Oil spills prevention
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This document discusses the prevention of oil spills. It outlines the causes of oil spills such as sinking vessels, illegal dumping, and natural disasters. Major oil spills like the Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon are described. Prevention methods include double hulling vessels, crew training, and vessel tracking systems. Cleanup approaches involve mechanical collection, chemical dispersants, and natural materials like plants that absorb oil. The conclusion stresses reducing human error and containing spills using blowout preventers and absorbent materials.
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The document discusses oil spills, their causes and effects. It notes that oil spills pollute water and land, harming plants, animals and the environment. Major causes include human activities like oil transportation and extraction. Effects include damage to human health, marine life, industries like fishing and tourism. The document outlines methods to monitor and control oil spills, including booms, skimmers and sorbents to contain spilled oil, as well as preventing spills through practices like double hulling of vessels.
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The document provides information about oil spills, including what they are, their causes, effects, and cleanup methods. It defines an oil spill as the release of liquid petroleum into the environment, usually from human activity. Major oil spills discussed include the M/T Haven which spilled 42 million gallons in Italy in 1991, and the Nowruz Oil Field spill of 80 million gallons in the Persian Gulf in 1983 during the Iran-Iraq War. The effects of oil spills are described for local industries, human health, and marine ecosystems. Methods of cleaning up oil spills discussed include booms, burning, dispersants, and skimmers.
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Oil spills can occur from various sources including accidental spills, leaks, storm water runoff, and waste disposal. While offshore drilling contributes a small amount (2.1%) of oil in the ocean annually, transportation accidents contribute more (5.2%). When an oil spill occurs, the oil spreads on the surface and is moved by currents and wind, impacting open ocean, coastal, and shoreline areas. Oil that reaches shorelines can contaminate beaches, rocks, vegetation, and wildlife habitats both on land and at sea, causing damage to fisheries, wildlife, recreation, and long-term effects on shoreline areas. Truly preventing oil spills requires responsibility and care from individuals, governments, and industries
Ppt oil spill
An oil spill is the release of liquid petroleum into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity. It pollutes the environment and is difficult to clean up, sometimes taking weeks, months or years. Oil spills negatively impact local industries, human health, marine ecosystems, vegetation, beaches, and fragile marine environments. They affect tourism and fishing industries and can cause respiratory issues and health problems for humans. The impacts depend on factors like the area affected, weather and proximity to breeding areas. Oil can smother and poison animals and plants, damaging habitats and food chains. Cleanup methods include booming, burning, spreading chemicals, skimming, using sorbents, and manual labor. Some major oil spills were the
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Oil spills can occur from various sources including accidental spills, leaks, storm water runoff, and waste disposal. While offshore drilling contributes a small amount (2.1%) of oil in the ocean annually, transportation accidents contribute more (5.2%). When an oil spill occurs, the oil spreads on the surface and is moved by currents and wind, impacting open ocean, coastal, and shoreline areas. Oil that reaches shorelines can contaminate beaches, rocks, vegetation, and wildlife habitats both on land and at sea, causing damage to fisheries, wildlife, recreation, and long-term effects on shoreline areas. Truly preventing oil spills requires responsibility and care from individuals, governments, and industries
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An oil spill is the release of liquid petroleum into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity. It pollutes the environment and is difficult to clean up, sometimes taking weeks, months or years. Oil spills negatively impact local industries, human health, marine ecosystems, vegetation, beaches, and fragile marine environments. They affect tourism and fishing industries and can cause respiratory issues and health problems for humans. The impacts depend on factors like the area affected, weather and proximity to breeding areas. Oil can smother and poison animals and plants, damaging habitats and food chains. Cleanup methods include booming, burning, spreading chemicals, skimming, using sorbents, and manual labor. Some major oil spills were the
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3) Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to break down pollutants like oil, and is described as an effective, eco-friendly technique for combating oil pollution.
Oil Eraser
A new bio-based hydrophobic oleophilic foam that can absorb 80X its weight in petrochemicals. It soaks up oil and repels water. It's durable, reusable, and suitable for a variety of applications.
