2. • Oprah Winfrey, a renowned
American talk show host, once
said that successful
communication always begins
with connection.
• Just like a balancing and juggling
act that needs to adjust with
movements to keep everything
steady and controlled,
communication is also a process
where connection is maintained
through careful balancing and
juggling of all factors involved in
the communication process.
3. • Communication entails a delicate balancing
to sustain connection and transact
successfully.
• Each SPEECH STYLE - intimate, frozen,
consultative, casual or formal - or the way
language is used, will greatly depend on the
speakers’ relationship, purpose of the
conversation and the
• SPEECH CONTEXT - dyad, small group,
public, and mass communication - which, in
turn, will also determine what type of
utterance or speech act will be used.
4. •While communication is on-going,
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES such as
repair, topic shifting, restriction, topic
control, turn-taking, nomination and
termination, will be used to maintain the
connection to successfully impart the
message and achieve the purpose of
communication.
5. Factors affected by a shift in Speech Context, Speech Style,
Speech Act, and Communicative Strategy
6. Language Form
•This refers to the formality
or informality of the
language used and it involves
the choice of words and how
sentences or utterances are
structured.
7. Informal language, on the
other hand, is used without
much consideration to rules
of convention or etiquette. It
is casual and mostly not
well-thought-of or prepared
because it is used to
communicate with people
with whom you have close
association with like
parents, siblings and
friends.
Formal language is used
when talking with
professionals or persons in
authority in a formal, official
or ceremonial occasion,
situation, gathering or event.
Talking with a lawyer, a
doctor or even with your
teacher often creates a
formal ambiance in
communication.
Language Form
9. Relationship of
Speaker
• This refers to the speech style
used by the speaker suited to
his/her relationship to the
person with whom he/she is
communicating. Styles can be
classified as intimate, frozen,
consultative, casual or formal.
10. Intimate style – the speaker talks to
family members, best friends or
romantic partners. This may comprise
private conversations or personal
interactions.
Frozen – the speaker addresses an
audience in a formal gathering such as
ceremonial events, Eucharistic
celebrations or even court hearings.
The style is “set” or “fixed” and thus, it
rarely or never changes. Audience
feedback is not required.
Consultative – the speaker
communicates with a person whom
he/she may have to clarify things,
discuss a problem, or seek advice.
Relationship of Speaker
Casual – the speaker shares close and
personal information with friends,
classmates or colleagues. This
ordinarily occurs in everyday life.
Formal – the speaker has to deliver a
pre-planned or written speech to
address a crowd of people such as
giving opening remarks during a
seminar, or the president making a
public announcement or delivering
SONA.
12. The speaker may be a person who gives
information and additional knowledge to
another person or an audience, someone who
convinces others for a cause or an individual
who provokes laughter for diversion and fun.
Hence, his responsibility depends on his
purpose for communication which may be to
inform, to persuade, or to entertain
Role and Responsibility
of Speaker
14. Delivery
•This refers to the
manner of delivery
involving verbal and
nonverbal cues made by
the speaker. Delivery can
be classified as:
15. Extemporaneous – speaking with limited
preparation and guided by notes or outline;
Impromptu – speaking without advanced
preparation or unrehearsed speech;
Memorized – planned and rehearsed speech;
Manuscript – reading aloud a written
message.
Delivery
