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Lesson 7
- 1. XXX TYPES OF SPEECHESAND SPEECH STYLE
- 2. Motivation True or False ____________1.The intimate style of speech is used when talking to a loved one. ____________2. In a casual conversation, the use of technical jargon must be observed. ____________3. Casual speech style makes use of formal language. ____________4. When talking to a family member or a friend, the use of carefully chosen words is to be observed. ____________5. Group discussions like forum or panel discussion make use of the formal style of speech.
- 3. Learning Objectives • Distinguishthe different types of speech style. • Differentiate one style from the others. • Identify social situations in which each speech style can be used. • Portray and present an act requiring the use of the different types of speech and speech styles.
- 4. Casual Style. Consultative Style. FormalStyle. Intimate Style. Frozen Style.
- 5. Intimate Style. • Thistype of style is used among intimate members of the family or friends. • In this style, the speaker assumes that the listener knows more or less what is being talked about, that it need not use more words. • It is commonly understood that an intimate speech is one characterized by complete absence of social inhibitions. Talk with family, beloved ones, kin and relatives exemplify this speech style. Instances with closest of friends, in the neighbourhood or in school, where you tend to reveal you inner self, likewise involve an intimate style.
- 6. Casual Style. • Thistype is typically used in sharing personal conversations with family members and friends. This is a type of relaxed or normal conversation and makes use of colloquial words. • Casual style is characterized by the use of the first name or even nickname rather than a little name and last name in addressing one another. The pronunciation is rapid and often slurred, besides the use of slang. • Expressions like: “Anybody home”, “Car broke down”. “Got a match?”, “Need help?”, “Don’t get up!” are a highly diagnostic feature of the casual style. They will generally be interpreted as signalling informality. However, most speakers are not aware either of the phenomenon or of its significances. That is, they do not know what is about an utterance that gives them the impression of informality.
- 7. Consultative Style. • Thisstyle is less planned because the communication will depend on the responses or feedback of the people communicating. Since this style is spontaneous, the sentences used tend to be shorter as in phrases and the people tend to repeat some unnecessary words for confirmation. • The typical occurrence of consultative speech is between two persons. While one is speaking, at intervals the others give short responses, mostly drawn from a small inventory of standard signals.
- 8. Formal Style. • Formalstyle is defined as the style of language used for important or serious situation. Deliberative or formal style is also used in addressing audience, usually too large to permit effectively interchange between speakers and hearers, though the forms are normally not as polished as those in an oratorical style. • Formal style is usually a single topic oriented and it is related to the fact that formal writing is technical. Thus, most scholar or technical reports use this style. • The formal speech style refers to one-way participation (unidirectional) without any form of interruption. The kind of vocabulary used is technical with exact definitions. • Formal style may also be used in speaking to a single hearer. To do so, however, indicates that the speaker fells little mutually with the hearer. When used in a situation where casual is expected, it indicates trained relationship.
- 9. • The frozenstyle is the most formal style that is used in formal events or ceremonies. If formal style makes use of carefully chosen words, this style makes use of “very” carefully chosen words and words, phrases, or sentences that are fixed in form. It is also referred to as oratorical style. • Examples of the frozen speech style: biblical quotations, The Lord’s Prayer, anthems, national pledge, preambles, laws, poetry, marriage vows. Look at how the preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution is worded. This is a good example of frozen speech style. Frozen Style. Preamble We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and established a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
- 10. T H AN K S XXX C a r t o o n e d u c a t i o n a n d t e a c h i n g
Editor's Notes
- #4 Speech style is the way in which something is said, done, expressed, or performed, and it corresponds to specific speech contexts. The speech styles discussed in this module – intimate, casual, consultative, formal, and frozen.
- #6 1. In this style, there is no need for long sentences or to be watchful of one’s grammar because doing so will just bring distraction to the intimacy of this style. It entirely excludes public information. 2. In short, this style is so abbreviated and uses minimal verbal communication. For example, a husband and a wife are about to order food in a restaurant. The husband asks the wife, “What do you want?” The wife answers, “Fish.”Let us remember that the family is the basic unit of society, where members of the family intimately or privately communicate with each other. 3. This further entails words of endearment, such as kalbo (bald), da-ut (skinny), negra (dark/black skinned), pet names and nicknames (Ford instead of Cliford, Boy instead of Edwin, Odoy instead of Narciso, Nonoy instead of Henry) given to children by their parents. Conversations between husband and wife, boyfriend and girlfriend, a parent and his/her child usually embrace these signals of intimacy, such as darling, honey or hon, babe, ma or pa, dear, love, sweetie, cutie pie, and the like.
- #7 Casual style is also known as informal communication style. 1. Another informal communication activity can be illustrated in a casual conversation between friends or colleagues or sometimes members of a family. Also conversation among in-group friends and acquaintances uses casual speech styles. This is a prime indication of in-group relationship. It is used only with insiders, and only members of the group assume it to be known, for example, to teenagers or to some clique among adolescents. 2. Situations like sending messages through” text, e-mail, and Facebook; conversations among buddies, peers, friends and teammates vivify casual speech style.
- #8 This style is considered the most operations. 1. More so, the use of wrong diction is also committed in this style, being less planned. Group discussions make use of this style. Examples of the consultative speech style are: the conversational exchanges between a lawyer and his/her client, physician and his/her patient, teacher and his/her student, manager and a job applicant, seller-buyer conversation (business transaction), doctor-patient conversation, and so on. 2. There are basic parts of the system, essential to its operation. Among them are” “Yes,” or “No,” “Uhhuh,” “Mmm,” “Huh,” “That’s right,” “I think so.” A number of them are aberrant enough in phonology that they cannot be represented well in spelling. Consultative is the style most open to give and take of everyday conversation discussed so far.
- #9 Formal style makes use of careful and standard speech because this is the style, carefully chosen words, and technical vocabulary. Unlike consultative style, the formal style does not repeat unnecessary words because it is planned. 3. The language is set and the standard variety is used. A common format is employed. The setting is formal and the language used is one that expresses respect. The setting is also official and ceremonial. 1. In a typical university, classroom lecture is often carried out in a deliberative style. 2. Example of the formal style include research paper presentations, presiding in a business meetings or in court, oath-taking ceremonies, introduction between strangers, religious persons like priests and pastors delivering their sermons and homilies, panellists discussing a specific topic among themselves, and the like. 3. The example for this style is: “Those taking part should sit during the proceedings.” Conversely, when two close friends are involved in a formal discussion with other group members, for instance in a meeting, should use formal registers of language appropriate to the given context.
- #10 1. Examples of this style are statements used in parliamentary proceedings like, “I respectfully nominate Mr. Basit”, “Yes, your honor” and “The table is now open for the nomination of (position).” This is otherwise known as oratorical style, which is most formal and elegant. It is usually used in the situation which is celebrated with respect and legitimate or forma ceremonies. Traditionally, oratorical style has been used in public speaking before large audience. Wording is carefully planned in advance; intonation is somewhat exaggerated; and numerous rhetorical devices are appropriate. Examples of the frozen speech style: biblical quotations, The Lord’s Prayer, anthems, national pledge, preambles, laws, poetry, marriage vows. Look at how the preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution is worded. This is a good example of frozen speech style.