis buski is a large intestinal fluke that infects humans and pigs. It lives in the small intestine of its hosts and can measure up to 80 mm in length, making it the largest fluke that infects humans. The lifecycle involves eggs passed in feces that hatch in water and infect snail intermediate hosts, developing through sporocyst and redia stages before releasing cercariae that encyst on aquatic plants. Humans and pigs become infected by eating these metacercariae.
Paragonimus westermani
This document provides information on Paragonimus westermani, a species of lung fluke that can cause paragonimiasis in humans. It discusses the life cycle of P. westermani, which involves freshwater snails and crabs or crayfish as intermediate hosts. Humans can be infected by eating raw or undercooked freshwater crustaceans containing the infective metacercariae stage. The worms mature in the lungs, where they can cause symptoms like coughing up blood or chest pain. The document outlines methods for diagnosing and treating paragonimiasis, as well as preventing infection by fully cooking all shellfish.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Onchocerca volvulus
Este documento describe Onchocerca volvulus, el parásito causante de la ceguera de los ríos. Se transmite por la picadura de moscas negras del género Simulium. Causa nódulos subcutáneos, dermatitis, y finalmente ceguera al migrar al ojo. Su tratamiento incluye ivermectina e hidroxicloroquina.
Onchocerca volvulus
El documento describe la epidemiología, morfología, ciclo biológico, patogenia, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de una enfermedad. La enfermedad se encuentra en terrenos con depresiones y zonas con agua oxigenada en la región de Soconusco, Sierra de Ixtlán. El ciclo biológico dura entre 4 semanas y 24 meses. Los síntomas incluyen erupciones cutáneas, linfadenopatías, fiebre, taquicard
Onchocerca volvulus
Este documento describe la oncocercosis, una enfermedad causada por el parásito Onchocerca volvulus y transmitida por la picadura de moscas negras infectadas. Afecta a más de 18 millones de personas en África y América. Los parásitos adultos viven en nódulos subcutáneos y las hembras producen microfilarias que migran a la piel y los ojos, causando ceguera. El diagnóstico se realiza encontrando microfilarias en muestras de piel. El tratamiento incl
Loa loa(1)
Este documento resume la clasificación, morfología, ciclo de vida y epidemiología del parásito Loa loa. L. loa pertenece al filo Nematoda y causa la enfermedad conocida como loasis. Se transmite a humanos a través de la picadura de moscas del género Chrysops. Los síntomas incluyen picaduras dolorosas, nódulos e hinchazón bajo la piel.
Wuchereria Bancrofti
La Wuchereria bancrofti es un nematodo filiforme que produce filariasis linfática. Su huésped intermediario son varias especies de mosquitos como Aedes, Culex y Anopheles. Las zonas con mayor incidencia son China, India e Indonesia, donde existen alrededor de 90 millones de personas infectadas. Los principales medicamentos para el tratamiento son la ivermectina, albendazol y dietilcarbamazina.
Enterobius vermicularis(PINWORM)
An easy description of a common pinworm that cause itching of the anus.An easy approach to parasitoligy
Wuchereria bancrofti - Filariasis
This document discusses Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis. It covers the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment of these parasitic roundworm infections. The key points are:
1. W. bancrofti and B. malayi are transmitted by mosquitoes and cause lymphatic obstruction and inflammation leading to lymphedema, elephantiasis, and hydrocele.
2. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infections to lymphedema and elephantiasis of the legs, arms, breasts, and genitals.
3. Microfilariae can be detected by blood
Nematoda darah dan jaringan
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang beberapa jenis cacing parasit pada manusia seperti Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus, dan Loa loa. Dokumen juga menjelaskan morfologi, siklus hidup, penyebaran geografis, dan penyakit yang ditimbulkan oleh masing-masing jenis cacing tersebut.
Redes Informaticas
This short document contains photo credits from four different photographers and encourages the reader to create their own presentation on SlideShare. It lists photo credits to foto1897, fusky, wdroops, and Defence Images and suggests that the reader can get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare.
Eleones Kolokotroni
1) Kolokotronis Olive Groves produces high quality olive oil using organic and biodynamic farming methods including extensive use of zeolite and active microorganisms.
2) Their cultivation techniques aim to recreate the environment and quality of olive oil produced in ancient times prior to industrial agriculture.
3) Their olive oil is bottled in limited production, numbered bottles and contains high levels of antioxidants providing various health benefits.
