I did my internship at Egbin Power plc which is a thermal generating plant, I also learnt Matlab during my internship.
Egbin Power Plc is the largest thermal power generating station in Nigeria with an installed capacity of
1,320MW consisting of 6 Units of 220MW steam turbines. The station is located at Ijede/Egbin, in
Ikorodu. It is about 40 km north east of the city of Lagos, and is situated on low land in Ijede and
bounded by the Lagoon to the south, Agura/Gberigbe to the north and situated in Ijede Local Council
Development Area.The Egbin Thermal Power Plant is a gas-fired plant with each of the six 220MW independent steam
turbine units the boiler (steam generator) is Babcock-Hitachi product and is a dual fired type that can
be run on Heavy Pour Fuel (HPFO) or Natural Gas. The major equipment parts of Egbin power plant
are the boiler, turbine and the generator. Other parts include the condenser, condensate extraction
pumps (CBP), condensate booster pumps(CBP), steam jet air ejectors, gland steam condensers, low
pressure feed water heaters 1-3, Deaerator, high pressure feedwater heaters 5 & 6, boiler feed pumps,
economizer, water treatment plant and demineralization plant.
Each unit comprises a steam generator with reheat and superheat cycles, an extraction steam turbine
with automatic run-up and supervisory system and a hydrogen cooled generator with auto
synchronization and voltage regulation. Combustion air is provided by two 50% duty forced draft fans (F.D.) and the feed water cycle comprises a steam surface condenser with air ejectors, tube cleaning
equipment, two condensate extraction pumps, three 50% duty electric boiler feed pumps and feed
heating trains of three L. P. heaters, Deaerator and two H. P. heaters.
Fuel is supplied to the units from common handling systems. Fuel oil is stored in four main storage
tanks and distributed to the unit via six intermediate storage day tanks. Natural gas is provided via a
high-pressure gas line and is pressure reduced before distribution to the units. The units are capable of
full load operation on both natural gas and fuel oil. Natural gas is used for burner start-up and liquefied
petroleum gas is available from storage to permit operation with oil if natural gas is unavailable for
burner start-up.
This material contains in brief my industrial training experience in the largest power plant in Sub-Saharan Africa. (Egbin Power Plant)
Should you need a complete technical SIWES report or want to know about Egbin Power Plant? I have a detailed report published .
Link here:
https://www.academia.edu/73348726/INDUSTRIAL_TRAINING_REPORT_AT_EGBIN_POWER_PLANT
Author: Abisoye Akinloye Samson
Solar pv array fed brushless dc motor driven water pumpAsoka Technologies
This work deals with the utilization of solar photovoltaic (SPV) energy in the brushless DC (BLDC) motor driven water pump. A DC-DC boost converter, used as an intermediate power conditioning unit plays a vital role in efficiency enhancement of SPV array and soft starting of the BLDC motor with proper control. The speed control of BLDC motor is performed by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control of the voltage source inverter (VSI) using DC link voltage regulator. No additional control or current sensing element is required for speed control. The behavior of proposed pumping system is demonstrated by evaluating its various performances through MATLAB/simulink based simulation study.
In microgrid, if fault occurs or any other contingency happens, then the problems would be created which are related to power flow, also there are various protection schemes are used for minimize or eliminate these problems.
Voltage control is used for reactive power balance and P-f control is used for active power control.
Various protection schemes such as, over current protection, differential protection scheme, zoning of network in adaptive protection scheme are used in microgrid system .
Generation of High D.C. Voltage (HVDC generation)RP6997
Generation of high dc voltage using different methods like half wave and full wave rectifier, voltage doubler circuits, voltage multiplier circuits, cockcroft-walton circuits and van de graaff generators.
The document discusses the derivation of a speed governing system. It describes modeling the key components, including the speed governor model, turbine model, and generator model. It then discusses combining these individual models to form a load frequency control model of a single area power system. The presentation covers the basic concepts of modeling, movement of the speed governor components, and the individual models of the turbine and generator.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on current source inverters (CSI). It introduces CSI and compares them to voltage source inverters. CSI use thyristors as self-commutating switching devices and do not require antiparallel diodes for current reversal. The document outlines the contents which include single phase CSI with ideal switches, advantages and disadvantages of CSI, single phase capacitor commutated CSI, and single phase auto sequential commutated inverter. Advantages of CSI include not requiring feedback diodes, simple commutation, and inherent short circuit protection for the supply. Disadvantages include high reverse voltages requiring devices like SCRs and continuous discharging of commutating
This document provides an overview of synchronous generators, including:
- Their construction with rotating field poles and stationary armature windings.
- Their synchronous speed is determined by electrical frequency and number of poles.
- Their internal generated voltage EA is proportional to flux and speed of rotation.
- Their equivalent circuit model accounts for voltage drops due to armature reaction, inductance, and resistance.
- Phasor diagrams illustrate the relationship between EA, terminal voltage, and current under different load power factors.
- Tests are described to determine the open-circuit characteristic and synchronous reactance.
This material contains in brief my industrial training experience in the largest power plant in Sub-Saharan Africa. (Egbin Power Plant)
Should you need a complete technical SIWES report or want to know about Egbin Power Plant? I have a detailed report published .
