Oil spill (Causes, Control and Prevention)Nitish Prasad
Presentation on Oil Spill presented during my 8th Semester at Department of Petroleum Engineering, Dibrugarh University Institute of Engineering and Technology.
Introduction, hydrocarbon, source of oil pollution,fate of oil on the surface water of the ocean, impact of oil on marine ecosystem, removal technique of oil from the surface water of the ocean, conclusion.
Oil spill (Causes, Control and Prevention)Nitish Prasad
Presentation on Oil Spill presented during my 8th Semester at Department of Petroleum Engineering, Dibrugarh University Institute of Engineering and Technology.
Introduction, hydrocarbon, source of oil pollution,fate of oil on the surface water of the ocean, impact of oil on marine ecosystem, removal technique of oil from the surface water of the ocean, conclusion.
presentation was provided by Prof W.U Chandrasekara
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management
For Coastal and Marine resource management course
This presentation is created and presented in order to term presentation of ENV719 Water Quality Management Class of Hacettepe University, Dept. of Environmental Engineering.
Presenter - Berk Duruturk
Oil is a necessity in the industrial society and a major element of our lifestyle. In fact, production and consumption of oil and petroleum products are increasing, and the risk of oil pollution is increasing accordingly.
It consists of introduction to hydrocarbons, types of hydrocarbons causing pollution, Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, effects of hydrocarbon pollutants, mitigation measures including bioremediation
Crude oil degradation by microorganismsrajani prabhu
importance of microorganism in bioremediation of crude oil contaminated sites. Mechanism of degradation of crude oil,methods used,Examples of organisms.
presentation was provided by Prof W.U Chandrasekara
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management
For Coastal and Marine resource management course
This presentation is created and presented in order to term presentation of ENV719 Water Quality Management Class of Hacettepe University, Dept. of Environmental Engineering.
Presenter - Berk Duruturk
Oil is a necessity in the industrial society and a major element of our lifestyle. In fact, production and consumption of oil and petroleum products are increasing, and the risk of oil pollution is increasing accordingly.
It consists of introduction to hydrocarbons, types of hydrocarbons causing pollution, Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, effects of hydrocarbon pollutants, mitigation measures including bioremediation
Crude oil degradation by microorganismsrajani prabhu
importance of microorganism in bioremediation of crude oil contaminated sites. Mechanism of degradation of crude oil,methods used,Examples of organisms.
The .ppt provides slides representing :
1. How Marine pollution changed the beauty of world.
\n
2. Causes & Effects of :
a.Toxic Ocean Pollutants.
b.Marine Garbage.
c.Sewage Disposal in Ocean.
d.Non-Point Pollutants.
3.Origin.
4.Conventions to prevent it.
5.Various prevention measures:
a.Green infrastructure approach.
b.Septic tank.
c.Dissolved air flotation.
d.Urban runoff.
6.Conclusion.
Regards to all.
A slideshow presentation about oil spills and how they impact the environment. For a school project done by:
Paul Miranda
Melissa Quiterio
Manuel Herrera
Oil or Crude oil is the remains of antiquated plants and animals, compressed profound within the soil into fluid strings of hydrogen and carbon.
Ancient Greeks gave it the title petroleum, from the Greek "petra" meaning rock, and "oleum" meaning oil. crude oil and petroleum fossil fuels because they are mixtures of hydrocarbons that formed from the remains of animals and plants (diatoms) that lived millions of years ago in a marine environment before the existence of dinosaurs
Over millions of years, the remains of these animals and plants were covered by layers of sand, silt, and rock. Heat and pressure from these layers turned the remains into.
Oil is an ancient fossil fuel that we use to heat our homes, generate electricity, and power large sectors of our economy. But
when oil accidentally spills into the ocean, it can cause big problems. Oil spills can harm sea creatures, ruin a day at the beach, and make seafood unsafe to eat. It takes sound science to clean up the oil, measure the impacts of pollution, and help the ocean recover.
Inhalation of vapor, touching oil slicks and consuming contaminated sea food
Exposure may cause neurological, acute toxic effects, ocular (eye) and also problems of respiratory system.
People living in effected areas showed nausea, throat infections, nose and eye irritations etc along with migraines and headaches.
Ingestion of oil produces in sea food is
dangerous as oil products having
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAH). These are human carcinogens.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
1. OIL POLLUTION
Submitted To :
Dr. D. T. Vaghela Sir
Asst. Prof.
College of Fisheries Veraval
Submitted By :
Mr. H. M. Chudasama
J3-00106-2009
2. CONTENT
Introduction
Crude oil & It’s fraction
Sources of oil pollution
Treatment of oil spill at sea beach cleaning
Toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons
Ecological impact of oil pollution
Case study
Reference
3. INTRODUCTION
Oil spills are the harmful release of oil into the
environment, usually in the water, sometimes killing
area flora and fauna. Oil is the most common
pollutant in the oceans.
Ships cause about a third of the oil pollution in the
oceans when they wash out their tanks or dump
their bilge water.
The major spills of crude oil and its products in the
sea occur during their transport by oil tankers,
loading and unloading operations, blowouts, etc.
4. Oil spills are very difficult to clean up. Oil spills can
be controlled by chemical dispersion, combustion,
mechanical containment and adsorption. Spills may
take weeks, months or even years to clean up.
Oil spills can be partially controlled by chemical
dispersion, combustion, mechanical containment
and adsorption. They have destructive effects on
coastal ecosystems.
5.
6. CRUDE OIL & IT’S FRACTION
crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid
consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of
various molecular weights and other liquid organic
compounds, that are found in geologic formations
beneath the Earth's surface.
A fossil fuel, it is formed when large quantities of
dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae,
are buried underneath sedimentary rock and
undergo intense heat and pressure.
7. The use of fossil fuels such as petroleum can have
a negative impact on Earth's biosphere, releasing
pollutants and greenhouse gases into the air and
damaging ecosystems through events such as oil
spills. Concern over the depletion of the earth's
finite reserves of oil, and the effect this would have
on a society dependant on it, is a field known as
peak oil.
Oil spills at sea are generally much more damaging
than those on land, since they can spread for
hundreds of nautical miles in a thin oil slick which
can cover beaches with a thin coating of oil.
8. SOURCES OF OIL POLLUTION
Oil spills are an unfortunate byproduct of the human
way of life. A number of things cause oil spills,
ranging from carelessness to deliberate dumping.
Many people are familiar with tanker accidents,
since they are highly publicized and they release
large volumes of oil into the ocean. In fact, only a
small percentage of global oil spills are related to
tanker accidents such as explosions, hull failure,
running aground, and collisions.
9.
10.
11. CAUSES
There are a number of factors which can cause
Oil spills. It may happen
during the transport of oil across oceans. Oil
spills are hazardous to the
environment and can be dangerous or deadly to
affected people and animals.
12.
13. SPILLS CAN CAUSED BY :
People making mistakes or being careless.
Equipment breaking down.
Natural disasters such as hurricanes.
Deliberate acts by terrorists, countries at war.
14. SEA-BASED
Accidental oil spills from tankers; other commercial
vessels; grounded and abandoned vessels; oil
platforms (blowouts); pipelines.
Deliberate, operational discharges of oil from all
kinds of commercial vessels (ship- or cargo-related
discharges);oil platforms; pipelines.
Emissions of nmVOCs and PAHs from tankers and
pleasure craft, and from oil extraction.
Other ship-related activities (dry docking,
scrapping).
Other activities (dumping of oily waste, etc.)
15. LAND-BASED
Discharges of untreated or insufficiently treated
municipal sewage and storm water (urban runoff).
Discharges with rivers.
Discharges of untreated or insufficiently treated
waste water from coastal industries.
Accidental or operational discharges of oil from
coastal refineries, oil storage facilities, oil terminals,
and reception facilities.
Emissions of gaseous hydrocarbons from oil-
handling onshore facilities (terminals, refineries,
filling stations) and from vehicles exhaust (traffic).
16. TREATMENT OF OIL SPILLS AT SEA BEACH
CLEANING
Oil spills can occur when there is a problem with an
oil well, when a pipeline ruptures or leaks or when
there is a transportation accident. Since conditions
are different with each spill, different methods of
spill control may be used.
One method for dealing with oil spills that have
reached shore is to employ biological agents.
Fertilizers like phosphorus and nitrogen are spread
over the oil-slicked shoreline to foster the growth of
microorganisms, which break down the oil into
natural components like fatty acids and carbon
dioxide. Other forms of biological agents can also
be used in marine -- or open sea -- spills.
17.
18. Some of the tools used to control oil in a spill
include ‘booms’, which are floating barriers used
to clean oil from the surface of water and to prevent
slicks from spreading. A boom can be placed
around the tanker that is spilling oil. Booms collect
the oil off the water.
A boom may be placed somewhere before an oil
spill. They can also be placed around an entrance
to the ocean, like a stream. They also can be
placed around a habitat with many animals living
there. These booms absorb any oil that flows
around it.
19.
20. (b) Sometimes chemicals called dispersants are
used to break down oil and move it from the top of
the water. An airplane can be used to fly over the
water dropping chemicals into the ocean. The
chemicals can break down the oil into the ocean.
Moving the oil in this way keeps it from animals that
live at the surface of the water and allows it to
eventually be consumed by bacteria.
21. TOXICITY OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Toxicity from hydrocarbon ingestion can affect
many different organs, but the lungs are the most
commonly affected organ. The chemical properties
of the individual hydrocarbon determine the specific
toxicity, while the dose and route of ingestion affect
which organs are exposed to the toxicity.
Unlike the aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, the
halogenated hydrocarbons tend to cause a wider
range of toxicity.
22. ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF OIL POLLUTION
Spilled oil poses serious threats to fresh water and
marine environments, affecting surface resources and a
wide range of subsurface organisms that are linked in a
complex food chain that includes human food resources.
Spilled oil can harm the environment in several ways,
including the physical damages that directly impact
wildlife and their habitats (such as coating birds or
mammals with a layer of oil), and the toxicity of the oil
itself, which can poison exposed organisms.
The severity of an oil spill's impact depends on a variety
of factors, including the physical properties of the oil,
whether petroleum-based oils or non petroleum-based
oils, and the natural actions of the receiving waters on
the oil.
23.
24.
25.
26. SOME OF THE MAJOR GLOBAL MARINE OIL
SPILLS
(a) Argo Merchant - On December 15, 1976, the
Argo Merchant ran aground on Fishing Rip
(Nantucket Shoals), 29 nautical miles southeast of
Nantucket Island, Massachusetts in high winds and
ten foot seas. Later, the vessel broke apart and
spilled its entire cargo of 7.7 million gallons of fuel
oil.
(b) Amoco Cadiz - The Amoco Cadiz encountered
stormy weather and ran aground off the coast of
Brittany, France on March 16, 1978. Its entire cargo
of 68.7 million gallons of oil spilled into the sea.
27. (c) Burmah Agate - On November 1, 1979, the
Burmah Agate collided with the freighter Mimosa
southeast of Galveston Entrance in the Gulf of
Mexico, resulting explosion and a fire that affected
an estimated 2.6 million gallons of oil to release into
the environment, and another 7.8 million gallons to
consume by the fire.
(d) Ixtoc I - The 2-mile-deep exploratory well, Ixtoc
I, blew out on June 3, 1979 in the Bay of Campeche
off Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico. By the time the well
was brought under control in March, 1980, an
estimated 140 million gallons of oil had spilled into
the bay.