Apex Tidal Power Scotland
By focusing the flow of water, our patented turbines harness over three times the power of freestanding turbines. On 10-year Power Purchase Agreements paying £0.25 per kWh in Scotland, we generate substantial profits capturing the mighty power of the sea.
Apex Tidal Power (Expanded) 2
By focusing the flow of water currents, our Venturi turbines capture over 3 times the power of a freestanding turbine. We plan to deploy in the waters of the United Kingdom.
Apex Water Power
By focusing the flow of water currents our patented turbines capture over three times the power of free-standing turbines.
Chris Daniels Internship Presentation
This document is a cover letter and resume for a sales/engineering internship applicant named Chris Daniels. The 3 sentence summary is:
Chris Daniels is a chemical engineering student at RPI who has experience with improv comedy and service fraternity leadership. As an intern at Mack, Chris supported program managers by developing product quotes and pricing files, coordinating manufacturing tasks like tooling and sampling, and providing engineering support on older programs. Chris believes the internship was mutually beneficial, providing manufacturing knowledge and skills for themselves while supporting Mack's program managers and customer service.
Lobato Brief
This case concerns whether Colorado's system of public school finance is rationally related to providing a "thorough and uniform" system of public education as mandated by the state constitution. The plaintiffs, several school districts, claim the funding is inadequate and irrational. The court will determine if the finance system identifies educational standards and costs, and funds schools accordingly, or if it is unconstitutional. The document outlines the plaintiffs' claims, the relevant constitutional standards, and factors the court will consider in its analysis.
Let's Talk FINAL
This document provides an overview of Colorado's fiscal education network toolkit. It discusses Colorado's structural budget challenges, including growing demand for services like education, healthcare and transportation that outpaces limited revenue growth. It outlines options like reducing services, changing the tax code, and doing nothing. The goal of the network is to engage nonprofits to have productive community conversations about fiscal issues and help voters make informed choices through discussing values and considering long-term impacts.
Viewers also liked (18)
Similar to Onchocerca volvulus
Nematoda
1. Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common intestinal parasite found worldwide, especially in rural areas and among children.
2. It has a life cycle involving eggs that are ingested and develop into adults worms in the small intestine, causing symptoms like abdominal pain.
3. Diagnosis involves finding eggs in stool samples under a microscope; treatment involves a single dose of albendazole or mebenazole.
Phylum nematoda
The document discusses roundworms (nematodes) that are parasitic. It describes 11 known species that fall into two main clades - encapsulated and non-encapsulated. The encapsulated clade parasitizes only mammals, while some non-encapsulated species infect mammals, birds, and reptiles. Two species, T. papuae and T. zimbabwensis, are unique in being able to complete their lifecycle in both warm- and cold-blooded hosts.
24. Nematode - Onchocerca volvulus.pdf slides
This document discusses intestinal and tissue-dwelling nematodes, including Onchocerca volvulus which causes river blindness. It provides details on the parasite morphology, life cycle, geographical distribution and clinical features of Onchocerca volvulus. Laboratory diagnosis involves skin snips or biopsies to identify larvae. Treatment includes ivermectin or doxycycline. Prevention focuses on vector control through insecticide spraying of black fly breeding sites and mass ivermectin distribution.
microbiology.pptx
This document provides information on various fungal and parasitic infections including Pityriasis versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur yeast, candidiasis caused by Candida species, and scabies caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. It describes the morphology, epidemiology, life cycles, clinical presentations, and laboratory diagnosis of these infectious agents. The document is a reference for medical microbiology that covers topics like fungal and parasitic diseases through detailed descriptions and illustrations.
Elephantiasis
Elephantiasis, also known as lymphatic filariasis, is a disease caused by parasitic roundworms that block the lymphatic system. The parasites are transmitted by mosquitoes and cause swelling in the limbs and genitals. The document discusses the life cycle of the Wuchereria bancrofti parasite, which involves mosquitoes transmitting larval worms to humans that develop into adults over 2 years in the lymphatic system. Symptoms include swelling of the limbs and genitals. Diagnosis involves examining blood or skin samples for microfilariae. Treatment involves diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin to kill the parasites, along with compression bandages. Prevention focuses on avoiding mosquito
Onchocerciasis
• Onchocerciasis also known as ‘’river blindness’’ and ‘’Robles disease.’’