Link here:
https://www.academia.edu/73348726/INDUSTRIAL_TRAINING_REPORT_AT_EGBIN_POWER_PLANT
Author: Abisoye Akinloye Samson
Solar pv array fed brushless dc motor driven water pumpAsoka Technologies
This work deals with the utilization of solar photovoltaic (SPV) energy in the brushless DC (BLDC) motor driven water pump. A DC-DC boost converter, used as an intermediate power conditioning unit plays a vital role in efficiency enhancement of SPV array and soft starting of the BLDC motor with proper control. The speed control of BLDC motor is performed by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control of the voltage source inverter (VSI) using DC link voltage regulator. No additional control or current sensing element is required for speed control. The behavior of proposed pumping system is demonstrated by evaluating its various performances through MATLAB/simulink based simulation study.
In microgrid, if fault occurs or any other contingency happens, then the problems would be created which are related to power flow, also there are various protection schemes are used for minimize or eliminate these problems.
Voltage control is used for reactive power balance and P-f control is used for active power control.
Various protection schemes such as, over current protection, differential protection scheme, zoning of network in adaptive protection scheme are used in microgrid system .
Generation of High D.C. Voltage (HVDC generation)RP6997
Generation of high dc voltage using different methods like half wave and full wave rectifier, voltage doubler circuits, voltage multiplier circuits, cockcroft-walton circuits and van de graaff generators.
The document discusses the derivation of a speed governing system. It describes modeling the key components, including the speed governor model, turbine model, and generator model. It then discusses combining these individual models to form a load frequency control model of a single area power system. The presentation covers the basic concepts of modeling, movement of the speed governor components, and the individual models of the turbine and generator.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on current source inverters (CSI). It introduces CSI and compares them to voltage source inverters. CSI use thyristors as self-commutating switching devices and do not require antiparallel diodes for current reversal. The document outlines the contents which include single phase CSI with ideal switches, advantages and disadvantages of CSI, single phase capacitor commutated CSI, and single phase auto sequential commutated inverter. Advantages of CSI include not requiring feedback diodes, simple commutation, and inherent short circuit protection for the supply. Disadvantages include high reverse voltages requiring devices like SCRs and continuous discharging of commutating
This document provides an overview of synchronous generators, including:
- Their construction with rotating field poles and stationary armature windings.
- Their synchronous speed is determined by electrical frequency and number of poles.
- Their internal generated voltage EA is proportional to flux and speed of rotation.
- Their equivalent circuit model accounts for voltage drops due to armature reaction, inductance, and resistance.
- Phasor diagrams illustrate the relationship between EA, terminal voltage, and current under different load power factors.
- Tests are described to determine the open-circuit characteristic and synchronous reactance.
This document discusses methods for generating high direct current (DC) voltages, primarily for research in physics. It describes how rectifier circuits such as half-wave, full-wave, and voltage doubler configurations can be used to convert alternating current (AC) to high DC voltages of up to 100kV. Voltage doubler circuits are useful for producing higher voltages than full-wave rectifiers. Cascading multiple voltage doubler stages allows generating even higher DC outputs without changing the input transformer voltage. Special construction is needed for rectifier valves to withstand the high electric fields produced at voltages over 100kV.
This document summarizes anti-islanding detection techniques for grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems. It discusses unintentional and intentional islanding, standards for detection within 2 seconds, and detection methods including passive over/under voltage detection. Case studies show voltage and current responses with loads above and below PV power output. While over/under voltage detection fails when load matches output, detection is more likely under voltage as voltage change is greater during islanding. References on IEEE standards, UL standards, and anti-islanding algorithms are provided.
FACTS DEVICES AND POWER SYSTEM STABILITY pptMamta Bagoria
This presentation provides an overview of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) and power system stability. It defines FACTS as using power electronics to control power flow and enhance transmission system capacity and stability. The document outlines different types of FACTS controllers including series compensation and shunt compensation. It also classifies power system stability into rotor angle stability, voltage stability, and frequency stability and discusses factors that can lead to losses of each type of stability.
WIND POWER GENERATION SCHEMES are Constant speed - Constant frequency systems (CSCF)
Variable speed - Constant frequency systems (VSCF)
Variable speed - Variable frequency systems (VSVF)
1) Streamer theory was proposed in 1940 by Rather, Meek and Loeb to explain phenomena not accounted for by Townsend's theory of gas breakdown, such as dependence on gas pressure and geometry.
2) Streamer theory describes how a single avalanche can develop into a spark discharge through distortion of the electric field by space charge, generating further avalanches cumulatively at the avalanche head.
3) Positive ions are left behind the rapidly advancing avalanche head, enhancing the field in front and reducing it behind, while the field is also enhanced between the tail and cathode. This leads to further space charge increase and field enhancement around the anode, forming a streamer connecting anode to cathode.
By Mr. Irish Pereira The current and expected usage of redox flow batteries across the World.
Includes usage of redox batteries in power generation sectors, including market trends.
This document summarizes a seminar on single phase converters. It discusses different types of single phase converters including half wave and full wave rectifiers as well as controlled rectifiers using thyristors. It provides equations for calculating the average output voltage and current for resistive and resistive-inductive loads. The operation and triggering of thyristors in a single phase converter is explained. Graphs of input voltage and output voltage and current are shown. The effect of an output inductor and finite commutation interval are also discussed.
The document discusses electric drives and their components. It describes:
- Power modulators regulate power from the source to the motor. The control unit controls the power modulator and protects the drive. Sensing units measure parameters like motor current and speed.
- Drives have advantages like wide speed/torque ranges and flexible control. Disadvantages include high initial cost and vulnerability to power failures.
- Drives are classified as group, individual, or multi-motor depending on how many motors are used.
- Dynamics of the motor-load combination are described by the torque equation relating motor torque, load torque, and dynamic torque.
- Steady state stability depends on motor torque exceeding load torque
This presentation was presented to Dr. Chongru Liu in North China Electric Power University,Beijing,China by Mr. Aazim Rasool. This presentation will help to understand the control of HVDC system. Animations are not working like ppt. so I apologize on this.
The document provides an overview of the 33/11kV Phidim substation located in Phidim, Panchthar district, Nepal. It was established in 2058 BS by Nepal Electricity Authority. The substation steps down electricity from the national 33kV grid to 11kV to supply power to local areas. It is responsible for controlling energy exchange, load shedding, fault analysis and improving the transmission system. The substation layout, single line diagram, and organizational structure are presented. Key equipment used includes transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, lightning arrestors, and insulators.
The document discusses current-fed inverters that use a constant current source input. It describes two operation modes for inverters - load-commutated and force-commutated, which depend on the thyristor firing angle. Load-commutated mode requires leading power factor load, while force-commutated mode requires lagging VAR load. Self-commutated devices like GTOs allow direct control of the six-step waveform without needing load commutation. However, their use can potentially cause resonance issues between motor inductance and capacitor networks unless PWM is carefully implemented.
1. HVDC transmission systems use direct current for electricity transmission over long distances or through underwater cables. This became practical with the development of thyristors and solid state valves.
2. DC transmission has advantages over AC transmission for long distance transmission, as power transfer in DC lines is unaffected by distance. It also allows asynchronous interconnection between grids and monopolar operation.
3. While DC transmission has higher upfront equipment costs, it has better technical performance than AC transmission for long distance or underwater cables, making it economical beyond the break-even distance.
The document discusses induction generators, including their principle of operation, reactive power requirements, and applications. An induction generator operates when its rotor spins faster than synchronous speed, inducing currents to flow and generating power. It requires an external power source to produce a rotating magnetic field, such as a capacitor bank. Induction generators have advantages of being mechanically simple and rugged compared to other generator types. Their main applications are in wind turbines and dynamic braking systems due to their ability to operate over a range of speeds.
Sphere gaps can be used to measure high voltages up to 2500 kV. They work by measuring the sparkover voltage between two conductive spheres. The standard diameters for the spheres are between 6.25 cm to 200 cm. Various factors like humidity, temperature, and pressure can influence the sparkover voltage. Sphere gaps are accurate to within 3% for measurements if the spacing between the spheres is less than half the sphere diameter.
What is islanding ?
Consider the power network as shown in fig.1
Now if we disconnect the line AB from the infinite transmission grid there will be an isolated region . The D1, D2 are power sources (eg : inverter , solar power cells ). The power generated in this region is fed to the island only.
We see that there no longer is any control over the island voltage at the bus X . Also there is no mechanism here for control of frequency.
This state is referred to as islanding.
The document discusses multi-terminal DC (MTDC) systems. MTDC systems are used when there are multiple terminals in an HVDC transmission system. There are two main types of MTDC configurations: series and parallel. Series MTDC connects terminals in series, while parallel MTDC allows terminals to adjust currents independently and keep voltages constant. Radial and mesh are examples of parallel MTDC network topologies. MTDC systems provide benefits over multiple two-terminal HVDC links such as reduced costs and losses as well as increased transmission capacity and flexibility.
180degree conduction mode of 3 phase inverterdineshanand810
This document discusses the 180 degree conduction mode of a 3 phase inverter. It operates by having three transistors conducting at a time over three modes as the phase shifts 60 degrees each time. Tables and equations are provided showing the transistors conducting, equivalent resistances, phase voltages and currents for each of the three operating modes.
The document describes the design and applications of different types of turbines. It provides an overview of the history and development of turbines, including early steam turbines invented by de Laval and Parsons. It then classifies turbines into categories such as hydraulic, steam, gas, and wind turbines. For each type, it discusses the basic theory of operation, examples, and efficiency. Hydraulic turbines are further divided into reaction and impulse types with examples like the Francis, Kaplan, and Pelton turbines. The document aims to inform about the different designs and uses of turbines.
Bangladesh Power Stations & Power Plants OverviewRidwanul Hoque
It is a presentation about Bangladesh power stations and power plants such as: Energypac Engineering Ltd, DESCO,Dockyard & Engineering Works LTD ,RPCL, APSCL.
On Power Plant Operation cource In Urdu by Khalid ayaz Soomro.pdfKhalidAyaz3
This document provides an overview of power plant operations in Urdu. It discusses basics of power generation including different types of power plants like thermal, hydel, and non-conventional. It also describes gas turbine preparation checks before starting, gas turbine starting procedures for GE and Siemens turbines, steam turbines, and the importance of DC supply in power stations. Key components of DC supply systems like rectifiers and battery banks are also outlined.
This document discusses methods for generating high direct current (DC) voltages, primarily for research in physics. It describes how rectifier circuits such as half-wave, full-wave, and voltage doubler configurations can be used to convert alternating current (AC) to high DC voltages of up to 100kV. Voltage doubler circuits are useful for producing higher voltages than full-wave rectifiers. Cascading multiple voltage doubler stages allows generating even higher DC outputs without changing the input transformer voltage. Special construction is needed for rectifier valves to withstand the high electric fields produced at voltages over 100kV.
This document summarizes anti-islanding detection techniques for grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems. It discusses unintentional and intentional islanding, standards for detection within 2 seconds, and detection methods including passive over/under voltage detection. Case studies show voltage and current responses with loads above and below PV power output. While over/under voltage detection fails when load matches output, detection is more likely under voltage as voltage change is greater during islanding. References on IEEE standards, UL standards, and anti-islanding algorithms are provided.
FACTS DEVICES AND POWER SYSTEM STABILITY pptMamta Bagoria
This presentation provides an overview of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) and power system stability. It defines FACTS as using power electronics to control power flow and enhance transmission system capacity and stability. The document outlines different types of FACTS controllers including series compensation and shunt compensation. It also classifies power system stability into rotor angle stability, voltage stability, and frequency stability and discusses factors that can lead to losses of each type of stability.
WIND POWER GENERATION SCHEMES are Constant speed - Constant frequency systems (CSCF)
Variable speed - Constant frequency systems (VSCF)
Variable speed - Variable frequency systems (VSVF)
1) Streamer theory was proposed in 1940 by Rather, Meek and Loeb to explain phenomena not accounted for by Townsend's theory of gas breakdown, such as dependence on gas pressure and geometry.
2) Streamer theory describes how a single avalanche can develop into a spark discharge through distortion of the electric field by space charge, generating further avalanches cumulatively at the avalanche head.
3) Positive ions are left behind the rapidly advancing avalanche head, enhancing the field in front and reducing it behind, while the field is also enhanced between the tail and cathode. This leads to further space charge increase and field enhancement around the anode, forming a streamer connecting anode to cathode.
By Mr. Irish Pereira The current and expected usage of redox flow batteries across the World.
Includes usage of redox batteries in power generation sectors, including market trends.
This document summarizes a seminar on single phase converters. It discusses different types of single phase converters including half wave and full wave rectifiers as well as controlled rectifiers using thyristors. It provides equations for calculating the average output voltage and current for resistive and resistive-inductive loads. The operation and triggering of thyristors in a single phase converter is explained. Graphs of input voltage and output voltage and current are shown. The effect of an output inductor and finite commutation interval are also discussed.
The document discusses electric drives and their components. It describes:
- Power modulators regulate power from the source to the motor. The control unit controls the power modulator and protects the drive. Sensing units measure parameters like motor current and speed.
- Drives have advantages like wide speed/torque ranges and flexible control. Disadvantages include high initial cost and vulnerability to power failures.
- Drives are classified as group, individual, or multi-motor depending on how many motors are used.
- Dynamics of the motor-load combination are described by the torque equation relating motor torque, load torque, and dynamic torque.
- Steady state stability depends on motor torque exceeding load torque
This presentation was presented to Dr. Chongru Liu in North China Electric Power University,Beijing,China by Mr. Aazim Rasool. This presentation will help to understand the control of HVDC system. Animations are not working like ppt. so I apologize on this.
The document provides an overview of the 33/11kV Phidim substation located in Phidim, Panchthar district, Nepal. It was established in 2058 BS by Nepal Electricity Authority. The substation steps down electricity from the national 33kV grid to 11kV to supply power to local areas. It is responsible for controlling energy exchange, load shedding, fault analysis and improving the transmission system. The substation layout, single line diagram, and organizational structure are presented. Key equipment used includes transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, lightning arrestors, and insulators.
The document discusses current-fed inverters that use a constant current source input. It describes two operation modes for inverters - load-commutated and force-commutated, which depend on the thyristor firing angle. Load-commutated mode requires leading power factor load, while force-commutated mode requires lagging VAR load. Self-commutated devices like GTOs allow direct control of the six-step waveform without needing load commutation. However, their use can potentially cause resonance issues between motor inductance and capacitor networks unless PWM is carefully implemented.
1. HVDC transmission systems use direct current for electricity transmission over long distances or through underwater cables. This became practical with the development of thyristors and solid state valves.
2. DC transmission has advantages over AC transmission for long distance transmission, as power transfer in DC lines is unaffected by distance. It also allows asynchronous interconnection between grids and monopolar operation.
3. While DC transmission has higher upfront equipment costs, it has better technical performance than AC transmission for long distance or underwater cables, making it economical beyond the break-even distance.
The document discusses induction generators, including their principle of operation, reactive power requirements, and applications. An induction generator operates when its rotor spins faster than synchronous speed, inducing currents to flow and generating power. It requires an external power source to produce a rotating magnetic field, such as a capacitor bank. Induction generators have advantages of being mechanically simple and rugged compared to other generator types. Their main applications are in wind turbines and dynamic braking systems due to their ability to operate over a range of speeds.
Sphere gaps can be used to measure high voltages up to 2500 kV. They work by measuring the sparkover voltage between two conductive spheres. The standard diameters for the spheres are between 6.25 cm to 200 cm. Various factors like humidity, temperature, and pressure can influence the sparkover voltage. Sphere gaps are accurate to within 3% for measurements if the spacing between the spheres is less than half the sphere diameter.
What is islanding ?
Consider the power network as shown in fig.1
Now if we disconnect the line AB from the infinite transmission grid there will be an isolated region . The D1, D2 are power sources (eg : inverter , solar power cells ). The power generated in this region is fed to the island only.
We see that there no longer is any control over the island voltage at the bus X . Also there is no mechanism here for control of frequency.
This state is referred to as islanding.
The document discusses multi-terminal DC (MTDC) systems. MTDC systems are used when there are multiple terminals in an HVDC transmission system. There are two main types of MTDC configurations: series and parallel. Series MTDC connects terminals in series, while parallel MTDC allows terminals to adjust currents independently and keep voltages constant. Radial and mesh are examples of parallel MTDC network topologies. MTDC systems provide benefits over multiple two-terminal HVDC links such as reduced costs and losses as well as increased transmission capacity and flexibility.
180degree conduction mode of 3 phase inverterdineshanand810
This document discusses the 180 degree conduction mode of a 3 phase inverter. It operates by having three transistors conducting at a time over three modes as the phase shifts 60 degrees each time. Tables and equations are provided showing the transistors conducting, equivalent resistances, phase voltages and currents for each of the three operating modes.
The document describes the design and applications of different types of turbines. It provides an overview of the history and development of turbines, including early steam turbines invented by de Laval and Parsons. It then classifies turbines into categories such as hydraulic, steam, gas, and wind turbines. For each type, it discusses the basic theory of operation, examples, and efficiency. Hydraulic turbines are further divided into reaction and impulse types with examples like the Francis, Kaplan, and Pelton turbines. The document aims to inform about the different designs and uses of turbines.
Bangladesh Power Stations & Power Plants OverviewRidwanul Hoque
It is a presentation about Bangladesh power stations and power plants such as: Energypac Engineering Ltd, DESCO,Dockyard & Engineering Works LTD ,RPCL, APSCL.
On Power Plant Operation cource In Urdu by Khalid ayaz Soomro.pdfKhalidAyaz3
This document provides an overview of power plant operations in Urdu. It discusses basics of power generation including different types of power plants like thermal, hydel, and non-conventional. It also describes gas turbine preparation checks before starting, gas turbine starting procedures for GE and Siemens turbines, steam turbines, and the importance of DC supply in power stations. Key components of DC supply systems like rectifiers and battery banks are also outlined.
IRJET - IC Engine Waste Heat Recovery SystemsIRJET Journal
The document discusses waste heat recovery systems for internal combustion engines. It describes two main methods - the organic Rankine cycle and thermoelectric generators. The organic Rankine cycle uses a heat exchanger, turbine, condenser and pump to convert waste heat from exhaust gases into useful work. Thermoelectric generators use the Seebeck effect to directly convert a temperature difference into electricity. Both methods can potentially improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions by capturing some of the waste heat from engines that would otherwise be lost.
The document describes Moiz Akhter's internship at the Bin Qasim Power Station-1 of K-Electric Limited over 18 days. It provides an overview of the power plant's operations and equipment, and details Moiz's activities and learnings in different departments each day, including orientation, visiting control rooms and workshops, learning about the thermal cycles and transformers used. The report concludes with Moiz thanking those at K-Electric who supported and guided him during the internship experience.
This document provides information about several power companies and plants in Bangladesh:
1) APSCL is a public limited company that operates a natural gas power plant in Ashuganj with a total installed capacity of 1876 MW and present capacity of 1627 MW. It uses steam turbine, gas turbine, and combined cycle power generation methods.
2) RPCL operates a 150 MW dual fuel power plant in Kodda that can run on both natural gas and furnace oil. It has 9 diesel engines that each produce 17.4 MW of power.
3) Energypac is a leading power engineering company in Bangladesh that manufactures transformers, circuit breakers, and other substation equipment. It produces cast resin
IRJET- IC Engine Waste Heat Recovery SystemsIRJET Journal
The document summarizes various waste heat recovery systems for internal combustion engines. It discusses organic Rankine cycle systems and thermoelectric generator systems for recovering heat from engine exhaust gases. Organic Rankine cycle systems use a turbine to convert the thermal energy of exhaust gases into electricity via a Rankine cycle. Thermoelectric generators use the Seebeck effect to directly convert a temperature difference into electricity. The document analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these waste heat recovery technologies and their potential to improve engine efficiency and reduce emissions.
Vetrivel Veeran Mariyappan has over 10 years of experience as a power plant operation engineer and field operation engineer in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. He has expertise in commissioning and operating heat recovery steam boilers, gas turbines, steam turbines, and balance of plant equipment. Some of his responsibilities include ensuring safe and reliable plant operations, developing and implementing operational efficiency techniques, and maintaining daily operation logs. He is proficient in control systems including DCS and has experience operating various power generation equipment up to 1500MW combined cycle plants.
PPTs covers portion of Unit 2 of Power Plant Engineering of Subject code ME6701.
PPTs covers Diesel Power Generation Plants, components, working principles of various system, advantages and disadvantagesand Comparision of various factors w.r.to Steam power Palnt, Diesel Plant, Nuclear, Hydraulic Power Plants.
Gas turbines, its cycle, working principles.
Combined Cycle Power plants.
Discussion on Brayton cycle, improvisions factors affecting effiencies.
Said El-Sayed Saad Ali has over 12 years of experience as a mechanical maintenance engineer and supervisor in oil and gas facilities, primarily in LNG plants. He holds a BSc in power mechanical engineering and is currently the mechanical maintenance supervisor at an LNG plant in Angola, where he oversees maintenance of equipment like gas turbines, pumps, fans, and compressors.
The document provides information about the NTPC Dadri power plant located in Uttar Pradesh, India. It has a coal-fired thermal power plant with a capacity of 1820 MW as well as a gas-fired plant of 817 MW and a 5 MW solar plant, totaling 2642 MW. The power plant uses a steam turbine generator process to convert the heat energy from coal combustion into electrical energy. It also discusses the various units involved in this process like the boiler, turbine, alternator, condenser, and cooling towers. The control and instrumentation department works to monitor and control parameters across the plant to ensure safe and efficient operations.
This document provides an overview of a practical training seminar presented to the CompuCom Institute of Information Technology & Management Jaipur on NTPC Kahalgaon power station. It discusses the history and setup of NTPC as India's largest power company. The summary describes the three step process of generating electricity through: 1) converting coal to steam, 2) using steam to power turbines for mechanical energy, and 3) generating electricity through power stations and distributing it via transmission lines. Key electrical equipment at the power station like alternators and transformers are also outlined.
Mpc implementation for cdu (2002 nprc gcc)Yang Lee
This document summarizes the implementation of a multivariable controller for a crude unit at a Nippon Petroleum refinery in Marifu, Japan. The controller was implemented by Honeywell using their Profit controller software. The crude unit processes different crude types in different operating modes. A nonlinear model was used to develop 15 inferential measurements of product properties to use as inputs to the Profit controller. Two separate controllers were implemented, one for the crude unit section and one for the associated gas plant, for improved operation and maintenance. Initial results showed good control of product properties during normal operation and crude switches.
The document provides a summary of Ernst de Villiers' training at Eskom over a 6-month period from July 2014 to January 2015. It describes the various departments visited, including Control Plant Maintenance (CPM) covering DC, telecontrol, and protection systems, as well as Network Engineering Design. Specific training content for each department is outlined, with examples of battery testing and commissioning procedures, recloser maintenance, protection relay testing, and preliminary design work for the Khotana electrification project.
The document provides information about gas turbine power plants including:
- The basic working principle of a gas turbine power plant which uses a gas turbine coupled to a compressor and combustion chamber.
- Gas turbines operate on the Brayton cycle, which involves compressing air, adding heat through combustion, expanding the gas, and rejecting heat.
- Key advantages of gas turbines include greater power density, high reliability, and less maintenance compared to steam turbines. Disadvantages include lower efficiency and higher noise levels.
- Major applications are aircraft propulsion and electric power generation. Numerical examples are provided to calculate the performance of ideal and actual Brayton cycles.
This document provides a summary of a student's 6-week summer training report at the Panipat Thermal Power Station (PTPS) in India. It discusses the key components and processes at the power plant, including the boiler, turbine, generator, condenser, cooling tower, electrostatic precipitator, ash handling plant, and switchyard. The document also provides an overview of the three main inputs to the power station - water, fuel, and coal - and explains how coal is converted to steam, steam is converted to mechanical power via the turbine, and electricity is generated and transmitted from the power plant.
The document discusses a waste water treatment plant that installed a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) and Steam Turbine Generator to increase efficiency and reduce costs. Utility Plant Solutions provided start-up, commissioning, and operation services during the project. They have since taken over plant operations and maintenance. The document also announces that Utility Plant Solutions is now an authorized distributor for Gem Steam Traps and VAF Filtration Systems.
Cogeneration CHP Combined Heat & Power Power PlantKESHAV
Cogeneration
Generation Of Electricity
Cogeneration
Need For Cogeneration
Conventional Generation Vs
Cogeneration Cycle
Types Of Co generation Systems
Classification Of Cogeneration Systems
Important Technical Parameters For Cogeneration
Prime Movers For Cogeneration
How Cogeneration Saves Energy?
Benefits Of Cogeneration
Typical Cogeneration Applications
Efficiencies Of Generation Cycles
I have completed my summer training at BHEL power plant at Bawana. This plant is overhanded by BHEL northern region,It is design to produce the 1500 MW electricity for supply to the DELHI and DELHI -NCR.. plant is combined cycle gas power plant that is integrated to the heat power plant that is work on the Rankine cycle. i have train under experienced senior engineers.✌
S. Edwin is applying for the position of Electrical Technician. He has over 20 years of experience in electrical maintenance and commissioning in oil refineries and power plants in India and Kuwait. He holds a diploma in electrical engineering and has extensive training in safety, electrical systems, and maintenance. His responsibilities have included maintenance, troubleshooting, commissioning, and overseeing maintenance personnel.
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1. 1
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
Any use of this material without specific permission of Egbin Power Plc is strictly prohibited
Tuesday, June 7, 2022
Onalaja Oloruntimilehin
Internship Experience
at eGBIN Power Station
2. 2
About me.
My Name is ONALAJA OLORUNTIMILEHIN
OGOOLUWA, A student of Olabisi
Onabanjo University, Ibogun,
studying Electrical/Electronics
Engineering.
3. 3
Content
• About Egbin Power Plant
• Egbin power generation process
• Department Visited & Lesson learnt
• Conclusion.
4. 4
• largest thermal power generating station
in Nigeria and Sub Saharan Africa and
uses steam turbine to generate
electricity.
• It is located in the city of Lagos, and is
situated on low land in Ijede and started
1985.
• The company contributes over 16% of
the total electricity generated to the
Nigerian National Grid.
• It has provision of one gas turbine
(24MW) and one emergency diesel
generator (1.5MW) for black start.
Egbin Power Plc
EGBIN THERMAL POWER PLANT
5. 5
PROCESS OF HOW COMPANY GENERATE
INCOME
02 03 04
01 05
GENERATION
It produces 16KV
which is then stepped
up to 330KV.
DISTRIBUTION
Electricity is carried
from the transmission
system (33/11 KV).
MONITIZATION
The electricity is connected to the
end user meter and the user pays
for electricity being used which
generate money to the company.
END USER
Commercial, industrial and
residential customers are
connected to the secondary
distribution lines through
service drops (415V,240V).
TRANSMISSION
It transmit 330KV distance to a
sub station (330/132KV or
33KV). Egbin power plant uses
Transmisson Company of Nigeria
(TCN).
6. 6
• Egbin Power station is a 1320MW
capacity steam turbine station
comprising of 6 steam turbine units and
generator each of 220MW installed
capacity.
• The steam turbine is housed in a single
support structure and enclosure.
• The units are capable of full load
operation on both natural gas and heavy
pour fuel oil (HPFO).
• The power plant is a combination of
systems and subsystems which are
composed of many
equipment/components for the
generation of Power.
7. 7
PLANT OPERATION OVERVIEW
The key elements of
electricity generation are:
• Relative Motion
• Electric Field
• Conductor
The generation process in Egbin Power Plc
spans across the following stages:
• Water Production and Treatment Process
• Demineralization Process
• Steam Generation Process (Boiler)
• Steam Work Process (Turbine & Generator)
STAGES IN ELECTRICITY GENERATION
8. 8
Chemical Energy • From Nigeria Gas
Company
Heat
Energy
• By combustion in the Boiler Furnace
Mechanical
Energy • By the Turbine
Electrical
Energy
• By the Generator
PROCESS OF HOW ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED
15. 15
STEAM TURBINE
A prime mover is an engine that converts fuel to useful
work.
A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts
thermal energy from pressurized steam, converts it into a
rotary motion.
The energy is transferred from the boiler to the turbine
through high pressure steam that in turn powers the turbine
and generator.
Initial Steam Pressure: 12.5MPa
16. 16
GENERATOR
This is an electro-mechanical device which
converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy. The Synchronous generator consists of
static stator (Armature windings) and a rotating
rotor (field windings).
The rotor of the generator is directly coupled
with the shaft of the turbine so they both turn at
3000rpm
17. 17
EXCITATION
The generator employs single excitation. This means the field windings are energized by DC
supply mainly 440V gotten from the operation of the thyristor stacks and Silicon Controlled
Rectifier (SCR) and 110V from battery bank for field flashing.
18. 18
SYNCHRONIZATION
Five conditions must be met for two generators to be
synchronized :-
1. The number of phases must be the same.
2.The direction of rotation must be the same.
4.The frequencies must be closely matched.
3.The voltage amplitudes must be closely matched.
5.The phase angle’s must be closely matched.
21. 21
21
Health, Safety and Environment.
• The safety of human lives and the
surrounding is taken very
seriously in Egbin, so HSE was
the very first section I went
through.
• There I learnt some basic things as
regarding;
Personal Protective Equipments
Toolbox form
Work permit
22. 22
22
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT
OIL PURIFIER AND OIL VACUUM PUMP
Figure 46. Oil Purifier.
For this Job, we did a routine
check and maintenance on oil
purifier and vacuum pump by
checking their motors and
investigation of fault and
abnormality. Also, checking of the
oil and refilling of the oil.
23. 23
23
I AND C
REPLACEMENT OF PNEUMATIC
ACTUATOR GAS VALVE
I worked with the instrumentation and control
engineer team to replace a pneumatic actuator 5-
FCV-105, we replaced the gas valve and installed
its auxiliaries (positioner, air filter, booster relay,
air regulator and lock up valve).
I was given the opportunity to calibrate it using a
mA calibrator of 4 – 20 MA.
24. 24
24
SUPER HEATER SPRAY CONTROL VALVE
I worked with the instrumentation and
control engineer team in the inspection
and maintenance on the super heater
spray control valve, replacement of is air
filter and calibration of its positioner using
4 – 20mA calibrator.
25. 25
25
REPLACEMENT OF EP TRANSDUCER
I worked with the instrumentation and
control engineer team to inspect and
replace the electropneumatic transducer
for the boiler feed pump which pumps
water to the boiler and also calibration
of the transducer using 4mA – 20mA
calibrator for Boiler Feed Pump.
26. 26
26
I worked with the instrumentation and
control engineer team on the service air
pressure low alarm for autostart
pressure switch and calibrated it using
oil pressure pump for PSH-2338 for
unit 1 during inspection.
SERVICE OF AIR PRESSURE ALARM
27. 27
27
Reheat spray control valve is an
important accessory in Egbin Power
Plc which help to regulate the
temperature of the reheater.
The reheat spray flow control valve
had a ruptured diaphragm.
A new control valve had to be
installed.
OLD FLOW CONTROL VALVE NEW FLOW CONTROL VALVE
REPLACEMENT OF REHEAT SPRAY CONTROL VALVE
28. 28
28
ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
In Egbin, there are 72 carbon brushes
being used.
The Carbon brush maintenance is
carried out daily and during the
routine check.
The length and temperature of the
carbon brushes are recorded, as well
as the temperature of the slip-rings.
29. 29
FILTERATION BREAKER
REPLACEMENT
For this job, I joined the engineer to
work on the oil filtration breaker
replacement which is 3 phase, 415V
and 250A. The oil filtration breaker is
used for filtering the transformer oil.
30. 30
11KV SUBSTATION ALKALINE BATTERY
For this job, we did a routine check on 11kV
substation alkaline batteries and I refilled it with
distilled water. This batteries are used to open or
close 11kVcircuit breakers for housing colony,
watering well, black-start transformer, and gas
turbine generator.
31. 31
TRANSFORMER AND GANTRY TEMPERATURE CHECK
I did routine checks with the electrical
engineers on six generator transformer
16/330kV, six unit service transformer
16/6.6kV, three station transformer
132/11kV and 33/11kV, one black-start
transformer 11/6.6kV.
Thermal Imaging Camera.
32. 32
TRANSFORMER MAINTENANCE
I did maintenance with the electrical
engineer team on 11/415kV
transformer. There was oil leakage in
the transformer.