Oil spill
Oil spills pollute oceans and cause irreparable harm to biodiversity. They occur when oil is released into the environment, especially oceans, through activities like petroleum production, transportation by tankers, and well discharges. Major spills kill thousands of birds, sea turtles, and marine mammals by coating their bodies, contaminating habitats, and releasing toxic fumes. The largest spill was the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill, which released 134 million gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico over 87 days with severe environmental and economic impacts.
Oil Spills004.pptx
Oil spills occur from tankers, drilling rigs, and wells, releasing crude oil into oceans and coastal waters. They can seriously harm coastal ecosystems by poisoning birds and animals, and forming slicks that float on water and destroy habitats. Major causes include leaks from oil vessels, natural disasters, and illegal dumping. The largest oil spills include the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill of 4.9 million barrels in the Gulf of Mexico, and the 1979 Ixtoc I spill of 140 million gallons in the Gulf of Campeche. The 2020 Mauritius oil spill threatened that region's biodiversity when an grounded ship leaked hundreds of tons of oil, potentially bleaching coral reefs.
Tight shale
Tight oil, also called light tight oil, refers to oil trapped in low-porosity shale or siltstone formations located deep underground. Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are used to extract the tightly locked oil. These formations have very low permeability and porosity and require advanced drilling techniques. North American tight oil production has grown significantly since 2005 using these methods, contributing to reduced oil imports. Future global production from shale is estimated to remain high through 2050 as more regions develop their shale resources.
OIL SPILLS AFFECT ON MARINE ENVIRONMENT(A.C.E.T.NAGPUR)
The document summarizes a seminar presented by Fazil Ahemad Sheikh on the effects of oil spills in the marine environment. It discusses how oil spills occur from tankers, rigs, and other human activity. It then explains the effects on wildlife like poisoning up the food chain, lung and digestive damage, and loss of body weight. Effects on humans include various health issues and disturbances to economic and recreational activities. Finally, it outlines several cleanup procedures for oil spills like using booms, sorbents, in-situ burning, skimming, and applying hot water pressure to facilitate skimming and cleanup.
Offshore Response Systems In Reference Of Bioremediation Tech During Oil Spil...
1. The document discusses various offshore response systems and technologies for oil spill cleanup, including surveillance, mechanical containment and recovery, chemical dispersion, in-situ burning, and bioremediation.
2. Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to break down oil pollutants and is an environmentally friendly approach. Products like Ramsorb contain oil-eating bacteria to clean oil spills.
3. Effective oil spill response requires prevention strategies like leak detection and emergency shutdown systems, as well as response equipment and technologies to contain, recover, and treat oil using methods appropriate to the type and location of the spill.
Oil Spills
Oil spills occur when oil is accidentally released into the environment through human activity like transportation. Transporting large amounts of oil increases the risk of spills every day. Oil spills can take a long time to clean up and cause environmental damage. Studies show oil spills negatively impact marine life at low concentrations. Cleanup methods include booms, skimmers, sorbents, and controlled burning to reduce the amount of spilled oil. Preventing spills through methods like double hulling ships helps reduce the risk and severity of potential accidents.
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Determination of efficient recovery methods based on nature new....
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OIL SPILLS AFFECT ON MARINE ENVIRONMENT(A.C.E.T.NAGPUR)
OIL SPILLS AFFECT ON MARINE ENVIRONMENT(A.C.E.T.NAGPUR)
Offshore Response Systems In Reference Of Bioremediation Tech During Oil Spil...
Offshore Response Systems In Reference Of Bioremediation Tech During Oil Spil...