• It is a parasitic disease caused by infection by Onchocerca volvulus, a nematode (roundworm).
• It is the world's second-leading infectious cause of blindness.
• The parasite is transmitted to humans through the bite of a black fly of the genus Simulium.
• The larval nematodes spread throughout the body
Figure 1 Onchocerciasis
CAUSES
The disease is caused by filaria of O Volvulus.
Figure 2 O Volvulus.
LIFE CYCLE OF O. VOLVULUS
1. A Simulium female black fly takes a blood meal on an infected human host, and ingests microfilaria
2. microfilaria enter the gut and thoracic flight muscles of the black fly
3. progressing into the first larval stage.
4. The larvae mature into the second larval stage
5. move to the proboscis and into the saliva in its third larval stage
6. Maturation takes about 7 days.
7. After maturing, adult male worms mate with female worms in the subcutaneous tissue to produce Simulium female black fly takes a blood meal on an infected human host, and ingests between 700 and 1,500 microfilaria per day.
8. the black flies only feed in the day
Figure 3 LIFE CYCLE OF O. VOLVULUS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Skin involvement
• Typically consists of intense itching, swelling, and inflammation.
• Skin atrophy - loss of elasticity, the skin resembles tissue paper 'lizard skin' appearance.
• Depigmentation
• Nodules under the skin form around the adult worms.
Ocular involvement
• may involve any part of the eye from conjunctiva and cornea to uvea and posterior segment, including the retina and optic nerve
• cornea: Punctate keratitis
• can lead to visual impairment and permanent blindness
Figure 4 'lizard skin'
Onchocerciasis – the disease and its impact
Onchocercal skin disease also has an important socio-cultural impact. People with the disease often have low self esteem, experience social isolation, and worry that they will never marry. Children are distracted in school due to constant itching.
Blindness is caused when microfilariae migrate to the eye and die, causing an inflammatory response. Over time the affected area becomes opaque, leading to impaired vision and eventually blindness.
TREATMENT
• infected people can be treated with two doses of ivermectin,
• six months apart, repeated every three years
• Ivermectin treatment is particularly effective because it only needs to be taken once or twice a year
PREVENTION
Primary prevention:
• Vector control- applications of environmentally safe insecticides to the black flies breeding areas during rainy seasons.
• Mass treatment with Ivermectin.
• Various control programs aim to stop Onchocerciasis from being a public health problem
• larvicide spraying of fast-flowing rivers to control black fly populations
• The disease can be controlled by actions at the primary level with the village health worker administering the drug according to t
Enterobius vermicularis
Nematodes are roundworms that range in length from 90 μm to 1000 mm. They have an anterior mouth and posterior anus. Their life cycle involves hatching from eggs as larvae and molting through different larval stages to become adults. Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) is a common intestinal nematode. Females are 10mm long while males are 3mm. It has a direct life cycle. Pinworm infection is widespread, with over 1 billion cases globally. The parasite's eggs are deposited on the skin at night and spread through contaminated surfaces. Common symptoms include irritation and itching. Diagnosis involves examining adhesive tape touched to the skin under a microscope for eggs. Treatment and prevention
ONCHOCERCIASI
Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted through bites from infected blackflies. The blackflies breed near rivers and streams, and their bites can lead to skin disease, visual impairment, and blindness if left untreated. Symptoms include itchy skin rashes, skin nodules, and vision changes that can progress to permanent blindness. Treatment involves repeated doses of ivermectin to kill the larvae and prevent further damage, though it does not kill the adult worms. Mass drug administration of ivermectin donations are being used to control the disease in endemic areas by reducing transmission from infected individuals.
Nematodes
The document discusses several nematode parasites including Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm), and filarial worms such as Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. It provides details on the morphology, life cycles, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of these parasites. Key information includes that pinworms infect the intestines and guinea worms emerge from blisters in the skin after a year of maturation, while filarial worms reside in the lymphatic system and bloodstream, being transmitted by mosquitoes.
Intestinal nematoda summary for Medical Parasitology
Nematodes are roundworm parasites that infect humans through ingestion of eggs or larvae from contaminated food, water or soil. They can infect the gastrointestinal tract, tissues, or lymphatic system. Common nematode infections include ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infection, strongyloidiasis and trichinellosis. Diagnosis involves examining stool samples under a microscope for eggs or larvae. Treatment involves anthelmintic medications like mebendazole or albendazole. Follow up is important for cases of strongyloidiasis to prevent hyperinfection from chronic autoinfection.
enterobiusvermicularis-131219080529-phpapp01.pdf
1. Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as the pinworm, is a parasitic nematode that infects the human intestine.
2. It has separate sexes, with the female being larger than the male, and a life cycle that involves eggs being laid around the anus causing itching.
3. Pinworm infection is common in children under 12 and spreads through ingestion of eggs, causing symptoms of perianal itching and scratching that can lead to secondary bacterial infection.
Trichuris trichuria
Trichuris trichiura, also known as the whipworm, is an intestinal parasite that infects humans. It lives in the large intestine, primarily in the caecum and appendix. The adult worms are whip-shaped, with males measuring 30-40mm and females 40-50mm. Females can lay 5000-7000 eggs per day. The life cycle is completed within a single human host. People become infected by ingesting soil containing embryonated eggs. Treatment involves administering mebendazole orally for 3 days.
Enterobius vermicularis(pin worm)
Enterobius vermicularis, also known as the pinworm or threadworm, is a common intestinal parasite in humans. It has a worldwide distribution. The female pinworm is 8-13 mm long and lives in the colon, where it lays eggs. The eggs can cause itching when they are deposited around the anus by the female at night. Infection occurs through ingestion of pinworm eggs. Proper hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of pinworm infection.
Malaria
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted via mosquito bites. It remains a major global health issue, infecting hundreds of millions annually and killing over 500,000. The document discusses the definition, history, epidemiology, life cycle and clinical presentation of malaria, focusing on the different Plasmodium species involved, their transmission and symptoms. It also covers treatment, prevention, and highlights those most at risk.
HELMINTHOLOGY.pptx
The document provides background information on helminths (parasitic worms). It discusses their lifecycles, transmission methods, locations within the host body, and impacts on human health. Specifically, it covers the major groups of intestinal nematodes (roundworms) that commonly infect humans, including their classification, lifecycles involving egg/larval stages and environmental transmission, clinical symptoms, and methods of diagnosis through fecal sample examination.
loa loa pptx.pptx africa eye worm loiasis
Loiasis, also known as African eye worm, is caused by the parasitic worm Loa loa which is transmitted through repeated bites from deerflies. Infection can cause Calabar swellings, eye worms, and other complications. The life cycle involves microfilariae being deposited in human skin during bites and developing into adults that release more microfilariae, which are then ingested by deerflies. Diagnosis involves finding microfilariae in blood samples or adult worms in tissue. Diethylcarbamazine treatment kills micro- and macrofilariae while prevention focuses on insect repellent, protective clothing, and mass drug administration.
Nematode
This document discusses several intestinal nematodes (roundworms) that can infect humans. It provides details on the morphology, life cycles, modes of transmission, symptoms, and diagnosis of Ascaris lumbricoides (the large roundworm), the two hookworm species (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), Strongyloides stercoralis, Enterobius vermicularis (the pinworm), and Trichuris trichiura (the whipworm). Each worm has a unique life cycle involving eggs, larvae, and adult stages, and they are transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food, water, or soil. Symptoms vary but often involve abdominal pain, diarrhea, and
2.3. TISSUE NEMATODE BY ADERAW.doc
This document provides information on various tissue nematodes including filarial worms, Guinea worm, and Trichinella spiralis. It discusses the epidemiology, morphology, life cycles, pathogenesis and clinical features of Wuchereria bancrofti, Onchocerca volvulus, Loa loa, and Dracunculus medinensis. Key details include that W. bancrofti causes lymphatic filariasis and is transmitted by mosquitoes, O. volvulus causes river blindness and develops in humans after transmission via black flies, L. loa develops in humans after transmission via day biting flies and has diurnal periodicity, and D. medinensis causes dracuncul
POXVIRUSES.pptx
This document summarizes key information about poxviruses. It describes that poxviruses are large, complex DNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. They can be seen under a light microscope and have a brick-shaped morphology. Poxviruses infect both vertebrates and insects, with four genera infecting humans. These include variola virus, which causes smallpox, vaccinia virus formerly used for smallpox vaccination, cowpox virus, and monkeypox virus. Poxviruses can survive for months when protected from sunlight but are susceptible to UV light and inactivated by disinfectants like phenol and formalin.
Wuchereria and Trichinella ZOOLOGY.pdf
This document provides information on the life cycles, modes of transmission, infection processes, and treatment options for the parasites Wuchereria bancrofti and Trichinella spiralis. It describes the complex life cycles that involve both human and mosquito hosts for W. bancrofti and the direct life cycle within a single host for T. spiralis. The transmission and pathogenesis of each parasite is explained, along with symptoms and treatment approaches. The document contains detailed diagrams and is presented by a student as part of a college course assignment.
Similar to Onchocerca volvulus (20)
Intestinal nematoda summary for Medical Parasitology
Intestinal nematoda summary for Medical Parasitology
Recently uploaded
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Benner "Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers"
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Stack Memory Organization of 8086 Microprocessor
The stack memory organization of 8086 microprocessor.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.Recently uploaded (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Onchocerca volvulus
- 1. Onchocerca volvulus GROUP 7 Musah Mohammed (PS/LBT/13/0027) Macben Denchie (PS/LBT/13/0018) Ebenezer Tetteh (PS/LBT/13/0008)
- 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS TAXONOMY MORPHOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION LIFE CYCLE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION SOURCES
- 3. TAXONOMY Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda Class: Secernentea Order: Spirurida Family: Filariidae Genus: Onchocerca Species: volvulus
- 4. MORPHOLOGY Onchocerca volvulus is a filarial worm that causes onchocerciasis Has a five-stage life cycle; 4 larval stages and an adult stage Microfilaria are usually 300 X 8 micrometers long Adult male is usually 2-3 cm long; the female is usually 50 cm long Adults occur in the subcutaneous tissue and in nodules An adult female worm can produce over 1000 microfilariae in a day Adult worms have a life span of 10-15 years Adult O. volvolus Microfilaria
- 5. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Commonly known as river blindness Transmitted by blackflies of the Similium species flies breed in fast- flowing streams and rivers The world’s second leading infectious cause of blindness. The World Health Organization's (WHO) estimates the global prevalence is 17.7 million, of whom about 270,000 are blind
- 6. Predominantly located in rural agricultural villages located near rapidly flowing streams Tropical Africa between the 15° north and the 13° south (high endemicity in Burkina Faso and Ghana) Foci are present in Southern Arabia, Yemen and in America (Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Venezuela) In Ghana Onchocerciasis has an estimated at risk population of 3,400,000 in 3204 communities in 66 endemic districts in nine out of ten regions. Greater Accra Region the only region that is not endemic for Onchocerciasis. CONTINUATION
- 8. LIFE CYCLE Similium fly ingest microfilariae during feeds Microfilariae undergoes development in the fly Development in the fly takes about 15 days Larval forms are transmitted to humans during feeds The larva migrates to the subcutaneous tissue of the new host
- 9. They mature into adult worms over six to twelve months Mature adult worms mate in the subcutaneous tissue producing microfilaria Microfilaria migrate to the skin where they are fed on by the Similium flies The cycle then starts again CONTINUATION
- 10. OVERVIEW OF LIFE CYCLE
- 11. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION Intense itching Depigmentation of the skin Elephant skin Blindness
- 12. DIAGNOSIS Skin snip Slit-lamp examination of the anterior part of the eye Surgical removal and examination of nodules Serological test
- 13. TREATMENT Ivermectin (mectizan) is administered as an oral dose of 150 micrograms per kilogram (maximum 12 mg) every 6-12 months. Surgical removal of the nodules is also available.
- 14. PREVENTION Avoiding the day when the Simulium blackflies tend to bite Using insecticides such as DEET Wearing long sleeves and pants
- 15. SOURCES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Onchocerciasis: Prevention and Control. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/onchocerciasis/prevention.html Levine, R. (2007). Controlling Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Series Editor: Richard Riegelman. Case Studies in Global Health: Millions saved, 49-56. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett. Lucas, A., & Gills, H. (1990). A new short textbook of preventive medicine for the tropics. (3rd ed.). Kent, UK: Edward Arnold World Health Organization. (2011). Onchocerciasis disease information: Prevention of Blindness and visual impairment. fromhttp://www.who.int/blindness/partnerships/onchocerciasis_disease_information/en /index.html www.moh-ghana.org/
Editor's Notes
- Picture of Onchocerca volvulus.
- blackfly
- This diagram shows the full lifecycle of Onchocerca volvulus
- I hope you found the presentation useful, and thank you all very much for attending and listening to me