This document discusses bioremediation and biodegradation. It defines bioremediation as using microorganisms to remove or degrade toxic pollutants from the environment. Common microorganisms used include Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Arthrobacter. Biodegradation is the breakdown of a substance through biochemical reactions of microbes like bacteria. Examples of microbes that can aid in biodegradation depending on temperature include psychrophiles, mesophiles, and thermophiles. The document also discusses various approaches to bioremediation like in-situ, ex-situ, composting, and landfarming. Recently, genetically modified organisms have also been used to enhance biode

1. BIOTECHNOLOGYBIOREMEDIATIONANDBIODEGRADATION By,R.HARISH KUMARJAYA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCETHIRUNINRAVUR.

2. POLLUTION

3. Strategies for clean environmentbioremediationbiodegradation

4. Bioremediation Bioremediation is a process of removing or degrading the toxic pollutant from the environment by using microorganism .

5. commonly used micro organisms are,Pseudomonas,Flavobacterium,Arthrobacter, and Azotobacter Bioremediation focuses on different sources they are called as different names.plant------------- phytoremediationfungi------------- mycoremediationBiodegradationDegradation or Transformation of a substance into new compounds through biochemical reactions or the actions of microorganisms such as bacteria.BIODEGRADATION

6. Examples :Psychrophiles----- Arthrobactersp., Psychrobacter sp., PseudomonasMesophiles--------E-coli bacteria, Staphyloccusaureus,ProteusvulgarisThermophiles-----Thermusaquaticus ,Thermococcuslitoralis.

7. BIOREMEDIATIONIn-situEx-situiNTRINSICCOMPOSTINGengineeredLANDFaRMINGBIOREACTOR

8. RECENT APPROACHES IN BIOREMEDIATIONEarth worms can degrade heavy metalsBacteria from the deep:Brachybacterium spMn32

9. Nemesis for oil spillsOleophillic bacteria

10. GMOsGenetically modifiedorganism

11. GMOsGenetically modifiedorganismThe genetically engineered micro organism (GEMs)enhance the ability of degrading the contaminants. It is also said to be as a “bioaugmentation”

12. Construction of superbug

13. The bacterium Deinococcusradiodurans(the most radioresistant organism known) has been modified to consume and digest toluene and ionic mercury from highly radioactive nuclear waste.Strains of Deinococcusradiodurans