33. 33
HYDROGEN PLANT ROUTINE
For this job, we did routine check on hydrogen
plant rectifier and electrolyzers. The rectifier
converts alternating currents (A.C) to direct
current (D.C). In this routine check I took the
bearing temperature of the compressor motor
condensate, tank motor and lye recirculation
pump.
Checking the compressor motor temperature in hydrogen plant.
34. 34
UPS ROUTINE FOR 110V AND 240V BATTERY
For this job, we check the batteries, battery current, battery
fault, the battery charger (Input voltage, input current, output
voltage, output current, fuse blowout, charger high voltage,
charger low voltage, AC source, float, equalizer, AC failure and
circuit breaker trip) for both 110V and 240V batteries for each
unit.
36. 36
Simulink is a MATLAB-based graphical programming environment for modeling, simulating and
analyzing multidomain dynamical systems. Its primary interface is a graphical block diagramming
tool and a customizable set of block libraries. It offers tight integration with the rest of the
MATLAB environment and can either drive MATLAB or be scripted from it. Simulink is widely
used in automatic control and digital signal processing for multidomain simulation and model-based
design.
MATLAB SIMULINK
37. 37
MATLAB SIMULINK
Simulated a control system Focus and PID on MTLAB Simulink (parameter used includes: step,
transfer function, sum, integrator, gain, saturation, mux, and scope).
38. 38
Simulated on a system using multiport switch with 3 data port to generate a signal
(Parameter used includes: constant, sine wave, switch, mux and scope).
40. 40
CONCLUSION
Egbin has an installed capacity of 1320MW shared among 6 units each producing 220MW.
And on a daily we work towards achieving maximum capacity by carrying out preventive
and corrective maintenance.
FLUE GAS, WATER IN TUBE BOILER. IGNITER, BURNER, AUXILIARY STEAM, STACK,
Type: TFLQQ – KD Hydrogen Cooled , Rated Capacity: 220MW , Power factor: 0.9, Rated voltage: 16kV, Coolant: Hydrogen, Pole: 2, Frequency: 50HZ
The generator’s rotor and stator are hydrogen cooled and sealed with oil to avoid leakage.
Exciting current is supplied to the field winding through the collector rings. The main brush conducts current from the moving slip rings of the generator to the output lines.
The number of phases in the generator must equal the number of phases of the bus it is synchronizing to.
•This should only be a consideration when initially installing a generator.
The electrical rotationof the generatorbeing brought on line must match the electrical rotation of the busit is synchronizing to.
Voltage amplitudes of the unit coming on line should be slightly higherthan the bus voltage so that the unit will be feeding out power when it ties on.
The frequenciesof the on coming unit and bus must be matched. In some cases, the on-coming unit may have a slightly fasterfrequency in order for the oncoming generator to immediately start producing power.
The phase angleof the generator and bus must be matched.
Zero hare, Sustainability, Sustainability, Zero harm
I Pledge to ensure the safety of everyone and the protection of our environment at all time.
These brushes are divided into two for the two slip rings in each; 36 brushes for the positive side, while the other 36 brushes are for the negative side of the unit generator exciter cubicle.
The Carbon brush maintenance is carried out daily and during the routine, the length and temperature of the carbon brushes are recorded, as well as the temperature of the slip-rings. The carbon brush wears at about 10-15mm per 1000hr at a current density of 6-8A/cm2. When the length of the carbon brush is below 54mm, a new carbon brush is set to replace it. The maintenance is carried out by a team of at least 3 people. The first person is designed to pull out the brushes and also return them after being cleaned and also recorded. The second person ensures that the brushes are cleaned with a clean cloth. The third
person is in charge of the temperature measurement and also, the lengths of the brushes.
BRUSH
BRUSH HOLDER
We also used service air to clean the compartment of the carbon brush in the excitation cubicle.
The instruments and materials necessary for this maintenance includes: Fluke IR thermometer (measures temperature of carbon), Vernier Calliper (measures the length of the carbon), Screwdriver (for replacement of short carbon), Clean clothes (for cleaning of soot deposited on the carbon brush), nose mask (protection from the inhaling of soot particles), hand gloves (the carbon brushes are usually hot), eye google.
The Transformer oil is an essential part of the high-power transformer because it serves as a means of insulation to the coil and also to prevent explosion from occurring inside the transformer.
We checked for the transformer bushing for the red, yellow and blue phase, the tank temperature (up and down), the transformer load, check the colour of silica gel in the breather, oil level, oil temperature, winding temperature, the cooling fans working conditions, abnormal noise, vibrations, and gantry check using the thermal imaging camera, also did gantry check on transmission line.
Before we could work on the transformer we have to open the circuit breaker and isolate the transformer from the sub station. We also off the Ring Main Unit (RMU) of the transformer for safety purpose. We used our protective equipment and started working on the transformer, we drained the oil from the transformer tank and tightened the tank bolt, we also replaced the bushing gasket and tightened the bushing for the 3 phase (red, yellow, and green phase).
The electrolyzer is a system that uses electricity to break water into hydrogen and oxygen in a process called electrolysis. Through electrolysis, the electrolyzer system creates hydrogen gas. The entire system also contains pumps, vents, storage tanks, a power supply, separator and other component.
For the AVR panel (25KVA) we check the AC input voltage, AC output voltage nd AC output current.
For the AVR panel (25kVA) we checked the AC output voltage and AC output current. The line regulator checks includes input voltage, input current, AC source and line regulation operation. We also check the battery current.
We also check for static switch output voltage, output current, output frequency if we are using the battery for field flashing for excitation and the 240V in powering some motors.