The document discusses objectification, particularly focusing on how women are treated as objects in society and advertising, leading to self-objectification and negative psychological effects. It highlights the societal and media influences contributing to body shame, depression, and other mental health issues among women. The text also emphasizes the importance of addressing these issues through education and supportive roles of parents and teachers.

1. OBJECTIFICATION
DR. C. BEULAH JAYARANI
M.Sc., M.A, M.Ed, M.Phil (Edn), M.Phil (ZOO), NET, Ph.D
ASST. PROFESSOR,
LOYOLA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, CHENNAI - 34

2. WHAT IS OBJECTIFICATION?
• The act of representing an
abstraction as physical
thing.
• The action of degrading
someone to the status of a
mere object.
• The seeing and/or treating a
person, usually a woman, as
an object.
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3. dEFINITION OF OBJECTIFICATION
To treat as an object
or cause to have
objective reality
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4. What does objectification mean in advertising?
• In fact, the most common
form of sex in advertising is
sexual objectification, in
which advertisers use
women's sexualized body
images to sell products; the
usage of such images
in advertising is a real
problem and damaging to
women in real world.
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6. CAN A WOmAN OBJECTIFy HErSElF?
• Both men and women struggle
with self-objectification, but it is most
commonly seen among women.
• According to Calogero, self-
objectification explains the
psychological process by
which women internalize
people's objectification of their bodies,
resulting in them constantly criticizing
their own bodies.
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7. WHy IS OBJECTIFICATION WrONg?
• The harm and wrong of
sexual objectification resides in the
fact that it makes women
vulnerable; they can be reduced to
sex object status at any time when
their sexual attributes are made
dominant in their public image.
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8. mArTHA NUSSBAUm (1995)
Instrumentality
Denial of
autonomy
Inertness Fungibility Violability Ownership
Denial of
subjectivity
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10. SElF OBJECTIFICATION
The psychological process by which women
internalise people’s objectification of their bodies,
resulting in them constantly criticizing their own
bodies.

11. WHAT IS SElF OBJECTIFICATION THEOry?
• Self-objectification is defined as the
adoption of a third-person perspective
on the self as opposed to a first-person
perspective such that girls and women
come to place greater value on how they
look to others rather than on how they
feel or what they can do.
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12. rAE lANgTON (2009)
Reduction to
body
Reduction to
appearance
Silencing
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13. WHAT ArE THE dANgErS OF SElF-OBJECTIFICATION?
• Given the negative effects
associated with self-
objectification—such as body
shame, appearance anxiety,
depression, and disordered
eating—an empirically based
approach to researching and
counteracting self-
objectification is critical.
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14. HOW dOES OBJECTIFICATION lEAd TO vIOlENCE?
• In sum, both dehumanization
and objectification have been
linked to physical violence
against women, and
objectification is further linked to
blaming the victims of sexual
aggression.
• The impact of objectification on
rape victimization extends
beyond negative perceptions of
victims
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15. WHAT CAUSES SElF OBJECTIFICATION?
This objectification occurs in two areas:
• (1) interpersonal or social encounters, and
• (2) media exposure.
“Interpersonal or social encounters include
catcalls, checking out/ staring at, or gazing
at women's bodies, sexual comments, and
harassment”.
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16. SOCIETAl EFFECTS
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21. Cultural practices Of sexual objectification
Gazing,comments,Harrasment,violence
Self objectification
Internalized view of self as object
Self survieillance
Vigilant Body monitoring
Negative subjective experience
Body shaming, appearance anxiety
Mental health risks
Eating disorder,Depression,Sexual dysfunction
FrEdrICkSON & rOBErT1997
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22. mEdIA EFFECTS

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26. •Rape
•Body shaming
•Depression
•Eating disorder
•Domestic violence & abuse
•Low self confidence
•Low self esteem
•Self conscious
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27. AdvErSE EFFECTS
 400-600 advertisements per day
 Spend $7 million on cosmetics per year
 $10 billion was spent on cosmetic surgery
 91% of plastic surgery are performed on women
 Suffer from disorder and mental illness
 Sexuality of women has greatly increased
 Magazine women serve as role models
 Adolescent boys are greatly affected

28. dISOrdErS
1. dISOrdEr EATINg

29. 2. dIFFICUlTy IN SCHOOlINg
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30. 3. dEprESSION
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31. 4. NEglECT FrOm INNEr BEAUTy
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32. 5. rElATIONSHIp prOBlEmS FOr mEN
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33. COmBATINg FEmAlE BOdy
OBJECTIFICATION

34. rOlE OF pArENT
 Make a eye contact
 Walk and talk with
your children
 Love your children
 Share your ideas
 Trust your children
 Treat equally
 Teach the rights
 Educate them

35. rOlE OF TEACHEr
 Formal Informal
conversations
 Support through
validation and
positive feed back
 Know your rights
 Take care of yourself
 Never, ever give up

36. REFERENCES
“GENDER, SCHOOL AND SOCIETY”
TNTEU – STUDY MATERIAL
RAM PUBLICATION
SRIKRISHNA PUBLICATION
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