This document discusses obesity and related topics including: - Definitions of obesity and measurements like BMI and waist circumference. - The global scale of obesity and trends over time showing rising rates. - Common causes of obesity including changes to food environment, diet, and physical activity levels. - Endocrine factors that can contribute to obesity like hormones that regulate hunger. - Health complications of obesity such as increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. - Approaches to obesity management including diet, exercise, drugs, and bariatric surgery. Evidence is presented on effectiveness of different options. - The relationship between obesity and diabetes including impact of weight gain from diabetes medications and potential benefits of new incre