Oil spills prevention
- 1. Prevention Of OIL SPILLS
- 2. OUTLINE • Oil spill • Causes of oil spill • Effects of oil spill • Major Oil Spills • Various types of Preventions • Methodolgy • Conclusions • References
- 4. Causes of Oil Spills • Sinking or leakage of Oil carrying vessels or Oil pipelines • Illegal dumping by industries • Countries at war • Terrorist activities • Natural Disasters
- 5. Effects of Oil Spills • Effects entire marine life • Blocks entrance of oxygen in water • Fishes hatch with twisted spines and deformed hearts • Effects the food web when oil reaches sea bed • Natural recovery process may require upto 10 years
- 6. Major Oil Spills • Arabian Gulf Spills (1991) Location – Persian Gulf Cause – terminals and oil tankers destroyed Quantity of oil spilled – 6 to 8 million barrels • Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (1989) Location – Alaskan waters Cause – Ship wreckage Quantity of oil spills – 260,000 barrels • Gulf Oil Spill (2010) Location - Gulf of Mexico Cause - oil well below the gulf blew out Quantity – 260 million gallons
- 7. PREVENTIONS • Double-hulling - build double hulls into vessels, which reduces the risk and severity of a spill in case of a collision or grounding. Existing single- hull vessels can also be rebuilt to have a double hull. • Secondary containment - methods to prevent releases of oil or hydrocarbons into environment. • Blowout Preventer • Well castings
- 8. Making shipping safer • Ship crew must be well trained and experienced • Strict fire safety regulations apply on board • Individual tanks within ships should be limited in size so that spills are smaller • Vessel traffic control to be used in more congested areas to reduce the risk of collision
- 9. Keeping the navigator informed • Up to date information on changing weather conditions • Interpretation of radar and satellite image reports for sensitive coastal areas and inland water routes • Computer based video-display that allows navigators to track the ship course in relation to hazards and warns the navigator • Monitoring and control equipment on ships; discharged oil-water mixtures can be traced back to the ship that was carrying the oil
- 10. Methodology There are a number of methods which may apparently be used to deal with oil spills in seawater. Some options used for marine protection from oil pollution include: •Mechanical Collection •Chemical Dispersants •Naturally available materials
- 11. By mechanical collection • Setting fire to the oil spill: Frequently crude oil is set on fire in a wrecked ship when an accident occurs. The problem of burning surface oil is very difficult due to less thickness of the layer and large surface area. The volatile fraction evaporates quickly and makes it impossible to ignite without doping special measures. • Skimming: It can be performed by employing devices for collecting oil from a large area of water to make it a thicker layer in harbour sheltered places.
- 12. By Chemical Dispersants • Gelling: Spraying gelling agents with a certain amount of mixing energy into the oil spill causes formation of gel or coagulation. The resulting lumps can be collected easily in the vicinity of a wrecked ship. • Sinking: Mixing small fine granular solids of fairly high density (sand) culminates into slurry, sinking the oil spill to the bottom of the seabed. • Absorbing: Floating oil can be separated due to absorption applying chemicals.
- 13. By using naturally available materials CORCHORUS DEPRESSUS - This plant acts as a sinking material when used in the powder form for removal of oil from seawater by absorbing oil and settling to the bottom. ARACHIS HYPOGAEA - The solid pulp that remains after edible oil is extracted from it as a high protein live stock feed which enables it to absorb the oil spill from sea water which gets collected on the surface.
- 14. BENTONITE CLAY: It acts as a sinking material when added to oil spill polluted water sample ACTIVATED CARBON: This material causes the oil spill to form a gel or coagulate, however due to its chemical composition it may have negative side effects on marine health life environment
- 15. CONCLUSION • Most oil spills and most serious accidents are caused by human error, so this can be reduced if one takes extreme precautions and proper safety assessments • Focusing on many techniques such as Blowout preventer and well castings can contain the oil spill • Use of naturally available materials such as CORCHORUS DEPRESSUS, ARACHIS HYPOGAEA, BENTONITE CLAY & ACTIVATED CARBON helps containing the spill
- 16. REFERENCES • Oil Spill http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill • Major Oil Spills http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness- resources/stories/the-13-largest-oil-spills-in-history • Spill response – dispersants kill fish, journal Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Retrieved 2010-05-21. • Dr. Brian Dicks (1998), Paper presented at the International Seminar on Tanker Safety, Pollution Prevention, Spill Response and Compensation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil