Fresh green leaves of Daucus Carota was harvested and processed with a view to analyse its photochemical constituents and nutritional potentials. Proximate analysis, mineral analysis and phytochemical analysis was determining using standard analytical techniques. The nutrient composition of the leaf protein concentrate revealed Moisture content 8.69±0.03 g 100g, crude protein 18.38±0.08 g 100g, crude fibre 14.81±0.02 g 100g, crude fat 5.69±0.23 g 100g, Ash 19.69±0.02g 100g , and NFE 32.74±0.43 g 100g.The mineral analysis of the sample shows the concentrations of the elements in the following descending order of magnitude Ca P Mg Na Fe K Zn Cu Mn Se while Hg was not detected in the sample. The photochemical constituents also revealed Tanin 3.66±0.16 mg 100g, Saponin 4.34±0.06 mg 100g, Alkaloid 10.49±0.02 mg 100g, Oxalate 6.89±0.04 mg 100g, Phytate 14.62±0.05 mg 100g, Phenolics 3.75±0.82 mg 100g, Flavonoids 3.62±0.43 mg 100g. High Concentration of Calcium and Phosphorus indicates that Daucus carota leaf protein concentrates is fit for consumption by children, pregnant women and weaned infants for good teeth and bone formation. The constituents of Daucus carota leaf protein concentrates present values of significant nutritional benefits and can find application in various food additives, binders, flavonoids and vitamins. It could also be used as additives in some drugs if the active compounds present in it could be analysed to detect its suitability. Sodamade, A. | Raimi, S. M. | Owonikoko, A. D. | Adebimpe, A. T. "Nutritive Evaluation, Mineral Composition and Phytochemical Analysis of Leaf Protein Concentrates of Daucus carota" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26427.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/analytical-chemistry/26427/nutritive-evaluation-mineral-composition-and-phytochemical-analysis-of-leaf-protein-concentrates-of-daucus-carota/sodamade-a
The document analyzes the nutritional composition of Moringa oleifera leaves from South Africa, finding the leaves to be a good source of protein (30.3%), various minerals including calcium and iron, fatty acids like alpha-linolenic acid, fiber, and vitamins A and E. The leaves also contain amino acids and polyphenols, indicating their potential as a nutritional supplement for humans and animal feed.
This document analyzes the nutritional and antioxidant properties of three mangrove fruit species from Odisha, India: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, and Kandelia candel. It finds that K. candel fruit has the highest protein, total sugar, and non-reducing sugar content, while B. gymnorrhiza fruit has the lowest amounts of these nutrients. R. apiculata fruit contains the most micronutrients. B. gymnorrhiza fruit exhibits the highest antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content. Analyzing the nutritional composition of these mangrove fruits can help determine their potential role as emergency foods and in bio-prospecting applications
This document analyzes the proximate composition and vitamin levels of seven medicinal plants used in Nigeria - Bambusa vulgaris, Euphorbia hirta, Lawsonia inarmic, Mimosa pudica, Bidens pilosa, Croton zambesicus and Persia americana. The study found that Mimosa pudica and Euphorbia hirta had the highest moisture content, Bidens pilosa was highest in protein, and Bambusa vulgaris was highest in ash, fiber, and vitamin C. Various vitamins like thiamine, riboflavin and niacin were also present in different levels across the plants. The antioxidants and nutrients in these plants
The document characterizes dragon fruit and provides information on its nutritional composition and health benefits. It discusses the different varieties of dragon fruit, including their physical and chemical properties. It also describes the antioxidant and fiber content of dragon fruit and their functional roles in reducing risks of chronic diseases. The document summarizes research analyzing the antioxidant activity, nutritional profile, and fatty acid composition of red pitaya fruit from Brazil. It finds that the peel has higher antioxidant levels than the pulp and concludes that the peel should not be discarded due to its nutritional and bioactive compound content.
Studies on the Crude Extract of Moringa Oleifera Leaf for Preliminary Identif...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes a study on the phytochemical and physicochemical properties of the leaf, stem, and flowers of Luffa aegyptiaca. Key findings include:
1. The leaf, stem, and flowers contain saponins, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. Alkaloids were present only in the flowers.
2. Nutrient analysis found the leaves contain 10.01% moisture, 0.78% protein, and 48.02% carbohydrates. The stem contains 7.02% moisture, 3.01% protein, and 61.01% carbohydrates. Flowers contain 4.01% moisture, 0.5% protein, and 45.
This presentation contains Dragon fruit and its botanical classifications, nutritional composition of dragon fruit, health benefits, value added products such as jam, jelly, powder, spread etc.,
The document analyzes the nutritional composition of Moringa oleifera leaves of the South African ecotype. It finds the dried leaves contain 30.3% crude protein with 19 amino acids. Notable mineral contents include 3.65% calcium, 1.5% potassium, and 0.3% phosphorus. Fatty acid analysis identified 17 fatty acids, with alpha-linolenic acid at 44.57%. Vitamin E was the highest vitamin at 77 mg/100g. The fiber contents were 11.4% NDF and 8.49% ADF. Overall, the amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins reflected a desirable nutritional balance for the Moringa leaves.
The document analyzes the nutritional composition of Moringa oleifera leaves from South Africa, finding the leaves to be a good source of protein (30.3%), various minerals including calcium and iron, fatty acids like alpha-linolenic acid, fiber, and vitamins A and E. The leaves also contain amino acids and polyphenols, indicating their potential as a nutritional supplement for humans and animal feed.
This document analyzes the nutritional and antioxidant properties of three mangrove fruit species from Odisha, India: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, and Kandelia candel. It finds that K. candel fruit has the highest protein, total sugar, and non-reducing sugar content, while B. gymnorrhiza fruit has the lowest amounts of these nutrients. R. apiculata fruit contains the most micronutrients. B. gymnorrhiza fruit exhibits the highest antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content. Analyzing the nutritional composition of these mangrove fruits can help determine their potential role as emergency foods and in bio-prospecting applications
This document analyzes the proximate composition and vitamin levels of seven medicinal plants used in Nigeria - Bambusa vulgaris, Euphorbia hirta, Lawsonia inarmic, Mimosa pudica, Bidens pilosa, Croton zambesicus and Persia americana. The study found that Mimosa pudica and Euphorbia hirta had the highest moisture content, Bidens pilosa was highest in protein, and Bambusa vulgaris was highest in ash, fiber, and vitamin C. Various vitamins like thiamine, riboflavin and niacin were also present in different levels across the plants. The antioxidants and nutrients in these plants
The document characterizes dragon fruit and provides information on its nutritional composition and health benefits. It discusses the different varieties of dragon fruit, including their physical and chemical properties. It also describes the antioxidant and fiber content of dragon fruit and their functional roles in reducing risks of chronic diseases. The document summarizes research analyzing the antioxidant activity, nutritional profile, and fatty acid composition of red pitaya fruit from Brazil. It finds that the peel has higher antioxidant levels than the pulp and concludes that the peel should not be discarded due to its nutritional and bioactive compound content.
Studies on the Crude Extract of Moringa Oleifera Leaf for Preliminary Identif...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes a study on the phytochemical and physicochemical properties of the leaf, stem, and flowers of Luffa aegyptiaca. Key findings include:
1. The leaf, stem, and flowers contain saponins, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. Alkaloids were present only in the flowers.
2. Nutrient analysis found the leaves contain 10.01% moisture, 0.78% protein, and 48.02% carbohydrates. The stem contains 7.02% moisture, 3.01% protein, and 61.01% carbohydrates. Flowers contain 4.01% moisture, 0.5% protein, and 45.
This presentation contains Dragon fruit and its botanical classifications, nutritional composition of dragon fruit, health benefits, value added products such as jam, jelly, powder, spread etc.,
The document analyzes the nutritional composition of Moringa oleifera leaves of the South African ecotype. It finds the dried leaves contain 30.3% crude protein with 19 amino acids. Notable mineral contents include 3.65% calcium, 1.5% potassium, and 0.3% phosphorus. Fatty acid analysis identified 17 fatty acids, with alpha-linolenic acid at 44.57%. Vitamin E was the highest vitamin at 77 mg/100g. The fiber contents were 11.4% NDF and 8.49% ADF. Overall, the amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins reflected a desirable nutritional balance for the Moringa leaves.
PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACTSubmissionResearchpa
Medicinal plants are abundant in phytochemicals that has significant therapeutic effects. They are relatively cheap, effective and safe in prolong use. This experiment was carried out to investigate the phyto-nutritional profile of broom weed (Sida acuta) leaf extract. Proximate analysis Sida acuta leaf indicated the presence of dry matter (91.88 %), crude protein (18.01 %), ash (9.73 %), crude fibre (6.24 %), ether extract (1.77 %) and energy (2760 Kcal/kg). Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, oxalate, phytate, alkaloids, terpenoids and glycosides at 0.82 %, 2.02 %, 4.25 %, 0.20 %, 0.17 %, 0.05 %, 0.23 %, 0.22 %, 0.95 % and 0.02 % respectively and the vitamin constituents are thiamine (0.33 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (30.17 mg/100g), riboflavin (0.05 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.79 mg/100g) and niacin (0.41 mg/100g). Mineral analysis showed that it contained calcium (127.6 mg/100g), phosphorus (78.6 mg/100g), potassium (31.6 mg/100g), magnesium (102.1 mg/100g), iron (2.14 mg/100g), manganese (0.60 mg/100g), copper (0.04 mg/100g) and zinc (1.75 mg/100g). Result on amino acid composition showed that they contained lysine (2.11 mg/100g), arginine (1.77 mg/100g), aspartic acid (2.13 mg/100g), threonine (1.85 mg/100g), histidine (4.71 mg/100g), serine (2.03 mg/100g), glycine (1.05 mg/100g), alanine (3.31 mg/100g), cystine (5.06 mg/100g), valine (0.88 mg/100g), leucine (2.04 mg/100g), phenyalanine (4.72 mg/100g), tyrosine (3.51 mg/100g), isoleucine (2.84 mg/100g), methionine (0.85 mg/100g) and proline (1.05 mg/100g). It was concluded that Sida acuta leaf extract is rich in various nutrients and phytochemicals conferring it the ability to perform multiple biological activities and as a natural alternative to antibiotics. by Shittu, M. D and Alagbe, J.O 2020. PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACT. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 119-124. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.845. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/845/806 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/845
Screening and evaluation of medicinal properties of grape fruit varieties in ...EditorIJAERD
Theni districts could be considered one of the highest grapes producing area also export best quality of
Paneer dhrakshai Indian table grapes in Tamil Nadu. The research work focused to identify the nutritive compounds in
the grapes (Vitis vinifera) species which are a wonderful fruit having pulp content, vibrant color and exert an immense
health benefits. Grape fruits were found to be rich source of Anthocyanin content and vitamin C also macromolecules
contents such as carbohydrate contents of 29mg, Protein 18.7mg and fat content 3.7mg /100 g of f. wt. Micronutrients
were estimated by AAS which showed that calcium content was 3.1mg/g.f.wt, iron content 2.7 mg/g.f.wt, potassium 2.6
mg/g.f.wt found to be more than other minerals in fresh extracts of grape fruits. The comparative results of revealed
considerable amount of phytoconstituents in grape fruits in which anthocyanins alone has been taken to evaluate
therapeutic effects on breast cancer cell MCF-7 cell viability test was carried out to determine cell proliferation. The
results revealed presence of anthocyanins in high quantity in the process of purification through various biochemical
methods that could ultimately be used for preventing cancerous cell proliferation which reduces the development of
cancer diseases. On comparison Grapes (Vitis vinifera) may serve as functional food with vital pharmaceutical and
biological value.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the anti-nutritional properties of four edible mangrove fruits found in Odisha, India. The study found that the fruit of Xylocarpus granatum had the highest oxalate content, while Kandelia candel fruit had the highest phytate and saponin contents. X. granatum also had the highest tannin level. All four fruits contained measurable levels of anti-nutrients and consuming large amounts was not recommended. The findings provide information on the anti-nutritional properties of these edible mangrove fruits.
- A study analyzed nutrients in fresh and canned Palmyrah young fruit kernel to see if canning affected nutrient levels.
- Canned samples had significantly higher levels of minerals and antioxidants than fresh samples. Vitamin C decreased with canning but remained stable during storage.
- Total phenolic content significantly decreased with storage time, while most other nutrients remained comparable between fresh and canned samples after canning and during storage.
- The study found that canned Palmyrah young fruit kernel can deliver nutrient levels similar to fresh and may therefore be a way to make the product available year-round.
This document outlines a proposed student research project that will investigate using alkali-treated sorghum spent grain as a feed ingredient in broiler diets. The project will involve feeding broiler chickens diets containing 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% alkali-treated sorghum spent grain. Data on feed intake, weight gain, and production costs will be collected and analyzed to evaluate the nutritional value and economic feasibility of the experimental diets. The expected outcomes are to determine an optimal, low-cost inclusion level of alkali-treated sorghum spent grain that supports broiler growth performance without negatively impacting production costs.
Presentation on unconventional feed stuff complete1Harshit Saxena
This presentation discusses unconventional feed resources, their characteristics, limitations, and processing. Some key points:
- Unconventional feeds include agricultural and industrial byproducts traditionally not used for animal feeding. They provide nutrients but also contain antinutritional factors.
- India faces shortages of green fodder (63%), dry fodder (23%), and concentrates (48%). Unconventional feeds can help meet demands, especially during scarcity.
- Feeds vary in nutrients as energy sources, protein sources, or miscellaneous sources. Processing through expander extrusion can increase their nutritive value when included in total mixed rations.
- Constraints to use include limited composition knowledge
Non-conventional feed resources (NCFR) such as sugar beet pulp, citrus pulp, banana waste, cassava pulp, and maize residues can help address shortages in conventional animal feed. NCFRs are low-cost, provide nutrients, and can be used fresh or ensiled. Specifically, sugar beet pulp can replace up to 20% of animal feed and stores well as silage. Citrus pulp is high in energy and digestible for ruminants. Banana waste and cassava pulp have been used to feed livestock in Asia.
ABSTRACT- Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) is important for its food and nutritional values through out the world of the tropical fruit. The whole plant consists of medicinal properties such as fruit, leaf and other parts of the plant are also used in traditional system of medicine. So that, each part of guava tree contained the economic importance because it is cheap and used in several food dishes and also cultivated on the commercial level. Guava plant is considered to the process of the biological activity and medicinal application of guava so thatthe fruit considered as the poor man apple of tropics. The guava plant parts are used for the treatment of various skin allergy such as patches in your chick, dullness of the face etc. In the investigation, nutritional value of each part of guava fruit and medicinal properties of the fruit, these was obtained from various valuable parts and have been used to provide collective information on its multi purpose applications for human beings.
Key words: Fruit, Fever, Hexanal, Anti-Inflammatory, Psidium guajava L.,
The non-conventional feed resources (NCFR) refer to all those feeds that have not been traditionally used in animal feeding and or are not normally used in commercially produced rations for livestock.
NCFR include commonly, a variety of feeds from perennial crops and feeds of animal and industrial origin.
A study review of documented phytochemistry of vernonia amygdalina as the ba...Alexander Decker
1) The study reviewed the documented phytochemistry of Vernonia amygdalina leaves, which revealed the presence of compounds like anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids.
2) Previous studies on the pharmacologic activities of V. amygdalina extract found it has hypoglycemic, antimalarial, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These activities are attributed to the phytochemicals present in the plant.
3) One study found V. amygdalina extracts had significant antioxidant activity in various test systems due to their total phenolic and flavonoid
Despite considerable interest in the use of Moringa oleifera as a nutrient source, gaps and inconsistencies in the information on the nutrient content of this interesting plant remain. There are many reasons for this. The nutrient content of newly harvested plant material naturally varies with soil and climate as well as season and plant age. Differences in processing and storage procedures add more variation; and the use of different analytical techniques amplifies the variation further. For moringa leaves, additional variation has been created over time due to errors created as nutrient content values are incorrectly copied from source to source (30). The purpose of this review is to summarize the more recent scientific information about the nutrient content of fresh Moringa oleifera leaves and dried Moringa oleifera leaf powder. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Fruit as Medicine: blueberry, Genus vacciniumKevin KF Ng
This document provides information about blueberries and their health benefits. It begins with an outline of the topics to be covered, including the scientific classification of blueberries, major production areas, nutrient and bioactive compounds, pharmacological effects, and clinical studies. It then delves into details on the types and cultivation of blueberries, their phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties. Several studies are summarized showing blueberries may help conditions like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The document concludes by noting blueberries are a good source of anthocyanins but have low bioavailability, with metabolites produced by gut microbiota potentially responsible for health effects.
Effects of the aqueous root extract of vernonia amygdalina on the haematologi...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of the aqueous root extract of Vernonia amygdalina on the haematological profile of rats. Twenty rats were divided into four groups, with three treatment groups given different doses of the root extract and a control group given saline. Blood was drawn weekly from the rats to analyze parameters like red blood cell count, white blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and packed cell volume. The study found no significant differences between the treatment and control groups in these parameters. However, some parameters like white blood cell count and red blood cell count significantly increased within the treatment groups over the three-week period. This suggested that the effect of the extract depended more on duration of consumption than dosage
Malunggay, a horseradish tree, as useful as the multivitaminConnie Dello Buono
This document provides information on mineral nutrients, micro-nutrients, and other elements found in leaves of the Malunggay plant (Moringa oleifera) sampled from various locations in the Philippines. It finds that the leaf blades contain high concentrations of nitrogen, calcium, potassium, sulfur, and iron. The concentrations of nutrients and elements in the leaves and leaf stalks vary depending on soil chemistry and conditions of the sampled areas. The document summarizes the nutrient contents in tables and figures to facilitate comparison between locations and plant parts.
Spice as Medicine: Coriander & Cilantro, Coriandrum sativumKevin KF Ng
Coriander and cilantro have been used as spice and medicine for thousands of years. Modern science has uncovered their bioactive compounds which are beneficial for health
Nutritional profile of amaranth grain varieties grown in kenyaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the nutritional profiles of grains from four Amaranth varieties (A. hypochondriacus, A albus, A. cruentus, and A. hybridus) grown in Kenya. The study found that the varieties had similar nutritional compositions, being rich in proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals like iron and zinc, and amino acids. The grains also contained unsaturated fatty acids and moderate levels of anti-nutrients like phytate, tannins and oxalates. The research concluded that Amaranth grains could help address nutrient deficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa due to their dense nutritional profile.
This document discusses the potential for oil seed crops like sunflower and oil seed rape (OSR) to replace soy in organic poultry feed in the UK. Sunflower meal has good nutritional properties for poultry like adequate levels of sulfur-containing amino acids. Both sunflower and certain OSR varieties can make useful contributions to organic poultry rations. However, UK production of OSR is currently very small and limited by agronomic and economic factors. Sunflower has more potential as it grows well in parts of southern England and Wales and is easier to produce organically in the UK climate than OSR.
Phytochemical Analysis and Mineral Content of Ethanol Extract of Citrullus la...Premier Publishers
This study examined the phytochemical and elemental content of water melon (Citrullus lanatus) bark. The sample was spread in the laboratory to dry at room temperature after which it was grounded to get a coarse powder form using sterile mortar and pestle. The extracts (ethanol and aqueous) were subjected to phytochemical and elemental analysis using standard procedures. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloid, saponins, oxalates, flavonoids, steroid, phytates and glycoside while the quantitative phytochemical screening indicated the contents of tannins to be (1.360g/100g), alkaloid (3.965 g/100g), saponins (1.380 g/100g), oxalates (3.675 g/100g), flavonoids (1.145g/100g), steroid (1.080g/100g), phytates (3.160g/100g) and glycoside (4.490 g/100g). The elemental analysis showed that the extracts contains Ca (0.025±0.002mg/100g), K (0.065±0.001mg/100g), Fe (0.189±0.007mg/100g), Zn (0.263±0.005mg/100g), Mg (1.771±0.005 mg/100g), Mn (0.670 ±0.003mg/100g), Na (0.033±0.001mg/100g), and Cu (0.245±0.003mg/100g) however Cr was not detected. The results of this study showed that the ethanol extract of C. lanatus contain bioactive compounds which might be responsible for pharmacological actions of the plant and the plant can also serve as a source of mineral elements in diet.
Use of date syrup as alternative carbon source for microbial cultivationPremier Publishers
This document discusses using date syrup and date fruit soaked water as alternative carbon sources for producing biomass of Bacillus megaterium. Maximum biomass production of 2.8 g/l and 4.1 g/l was obtained using 8% date syrup and date fruit soaked water respectively, which was greater than when other carbon sources were used. The optimal medium for high biomass production used 8% date syrup as the carbon source and 0.5 g/L (NH4)2SO4 as the nitrogen source, with fermentation at 30°C for 48 hours. Date syrup and soaked water can be used inexpensively to produce biomass through batch fermentations with B. megaterium.
The document describes a study that evaluated the bioactive phytochemicals in Gouania longipetala using GC-MS analysis. Eight phytochemicals were identified in the ethanol leaf extract: 11,14-octadecadienoic acid; Hexadecanoic acid; 9,11-octadecadienoic acid; 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol; 9-Octadecenoic acid; Ethyl palmitate; 17-carboxyheptadec-9-en-1-ylium; and Glutaric acid, isobutyl 2-nitrophenyl ester. Many of these compounds showed bioactivities like inhibiting
Comparative analysis of the phytochemical and nutrientAlexander Decker
1. The study analyzed and compared the phytochemical, nutrient, vitamin, and mineral composition of the seeds and leaves of Plukenetia conophora.
2. Results showed that the leaves generally contained higher amounts of components like fat, fiber, ash, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, alkaloids, tannins, and anthraquinones compared to the seeds.
3. However, the seeds contained higher amounts of moisture, protein, and copper. Both seeds and leaves were found to contain important nutrients and could potentially serve as food sources or in drug formulations.
The study of physiochemical properties of fresh Rosemary leaves powder and also the preparation of tea from standard green tea. Powder of Rosemary leaves is prepared by sun drying for duration of 3 4 hours, followed by grinding into fine particles size. Dried leaves are subjected to proximate analysis. Dried leaf powder reveals a moisture content of 6.41 , total ash at 5.52 , and crude fiber at 25.19 . The physicochemical properties disclose that sorbic acid is absent. Three formulations T0, T1, and T2 were created by varying the amounts of rosemary leaves 1.45gm, 1.50gm, and 1gm green tea ratio 1.45gm, 1gm, and 1.50gm rosemary green tea T2 was accepted on the basis of sensory characteristics like taste, texture, and flavor and overall acceptability. The selected sample was assessed from proximate analysis and microbial tests. Khushi Amit Patel | Dhanya Joseph "Development of Rosemary Induces Green Tea" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53905.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/home-science/food-and-nutrition/53905/development-of-rosemary-induces-green-tea/khushi-amit-patel
PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACTSubmissionResearchpa
Medicinal plants are abundant in phytochemicals that has significant therapeutic effects. They are relatively cheap, effective and safe in prolong use. This experiment was carried out to investigate the phyto-nutritional profile of broom weed (Sida acuta) leaf extract. Proximate analysis Sida acuta leaf indicated the presence of dry matter (91.88 %), crude protein (18.01 %), ash (9.73 %), crude fibre (6.24 %), ether extract (1.77 %) and energy (2760 Kcal/kg). Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, oxalate, phytate, alkaloids, terpenoids and glycosides at 0.82 %, 2.02 %, 4.25 %, 0.20 %, 0.17 %, 0.05 %, 0.23 %, 0.22 %, 0.95 % and 0.02 % respectively and the vitamin constituents are thiamine (0.33 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (30.17 mg/100g), riboflavin (0.05 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.79 mg/100g) and niacin (0.41 mg/100g). Mineral analysis showed that it contained calcium (127.6 mg/100g), phosphorus (78.6 mg/100g), potassium (31.6 mg/100g), magnesium (102.1 mg/100g), iron (2.14 mg/100g), manganese (0.60 mg/100g), copper (0.04 mg/100g) and zinc (1.75 mg/100g). Result on amino acid composition showed that they contained lysine (2.11 mg/100g), arginine (1.77 mg/100g), aspartic acid (2.13 mg/100g), threonine (1.85 mg/100g), histidine (4.71 mg/100g), serine (2.03 mg/100g), glycine (1.05 mg/100g), alanine (3.31 mg/100g), cystine (5.06 mg/100g), valine (0.88 mg/100g), leucine (2.04 mg/100g), phenyalanine (4.72 mg/100g), tyrosine (3.51 mg/100g), isoleucine (2.84 mg/100g), methionine (0.85 mg/100g) and proline (1.05 mg/100g). It was concluded that Sida acuta leaf extract is rich in various nutrients and phytochemicals conferring it the ability to perform multiple biological activities and as a natural alternative to antibiotics. by Shittu, M. D and Alagbe, J.O 2020. PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACT. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 119-124. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.845. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/845/806 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/845
Screening and evaluation of medicinal properties of grape fruit varieties in ...EditorIJAERD
Theni districts could be considered one of the highest grapes producing area also export best quality of
Paneer dhrakshai Indian table grapes in Tamil Nadu. The research work focused to identify the nutritive compounds in
the grapes (Vitis vinifera) species which are a wonderful fruit having pulp content, vibrant color and exert an immense
health benefits. Grape fruits were found to be rich source of Anthocyanin content and vitamin C also macromolecules
contents such as carbohydrate contents of 29mg, Protein 18.7mg and fat content 3.7mg /100 g of f. wt. Micronutrients
were estimated by AAS which showed that calcium content was 3.1mg/g.f.wt, iron content 2.7 mg/g.f.wt, potassium 2.6
mg/g.f.wt found to be more than other minerals in fresh extracts of grape fruits. The comparative results of revealed
considerable amount of phytoconstituents in grape fruits in which anthocyanins alone has been taken to evaluate
therapeutic effects on breast cancer cell MCF-7 cell viability test was carried out to determine cell proliferation. The
results revealed presence of anthocyanins in high quantity in the process of purification through various biochemical
methods that could ultimately be used for preventing cancerous cell proliferation which reduces the development of
cancer diseases. On comparison Grapes (Vitis vinifera) may serve as functional food with vital pharmaceutical and
biological value.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the anti-nutritional properties of four edible mangrove fruits found in Odisha, India. The study found that the fruit of Xylocarpus granatum had the highest oxalate content, while Kandelia candel fruit had the highest phytate and saponin contents. X. granatum also had the highest tannin level. All four fruits contained measurable levels of anti-nutrients and consuming large amounts was not recommended. The findings provide information on the anti-nutritional properties of these edible mangrove fruits.
- A study analyzed nutrients in fresh and canned Palmyrah young fruit kernel to see if canning affected nutrient levels.
- Canned samples had significantly higher levels of minerals and antioxidants than fresh samples. Vitamin C decreased with canning but remained stable during storage.
- Total phenolic content significantly decreased with storage time, while most other nutrients remained comparable between fresh and canned samples after canning and during storage.
- The study found that canned Palmyrah young fruit kernel can deliver nutrient levels similar to fresh and may therefore be a way to make the product available year-round.
This document outlines a proposed student research project that will investigate using alkali-treated sorghum spent grain as a feed ingredient in broiler diets. The project will involve feeding broiler chickens diets containing 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% alkali-treated sorghum spent grain. Data on feed intake, weight gain, and production costs will be collected and analyzed to evaluate the nutritional value and economic feasibility of the experimental diets. The expected outcomes are to determine an optimal, low-cost inclusion level of alkali-treated sorghum spent grain that supports broiler growth performance without negatively impacting production costs.
Presentation on unconventional feed stuff complete1Harshit Saxena
This presentation discusses unconventional feed resources, their characteristics, limitations, and processing. Some key points:
- Unconventional feeds include agricultural and industrial byproducts traditionally not used for animal feeding. They provide nutrients but also contain antinutritional factors.
- India faces shortages of green fodder (63%), dry fodder (23%), and concentrates (48%). Unconventional feeds can help meet demands, especially during scarcity.
- Feeds vary in nutrients as energy sources, protein sources, or miscellaneous sources. Processing through expander extrusion can increase their nutritive value when included in total mixed rations.
- Constraints to use include limited composition knowledge
Non-conventional feed resources (NCFR) such as sugar beet pulp, citrus pulp, banana waste, cassava pulp, and maize residues can help address shortages in conventional animal feed. NCFRs are low-cost, provide nutrients, and can be used fresh or ensiled. Specifically, sugar beet pulp can replace up to 20% of animal feed and stores well as silage. Citrus pulp is high in energy and digestible for ruminants. Banana waste and cassava pulp have been used to feed livestock in Asia.
ABSTRACT- Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) is important for its food and nutritional values through out the world of the tropical fruit. The whole plant consists of medicinal properties such as fruit, leaf and other parts of the plant are also used in traditional system of medicine. So that, each part of guava tree contained the economic importance because it is cheap and used in several food dishes and also cultivated on the commercial level. Guava plant is considered to the process of the biological activity and medicinal application of guava so thatthe fruit considered as the poor man apple of tropics. The guava plant parts are used for the treatment of various skin allergy such as patches in your chick, dullness of the face etc. In the investigation, nutritional value of each part of guava fruit and medicinal properties of the fruit, these was obtained from various valuable parts and have been used to provide collective information on its multi purpose applications for human beings.
Key words: Fruit, Fever, Hexanal, Anti-Inflammatory, Psidium guajava L.,
The non-conventional feed resources (NCFR) refer to all those feeds that have not been traditionally used in animal feeding and or are not normally used in commercially produced rations for livestock.
NCFR include commonly, a variety of feeds from perennial crops and feeds of animal and industrial origin.
A study review of documented phytochemistry of vernonia amygdalina as the ba...Alexander Decker
1) The study reviewed the documented phytochemistry of Vernonia amygdalina leaves, which revealed the presence of compounds like anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids.
2) Previous studies on the pharmacologic activities of V. amygdalina extract found it has hypoglycemic, antimalarial, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These activities are attributed to the phytochemicals present in the plant.
3) One study found V. amygdalina extracts had significant antioxidant activity in various test systems due to their total phenolic and flavonoid
Despite considerable interest in the use of Moringa oleifera as a nutrient source, gaps and inconsistencies in the information on the nutrient content of this interesting plant remain. There are many reasons for this. The nutrient content of newly harvested plant material naturally varies with soil and climate as well as season and plant age. Differences in processing and storage procedures add more variation; and the use of different analytical techniques amplifies the variation further. For moringa leaves, additional variation has been created over time due to errors created as nutrient content values are incorrectly copied from source to source (30). The purpose of this review is to summarize the more recent scientific information about the nutrient content of fresh Moringa oleifera leaves and dried Moringa oleifera leaf powder. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Fruit as Medicine: blueberry, Genus vacciniumKevin KF Ng
This document provides information about blueberries and their health benefits. It begins with an outline of the topics to be covered, including the scientific classification of blueberries, major production areas, nutrient and bioactive compounds, pharmacological effects, and clinical studies. It then delves into details on the types and cultivation of blueberries, their phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties. Several studies are summarized showing blueberries may help conditions like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The document concludes by noting blueberries are a good source of anthocyanins but have low bioavailability, with metabolites produced by gut microbiota potentially responsible for health effects.
Effects of the aqueous root extract of vernonia amygdalina on the haematologi...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of the aqueous root extract of Vernonia amygdalina on the haematological profile of rats. Twenty rats were divided into four groups, with three treatment groups given different doses of the root extract and a control group given saline. Blood was drawn weekly from the rats to analyze parameters like red blood cell count, white blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and packed cell volume. The study found no significant differences between the treatment and control groups in these parameters. However, some parameters like white blood cell count and red blood cell count significantly increased within the treatment groups over the three-week period. This suggested that the effect of the extract depended more on duration of consumption than dosage
Malunggay, a horseradish tree, as useful as the multivitaminConnie Dello Buono
This document provides information on mineral nutrients, micro-nutrients, and other elements found in leaves of the Malunggay plant (Moringa oleifera) sampled from various locations in the Philippines. It finds that the leaf blades contain high concentrations of nitrogen, calcium, potassium, sulfur, and iron. The concentrations of nutrients and elements in the leaves and leaf stalks vary depending on soil chemistry and conditions of the sampled areas. The document summarizes the nutrient contents in tables and figures to facilitate comparison between locations and plant parts.
Spice as Medicine: Coriander & Cilantro, Coriandrum sativumKevin KF Ng
Coriander and cilantro have been used as spice and medicine for thousands of years. Modern science has uncovered their bioactive compounds which are beneficial for health
Nutritional profile of amaranth grain varieties grown in kenyaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the nutritional profiles of grains from four Amaranth varieties (A. hypochondriacus, A albus, A. cruentus, and A. hybridus) grown in Kenya. The study found that the varieties had similar nutritional compositions, being rich in proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals like iron and zinc, and amino acids. The grains also contained unsaturated fatty acids and moderate levels of anti-nutrients like phytate, tannins and oxalates. The research concluded that Amaranth grains could help address nutrient deficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa due to their dense nutritional profile.
This document discusses the potential for oil seed crops like sunflower and oil seed rape (OSR) to replace soy in organic poultry feed in the UK. Sunflower meal has good nutritional properties for poultry like adequate levels of sulfur-containing amino acids. Both sunflower and certain OSR varieties can make useful contributions to organic poultry rations. However, UK production of OSR is currently very small and limited by agronomic and economic factors. Sunflower has more potential as it grows well in parts of southern England and Wales and is easier to produce organically in the UK climate than OSR.
Phytochemical Analysis and Mineral Content of Ethanol Extract of Citrullus la...Premier Publishers
This study examined the phytochemical and elemental content of water melon (Citrullus lanatus) bark. The sample was spread in the laboratory to dry at room temperature after which it was grounded to get a coarse powder form using sterile mortar and pestle. The extracts (ethanol and aqueous) were subjected to phytochemical and elemental analysis using standard procedures. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloid, saponins, oxalates, flavonoids, steroid, phytates and glycoside while the quantitative phytochemical screening indicated the contents of tannins to be (1.360g/100g), alkaloid (3.965 g/100g), saponins (1.380 g/100g), oxalates (3.675 g/100g), flavonoids (1.145g/100g), steroid (1.080g/100g), phytates (3.160g/100g) and glycoside (4.490 g/100g). The elemental analysis showed that the extracts contains Ca (0.025±0.002mg/100g), K (0.065±0.001mg/100g), Fe (0.189±0.007mg/100g), Zn (0.263±0.005mg/100g), Mg (1.771±0.005 mg/100g), Mn (0.670 ±0.003mg/100g), Na (0.033±0.001mg/100g), and Cu (0.245±0.003mg/100g) however Cr was not detected. The results of this study showed that the ethanol extract of C. lanatus contain bioactive compounds which might be responsible for pharmacological actions of the plant and the plant can also serve as a source of mineral elements in diet.
Use of date syrup as alternative carbon source for microbial cultivationPremier Publishers
This document discusses using date syrup and date fruit soaked water as alternative carbon sources for producing biomass of Bacillus megaterium. Maximum biomass production of 2.8 g/l and 4.1 g/l was obtained using 8% date syrup and date fruit soaked water respectively, which was greater than when other carbon sources were used. The optimal medium for high biomass production used 8% date syrup as the carbon source and 0.5 g/L (NH4)2SO4 as the nitrogen source, with fermentation at 30°C for 48 hours. Date syrup and soaked water can be used inexpensively to produce biomass through batch fermentations with B. megaterium.
The document describes a study that evaluated the bioactive phytochemicals in Gouania longipetala using GC-MS analysis. Eight phytochemicals were identified in the ethanol leaf extract: 11,14-octadecadienoic acid; Hexadecanoic acid; 9,11-octadecadienoic acid; 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol; 9-Octadecenoic acid; Ethyl palmitate; 17-carboxyheptadec-9-en-1-ylium; and Glutaric acid, isobutyl 2-nitrophenyl ester. Many of these compounds showed bioactivities like inhibiting
Comparative analysis of the phytochemical and nutrientAlexander Decker
1. The study analyzed and compared the phytochemical, nutrient, vitamin, and mineral composition of the seeds and leaves of Plukenetia conophora.
2. Results showed that the leaves generally contained higher amounts of components like fat, fiber, ash, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, alkaloids, tannins, and anthraquinones compared to the seeds.
3. However, the seeds contained higher amounts of moisture, protein, and copper. Both seeds and leaves were found to contain important nutrients and could potentially serve as food sources or in drug formulations.
The study of physiochemical properties of fresh Rosemary leaves powder and also the preparation of tea from standard green tea. Powder of Rosemary leaves is prepared by sun drying for duration of 3 4 hours, followed by grinding into fine particles size. Dried leaves are subjected to proximate analysis. Dried leaf powder reveals a moisture content of 6.41 , total ash at 5.52 , and crude fiber at 25.19 . The physicochemical properties disclose that sorbic acid is absent. Three formulations T0, T1, and T2 were created by varying the amounts of rosemary leaves 1.45gm, 1.50gm, and 1gm green tea ratio 1.45gm, 1gm, and 1.50gm rosemary green tea T2 was accepted on the basis of sensory characteristics like taste, texture, and flavor and overall acceptability. The selected sample was assessed from proximate analysis and microbial tests. Khushi Amit Patel | Dhanya Joseph "Development of Rosemary Induces Green Tea" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53905.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/home-science/food-and-nutrition/53905/development-of-rosemary-induces-green-tea/khushi-amit-patel
The document discusses the biochemical characterization of stevia essential oil extracted through different drying methods and solvents. Two drying methods (air dry and oven dry) and two extraction solvents (hexane and ethanol) were used to extract compounds from stevia leaves. Ten major compounds were identified, with some compounds showing greater concentrations depending on the specific drying method and solvent used. Overall, the results suggest that stevia is a potential source of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial compounds and could serve as therapeutic agents.
Effect of Different Method on Processing and Mineral Composition of Portulaca...ijtsrd
In the present scenario, people consume plant substances not only for the satisfaction of hunger or to fulfill the nutrients requirement to maintain the body processes but also to obtain those substances which help to endorse health by reducing the risk of disease. Green leafy vegetables GLV have been the mainstay of human diet as a source of micronutrients and gives an important contribution in combating micronutrient malnutrition in addition of food security as compared to conventional cultivated other vegetables Flyman and Afolyan, 2006 . Judicious use of GLV on a regular basis can replace or reduce the use of expensive medicines and supplements to maintain the health of individuals. Navita Pareek | Ayesha Jamal "Effect of Different Method on Processing and Mineral Composition of Portulaca Oleracea Leaves" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd48035.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/food-and-nutrition/48035/effect-of-different-method-on-processing-and-mineral-composition-of-portulaca-oleracea-leaves/navita-pareek
Nutritional Profile and Physicochemical Properties of Peach Varieties in Ethi...AJSERJournal
Nutritional and functional characteristics of fruits are related to their quality and are influenced by
genotype and ripening stage, and by environmental conditions and orchard management practices. The purpose of this
research was to test nutritional profile and selected physicochemical properties of different improved and adopted
peach varieties in Ethiopia and comparative study among varieties and between study varieties and standard
reference. The result got show that improved peach varieties greater amount of ash (4.3-5.51%), protein (4.34-6.05%),
fat (0.097-1.386%) and fiber (2.87-4.611%) than standard reference (0.263, 1.423, 0.427, and 1.20%, in the
aforementioned order) but lower in carbohydrate (84.411-89.90%) than standard of (96.678%). The mineral content
higher in K (0.48-1.182%), Ca (0.162-0.565 %), Mg (0.037-0.066%), Fe (16.33-159.2%) and Zn (2.43-8.84%) than
standard reference (0.942, 0.051, 0.071, 16.32, 3.213%), respectively except Na, Mg, Cu and Sulfur while the fruit
quality was revealed low moisture content which less water and medium vitamin C (3.99-5.55%) and TSS (8.36-
14.31%). We observed variation in proximate composition and mineral content among sixteen peach varieties.
Biochemical Analysis of a Leguminous Crop Cajanus Cajan L. with an Insecticid...ijtsrd
The article takes into an account of the extraction of different types of biochemical analysis of Pigeon pea with an insecticide Tafgor in a laboratory condition. Pigeon pea is a perennial tropical legume grown mainly in India. It belongs to the family Fabaceae. More than any other legumes adapted to the region, Pigeon pea uniquely combines optimal nutritional profiles and high tolerance to environmental stresses, high biomass productivity. Environmental stresses play a crucial role in the productivity, survival and reproductive biology of plants and crops. They result in diminish and loss of crop production. Dimethoate is a widely used organophosphate and acaricide. TAFGOR insecticide Dimethoate , used as a test chemical, was guaranteed at reagent from Rallis limited, India. First stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1g. of test chemical in 1L of distilled water. we have chosen only 8 concentrations control,50,100,200,400,600,800,1000 for biochemical analysis. This experiment is done under laboratory conditions with sowing 10 seeds in 8 germination bowls which contain 200 gm. of soil and sand 3 1 . The following day, after the exposure of seeds to light, there is rapid elongation of radicle and plumule. The percentage of amino acid content in root and shoot increases at 200 PPM and then decreases at 1000 PPM. The percentage of sugar in root and shoot increases at 400 PPM but decreases at 1000 PPM is 204.70 .and 51.71 . The percentage of protein of shoot is at 400 PPM increases but at 1000 PPM it decreases up to 56.81 . Similarly, in root the percentage of protein decreases at 200 PPM and at 1000 PPM it is 52.94 . At 200 PPM and 1000 PPM the percentage of DNA are 822.99 and 461.38 respectively. Similarly, in root, the percentage of DNA at 200 PPM is 373.42 and at 1000 PPM, it is 209.35 . Due to positive effect, at first it increases to the 200 PPM and after that it decreases due to more toxic effect. At 200 PPM and 1000 PPM the percentage of RNA are 117.01 and 96.35 respectively. Similarly, in root the percentage of RNA is 121.25 and at 1000 PPM it is 82.72 . Due to positive toxicity at first it increases to the 200 PPM and after that it decreases due to more toxic effect. The percentage of the biochemical contents increases from control to 200 or 400 PPM and then the percentage becomes lesser due to more toxic effect. Dr. Rasmita Padhy | Ashutosh Panigrahy | Ankita Mohapatra "Biochemical Analysis of a Leguminous Crop (Cajanus Cajan L.) with an Insecticide (TAFGOR)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30555.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/30555/biochemical-analysis-of-a-leguminous-crop-cajanus-cajan-l-with-an-insecticide-tafgor/dr-rasmita-padhy
Diabetes mellitus as reported by is a complex disorder that affects metabolism in humans and other subjects, affecting several organs in the system. Management of diabetes is challenging and its treatments are often associated with side effects as scientist is increasingly demanding for natural products with antidiabetic activity and fewer side effects [1,2]. In this study, the effect of aqueous Ipomoea batatas leaf extract was carried out in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats (55 mg/ kg) body wt. for 28days. The continuous administration of extract from 400 mg/ kg body wt. for 28days signifi cantly (P ˂ 0.05) reversed the effects on blood glucose which was initially increased. There was a signifi cant decrease (P ˂ 0.05) in urea, creatinine, and uric which show kidney impairment following induction of the diabetogen. There was signifi cant increase (P ˂ 0.05) in the PCV, Hb, RBC, Neutrophils, Basophils, and Monocytes. While Wbc, platelets, lymphocytes, and Eosinophils were signifi cantly (P ˂ 0.05) decreased. The study therefore reveals that aqueous Ipomoea batatas leaf extract can be used in hyperglycemia management as well as in improvement in kidney and blood hematological functions.
Cassava Retting Water An Alternative Source for Industrial Cellulase EnzymeYogeshIJTSRD
Cassava fermentation is one of the teaming businesses in almost all the tribes of Nigeria. Among all the methods of cassava processing to food, fermentation is the most used. This produces foul smelling waste water that causes environmental pollution to man and animals. The retted cassava water was checked for cellulase enzyme activity to see if it can be a source of cellulase for used in food, paper, textile and other industries. The aim of this work is to seek a way of utilizing the waste water as source of enzymes as this will reduce the importation of these enzymes and make them available always. Cassava tubers were peeled, cut into cylindrical portions of about 3 5 cm and washed. Two hundred grams of the washed tubers were soaked in 5 liters of water and allowed to ret. The retting water was analyzed daily for titratable acidity, cyanide content, pH, cellulase activity and the microbial flora were isolated and identified. Results showed that titratable acidity rose from 0.20 to 2.76 mg g and cyanide content increased from 0.28 to 4.69 mg ml while pH fall from 7.2 – 6.0 tending acidic. Retting started on the 2nd day and complete retting was achieved on the 4th day. ß glucosidase activity rose from 0.05 to 8.0 µ mol, Filter paper activity increased from 0.06 to 7.5 µ mol and carboxyl methyl cellulase CMC activity increased from 0.05 to 7.7 µ mol. Ten organisms Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis, Citrobacter sp, Enterobacter aerogenes, Lactobacillus coryneformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus feacalis were isolated from the retting water. Daily increase in the enzyme activities showed that cassava retting when done in a large scale can yield large quantity of enzymes. This will reduce the importation of industrial enzymes and reduce the environmental pollution caused by the waste water. Umeh, S. O. | Nwiyi, I. U. | Dimejesi, S. A. | Ikele, M. O. | Ugwu, C. H. "Cassava Retting Water: An Alternative Source for Industrial Cellulase (Enzyme)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43889.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/43889/cassava-retting-water-an-alternative-source-for-industrial-cellulase-enzyme/umeh-s-o
Study on Characterization of Various Biofilms Prepared by Starch Isolated fro...ijtsrd
In the present study, the rhizome of Maranta arundinacea L., Arrowroot, was selected for a rich source of starch for the preparation of biofilm. Firstly, some physicochemical properties of the selected sample were determined by AOAC method. Furthermore, the elemental analysis of the selected sample was carried out by Energy Dispersive X ray Fluorescence EDXRF spectroscopy. Moreover, antimicrobial activities of various solvent extracts were examined by Agar well diffusion method on six tested organisms. And then, the qualitative determination of starch tests such as Iodine test and Tannic acid test were done. In addition, starch from Arrowroot powder was isolated and confirmed by FT IR spectrum. Finally, starch biofilms were prepared by using isolated starch and various ratios of plasticizers PVA, PEG, and Sorbitol. The characterizations of seven kinds of prepared biofilms were measured. Aye Mon Thida Nyo | Arnt Win | Baby San Chit Su | Mar Pi Myint | Phyu Phyu Khaing "Study on Characterization of Various Biofilms Prepared by Starch Isolated from Maranta Arundinacea L." Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26588.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/26588/study-on-characterization-of-various-biofilms-prepared-by-starch-isolated-from-maranta-arundinacea-l/aye-mon-thida-nyo
Blood glucose and lipid reducing activities of the oral administration of aqu...Alexander Decker
1. The study investigated the effects of repeated oral administration of an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on blood glucose and lipid levels in male Wistar rats over 56 days.
2. The extract significantly reduced blood glucose and serum lipid levels like total cholesterol and triglycerides in a dose-dependent manner. It also significantly increased HDL cholesterol.
3. The extract maintained or slightly reduced body weight in the rats. It significantly reduced food intake, which may be due to effects on appetite or metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract.
This document analyzes the chemical composition of different parts of the passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), including the seed, pulp (juice), inner coat, and outer coat. Key findings include:
- The seed had the highest ash, protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrate content as well as total energy. The juice had the highest moisture and vitamin C content.
- Minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, and manganese were most concentrated in different parts. No mineral ratios met ideal levels.
- Sugars like maltose were above 1.0 in the inner coat, while others were low. Correlation analyses found
ABSTRACT- Cassava leaves (Mannihot esculenta Crantz) are largely consumed as vegetable in African, but contain a toxic compound, cyanide. The present study explored the assay for liver enzymes on adult Wistar rats. Twelve’s adult Wistar rats weighing 110-150g were distributed into three groups of four rats each. Groups 2 and 3 were administered orally with M. esculenta leaf aqueous extract at 0.2ml and 0.5ml respectively for 14 days. Group 1 was control and received 0.3ml of normal saline. The effect of aqueous extract of M. esculenta on the body weight, liver enzyme was evaluated. After the end of the administration (day 14), the weight were taken before sacrificed the next day. Rat’s liver were excised and fixed in 10% formal saline, then processed for rapid routine paraffin embedding. Our results showed significant difference (p<0.05)><0.05) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in animals treated with 0.2ml and 0.5ml of the extract relative to the control. From the results of this study, it may be concluded that the administration of aqueous extract of Mannihot esculenta leaf is toxic to Wistar rats at the dose administered.
Key-words- Wistar rats, SEM, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF Pentadiplandra brazzeana STEM BARKSubmissionResearchpa
Plants are the cheapest and indispensable constituents of human diets supplying the body nutrients (carbohydrates, protein, fats, amino acids, vitamins) necessary for growth and body development. Therefore, this work was designed to examine the proximate and mineral composition of Pentadiplandra brazzeana stem bark (PBSB). Proximate composition of PBSB revealed the presence of 8.75 % moisture, 91.25 % dry matter, 6.43 % crude protein, 41.03 % crude fibre, 5.70 % ether extract, 12.11 % ash, 17.82 (g/100 g) carbohydrates, 0.47 % total reducing sugar and 632.2 Kj/100g energy respectively. Results on mineral analysis shows that PSSB is abundant in calcium (73.84 mg/100g) followed by phosphorus (41.55 mg/100g), magnesium (32.56 mg/100g), sodium (28.11 mg/100g), zinc (17.56 mg/100g), manganese (10.88 mg/100g), potassium (9.47 mg/100g) and copper (2.33 mg/100g). In order of mineral abundance in PBSB Ca ˃ phosphorus ˃ magnesium ˃ sodium ˃ zinc ˃ manganese ˃ potassium ˃ copper. It was concluded that PBSB is low in protein, energy and some minerals (copper and potassium). by Alagbe, J.O, Shittu, M. D, Bamigboye Samson. O and Oluwatobi, A.O 2020. PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF Pentadiplandra brazzeana STEM BARK. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 114-118. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.844. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/844/805 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/844
Evaluation of Bioactive Compound from Cashew Apple Juice by Gas Chromatograph...BRNSS Publication Hub
Cashew, Anacardiu moccidentale L. belongs to the family Anacardiaceae, it originates from south and central America. It produces a pseudocarp on which the nut is attached. This study was aimed to investigate the presence of bioactive phytochemical constitutions of A. moccidentale. A. moccidentale L. of methanolic extracts gives up to different phytocomponents was confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrum analysis. The bioactive compounds such as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, tetradecanoic acid, and 9-octadecadienoyl acid (Z, Z)- were also present in cashew apple (CA). However, these compounds are used in same ayurvedic medicine of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticholesterol, and anticancer activities. The results ensured that the biowaste CA is a good source of various bioactive compounds which can be used to develop nutritious value-added food and beverages.
Proximate analysis and in-vitro gas production of predominant forages in Afe ...IJEAB
This document analyzed the proximate composition and in-vitro gas production of predominant forages in Afe Babalola University rangeland in Nigeria to evaluate their potential as feed resources for ruminant production. Key findings include:
- Crude protein content ranged from 12.2% to 27.3% among the forages, meeting the nutritional requirements of ruminants.
- Gas production during in-vitro fermentation ranged from 4.0 to 13.3 ml/200mg DM at mid-fermentation and 9.0 to 22.67 ml/200mg DM at termination, varying significantly among forage types.
- Most of the forages were found to be adequate in crude
Nutrient and Bioactive Potentials of some Agricultural Food WastesPremier Publishers
The current research investigated the proximate, mineral content and phytochemical constituents of five (5) food wastes, namely: Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) seed peels and pod; Artocarpus camansi (breadnut) seed peels and creamy pulp and Mucuna urens (horse eye bean) seed peels. The results of the proximate analysis of the food wastes revealed that the samples have varying percentage range of 51.70-70.25 for carbohydrate, 7.35-11.90 for protein, 1.90-6.20 for fat, 2.80-11.60 for fiber, 3.40-15.25 for ash and 4.40-18.15 for moisture. The percentage carbohydrate content showed that pumpkin seed peel had the lowest yield while pumpkin pod peel had the highest. The result of the mineral analysis revealed that the five food wastes analysed contain Zn, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Na, however, the levels of Fe, Ca, P and Mg were significantly higher (p<0.05) relative to the other minerals. The phytochemical estimation of the samples showed that the food wastes contain several bioactive compounds in different concentrations. Some of the phytochemicals found in the food wastes are spartein, phytate, anthocyanin, tannin, lunamarin, ribalinidine, catechin, rutin, kaempferol, oxalate, epicatechin, phenol and sapogenin. This study revealed that these food wastes possess some nutritive and medicinal potential.
The Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Phytochemical Natural Constituen...ijtsrd
In almost the whole universe, solutions from active ingredients of plants are readily used in the treatment of various kinds of diseases. Different medicinal plants possess diverse therapeutic potential as no single plant has all the medicinal properties. Many of the medicinal potentials of plants used in folkloric medicine have been subjected to scientific investigation and this has warranted their widespread use as an alternative or complement to orthodox medicines. However, the medicinal potential of African flora is yet to be fully explored. Some plants of the African vegetation are still being discovered for their medicinal properties. This study was aimed at determining the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition of ethanol extract of Solanum aethiopicum leaf. Phytochemical analyses of crude extracts revealed the presence of alkanoids, glycosides and tannin in all while the fractions had terpanoids among others in relative proportions spectrophotometrically. Eze, H. C | Ozoh, C. N | Ike, Gloria Chinelo "The Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Phytochemical Natural Constituents of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Solanum Aethiopicum" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47718.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/47718/the-quantitative-and-qualitative-analysis-of-phytochemical-natural-constituents-of-ethanolic-leaf-extracts-of-solanum-aethiopicum/eze-h-c
Studies on Lysine Accumulation in the Broth Culture of Bacillus Species using...ijtsrd
Lysine production in the broth culture of Bacillus species using carbohydrates as carbon source and seed meals as nitrogen source was investigated. Different carbohydrate and proteins seeds were sourced from an open market in Awka Anambra State South Eastern Nigeria and prepared in the laboratory using standard procedures. The carbohydrates carbon source and seed meals nitrogen source were added into Erlenmeyer flasks containing the basal medium and inoculated with different cultures of Bacillus subtilis PR13, B. subtilis PR9 and B. pumilus SS16. Maize hydrolysate recorded the highest reducing sugar 5.2mg ml , followed by sorghum 4.8mg ml and the least was recorded by sweet potato 2.1mg ml .The best carbon source for maximum lysine yield by B. subtilis PR13 was millet, while for B. subtilis PR9 and B. pumilus SS16 it was sorghum respectively. Maximum lysine production by B. subtilis PR13 was stimulated at a millet concentration of 6 , while enhanced lysine yield by B. subtilis PR9 and B. pumilus SS16 was observed at a sorghum concentration of 6 . The best nitrogen source for enhanced lysine yield by B. subtilis PR13 and B. pumilus SS16 was soyabean meal respectively, while for B. subtilis PR9 the best was peanut meal. Optimum lysine yield by B. subtilis PR13 and B. pumilus SS16 was observed at soyabean concentrations of 4 and 2 respectively, while maximum lysine accumulation by B. subtilis PR9 was observed at 4 . These findings indicate appreciable lysine production capability of Bacillus species when agricultural products are used as carbon and nitrogen sources. Okpalla J. | Ekwealor I. A. "Studies on Lysine Accumulation in the Broth Culture of Bacillus Species using Carbohydrates as Carbon Sources and Seed Meals as Nitrogen Sources" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21444.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/21444/studies-on-lysine-accumulation-in-the-broth-culture-of-bacillus-species-using-carbohydrates-as-carbon-sources-and-seed-meals-as-nitrogen-sources/okpalla-j
Digestibility level of cacao waste fiber fraction fermented with indigenous m...AI Publications
This document summarizes a study on the digestibility of cacao waste fiber fractions fermented with indigenous microorganisms in sheep. Sixteen sheep aged 6-12 months were fed one of four ration treatments: A) 40% concentrate and 60% forage, B) 40% concentrate, 30% grass, and 30% fermented leaves, C) 40% concentrate, 30% grass, and 30% fermented cacao rind, or D) 40% concentrate, 30% grass, 15% fermented leaves, and 15% fermented cacao rind. The study found that fermenting cacao waste improved fiber fraction digestibility and increased sheep weight gain compared to the control group fed only forage
Liver Histological Response of Hyperlipidemic Male Rat (Rattus norvegicus) to...AI Publications
The leaf of lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.) contains compounds that are expectedly antihyperlipidemic. This study aims to determine the liver histological response to the lakum leaf extract and its effect on the levels of SGOT and SGPT in hyperlipidemic male rats (Rattus norvegicus). The male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups. P0 was a group of rats that were given standard feed, P1 was a group that were fed with high fat diet, P2 was a group that were fed high fat diet and lakum leaf extract with a dose of 40mg/200g BW (body weight)/day, and P3 was a group were fed high fat diet and simvastatin at a dose of 0.18mg/200g BW/day. High fat diet was given for 30 days, whilst treatments were implemented for 28 days. The histological descriptions showed that the hepatocyte cell repair occurred in the treatment group that was given lakum leaf extract but there were no significant differences in liver weight as well as SGOT and SGPT levels. Lakum leaf extract can be used as an antihyperlipidemic agent whilst maintaining the histology of hepatocytes and would not interfere with the liver function of the hyperlipidemic male rats.
Similar to Nutritive Evaluation, Mineral Composition and Phytochemical Analysis of Leaf Protein Concentrates of Daucus carota (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26427 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 768
agriculture alone this is duetorapidaccelerationdemand for
food production in most underdeveloped countries of the
world and as a result of the requirement for additional
source of protein, leaf protein concentrates should be given
serious attention because leaves areabundantlyavailableall
the year round in most countries that this problem are
widespread and many have high protein content with
suitable additional food ingredients.
Daucus carota is a biennial plant that belongs to Apiaceae or
Umbelliferae family and grows up to 0.6 m (2ft) by 0.3 m
(1ft in) at a medium rate. It is mostly grown in the northern
part of Nigeria by Hausa tribe (most especiallyaround major
cities in Jos, Plateau State). The plant usually flowerbetween
June to August, and the seeds ripen around August to
September. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and
heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. The wild
carrot is an aromatic herb that has diuretic power, soothes
the digestive tract and stimulates the uterus. It is wonderful
cleansing medicine, that supports the liver, stimulates the
flow of urine and enhances the removal of waste by the
kidneys. Carrot leaves contain significant amounts of
porphyrins, which stimulate the pituitary gland and lead to
the release of increased levels of sex hormones. A warm
water infusion of the flowers of Daucus carota has also been
used in the treatment of diabetes (Mahammad, S. B., Tripthi,
S. S. and Karunakar H. 2017).
Numerous research investigations about the economic
importance, medicinal potential and nutritional benefit
derivable from Daucus carota arefound intheliteraturesuch
as the abundance of beta-carotene with higher tendency of
lowering the risk of cancer and leukemia, (Zaini, R., Clench,
M.R. and Maitre, C.L. 2011), Dias, J.S. (2012) and Dias, J.S.
(2012), presence of good proportion of antioxidant
significant amount of various minerals,abilitytolowerblood
pressure, diabetics control (Megan 2017). But, the leaf
protein concentrates of this plant has not been given
prominent attention. It is therefore, the objectives of this
paper to evaluate the dietary constituents and mineral
composition of Daucus Carota leaf protein concentrates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sample Preparation:
Fresh green leaves of the Daucus carota were obtained from
a Riyom carrot garden situated very close to National
Muzeum in Jos Plateau state. The leaves were washed with
distilled water and pulped by passing it through the locally
produced mincer. The pulp was collected and strained
through a cotton cloth followed by screw press. The green
juice obtained from straining the pulp through the cotton
cloth, was heated between 850C – 900C by steam injection,
which resulted in coagulation of all the protein present
within the pulp. The Coagulum was then centrifuge fromthe
rest of the solution, pressed, pulverized and air dried for
further chemical analysis.
Proximate Analysis
Proximate analysis of Daucus Carota leafproteinconcentrate
was carried out as follows:
Moisture content determination:
Two grammes (2g) of the fresh sample of Daucus carota leaf
concentrates was placed in the crucible and heated at 1050C
until a constant weight was attained. The moisture content
was calculated as loss in weight of the original sample and
expressed as percentage moisture content (FAO, 1980).
Determination of crude protein:
Kjeldahl method was used for the determination of crude
protein with slight modification 1.0g of Daucus carota leaf
concentrates was digested with 2.5ml of concentrated
sulphuric acid in the presence of Kjeldahl catalyst. The
nitrogen from the protein in the sample was converted to
ammonium sulphate that reacted with 2ml of 2.5% Brucine
reagent, 2.5ml of 98% sulphuric acid to give a coloured
derivative and the absorbance read at 470nm. The
percentage nitrogen was calculated andmultipliedby 6.25to
obtain the value of the crude protein (AOAC 1990).
Estimation of crude fat:
This estimation crude fat was performed using the Soxhlet
extraction method. 5g of Daucus carota leaf concentrates
were weighed and wrapped with a filter paper and placed in
a thimble. The thimble was covered with cotton wool and
placed in the extraction column that was connected to a
condenser. 150ml of n – Hexane was used to extract thelipid
(AOAC 1990).
Determination of crude fibre:
The estimation was done using the method of AOAC(1990),
10g of the Daucus carota leaf concentrates and 220ml of
1.25% H2SO4 were heated for 25min and filtered with a
Buchner funnel. Theresidue was washed withdistilledwater
until it was acid free. 220ml of 1.25% NaOH was used to boil
the residue 30min, it was filtered and washed several times
with distilled water until it was alkaline free. It was then
rinsed once with 10% HCl and twice with ethanol. Finally it
was rinsed with petroleum ether three times. The residue
was put in a crucible and dried at 1050C in an oven
overnight. After cooling in desiccators, it was ignited in a
muffle furnace at 5500C for 90 minutes to obtain the weight
of the ash.
Determination of ash content:
The total ash content of a substance is the percentage of
inorganic residue remaining after the organic matter has
been ignited 5g of the pulverized Daucus carota leaf
concentrates samples was placed in a crucible and ignited in
a muffle furnace at 5500C for 6 hours. It was then cooled in
desiccators and weighed at room temperature to get the
weight of the ash.
Determination of Nitrogen free extractive:
The Nitrogen free extractive content was determined by
subtracting the summed up percentage compositions of
moisture, protein, lipid, fibre, and ash contents from 100
(Otitoju, 2009).
Analysis of Mineral Content:
Five grams (5g) of the sample was ashed on a muffle furnace
at 5500C for 12 hours, the resulting ash was cooled in
desiccators. The ash was dissolved in 2ml of concentrated
HCL and few drops of concentrated HNO3 were added, the
resulting solution was evaporated almost to dryness in
water bath. The content was diluted to the mark level in
100ml volumetric flask with distilled water. Bulk scientific
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to
determine each metal reported for the sample after the
appropriate dilutions were made for each element.
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Phytochemical Analysis
Determination of Tannin content: Tannin contents of the
Sample were determined using method described by Price
and Butter 1977. 5g of plant samples is added 30 min. after
filtration, the solution is further transferred to a 30ml flask
and water was added to 50ml. 5ml aliquots are finally
transferred to vials, l ml, 1% K3Fe(CN)6 and l ml 1%. FeCl3
are added and water is added to make 10ml volume. After 5
min, the solutions are measured spectrophotometrically at
720nm. The actual tannin concentrations are calculated on
the basis of the absorbance values obtained for the standard
solution in range 5-25mg /10ml.
Determination of Saponin content
The method described by ObadoriandChuko2001 was used
for determination of saponin. 10g of powdered samples is
located into 150ml of 20% aqueous ethanol.Thesamples are
located with continuous stirring at 550c for 4 hours. The
mixture was filtered and the residue is extracted with
another 200ml of 20% ethanol. The combined extracts were
concentrated to 40ml over water bath at about 900c. The
concentrate is extracted with 200ml of diethyl ether. The
aqueous layer is recovered whiletheetherlayeris discarded.
The purification process is repeated; 50ml of n-butanol is
added. The combined n-butanol extracts are washed twice
with 10ml of 5% aqueous sodium chloride. The remaining
solution is located in water bath. After evaporation the
sample is dried in the oven to a constant weight and the
saponin content is calculated as percentage.
Determination of Alkaloid
The total alkaloid contents of the samples were determined
by method described by Manjunath et al.. 2012. The sample
extract was dissolved in 2N HCl and then filtered. 1ml of this
solution was transferred to separating funnel and washed
with 10ml chloroforon. The pH of phosphate buffer solution
was adjusted to neutral with 0.1N NaOH. 1ml of this solution
was transferred to a separating funnel and then 5ml of
phosphate buffer and the complex formed was fractioned
with chloroform by vigorous shaking. The fractions were
collected in 10ml volumetric flask and diluted to volume
with chloroform. The absorbance of the complex in
chloroform was measured at 470nm.
Determination of Flavonoid content
5g of Daucus carota leaf concentrate was weighed into
100ml plastic bottle and extracted repeatedly with 100ml of
80% aqueous ethanol at room temperature. It was then
filtered with Whatman filter paper into 100ml flask. This
filtrate was transferred into a crucible dish and evaporated
to dryness over a water bath. This was further dried in an
oven at 600c for 30 minutes and later cooled in desiccators.
Both the crucible and the content were weighed and
recorded (Ukpabi et al., 2013).
Determination of Total Phenolic Content
The fat free sample was boiled with 50ml of ether for 15
minutes. 5ml of the extract was pipette into a 50ml flask and
10ml of distilled water was added. 2ml of ammonium
hydroxide solution and 5ml of conc.alcoholwerealsoadded.
This sample was left to react for 30 minutes for colour
development. The absorbance of the solutionwas read using
a spectrophotometer at 500nm. A blank sample for each
extract was used for background subtraction. A standard
phenol was prepared as 0.005mg/l and absorbance
measured the total phenolic content was expressed as
mg/100g
Result and Discussion
Table 1: Proximate Composition of Daucus Carota leaf
Protein Concentrates
Parameter Value/g/100g
Moisture 8.69±0.03
Ash 19.69±0.02
Crude Fat 5.69±0.23
Crude Protein 18.38±0.08
Crude fiber 14.81±0.02
NFE 32.74±0.43
Table 1 present the results of proximate composition of
Daucus carota leaf protein concentrates. The sample
contained 8.69±0.03g/100g moisture content.Themoisture
in food determines the characteristics keeping quality; it
facilitates the rate of digestion assimilation and absorption
within the body. The moisture content of Daucus Carota leaf
protein concentrateis higher than(6.69g/100g)reported for
Telfaira occidentalis leaf protein concentrates by
(Akindahunsi and Salawu 2005) but lower than 9.94 ± 0.01g
/100g reported for Thaumatococcus danielli (Sodamade
2014). The low moisture content of the samples means that
there is a concentration of solutes and decreased ability to
perish ability (Fennema and Tannen Baum 1996).
Ash content of Daucus Carota leaf protein concentrates is
19.69±0.02g/100g the value is higherthan11.60g/100gand
11.37g /100g reported for two varieties of Ipomea batatas
leaf sample (Hard 1996). High ash content implied higher
availability of mineral in food. The value of ash content in
Daucus Carota agreed with those reported in literature for
some common green leafy vegetables. (Saiduand Adunbarin
1998).
Crude fat content of Daucus carota leaf protein concentrates
is 5.69±0.23g/100g. The values is lower than 6.80±
0.1g/100g and 6.81±0.49g/100g reported for leafy
vegetables of Solanum Microcarpon and Cochorus Olitorus
respectively (Adanlowo and Dairo2006).Fatdetermines the
proportion dietary energy available in food, it increase the
palatability due to capability of absorbing and retaining
flavours. Any foods capable of providing 1-2% of fat furnish
man with sufficient caloric energy. (Davidson et al., 1975).
Crude protein content of Daucus carota leaf protein
concentrate is 18.38±0.08, the value is lower than
24.85g/100g reported for sweet potato leaf protein
concentrates (Akindaunsi and Salawu 2005). It is also lower
than 52.07±0.20g/100g reported for Thaumatococcus
Danielli leaf protein concentrates (Sodamade 2014). The
value is lower than crude protein content reported forlentil,
cowpea and pigeon pea which are highly recommended as
substitute for animal protein (Kay, 1979).
Crude fibre content of Daucus Carota leaf protein
concentrates is 14.81±0.02g/100g. Significantproportionof
Fibre in food reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease,
coronary heart disorder, obesity and gastro intestinal
disorder. Crude fibre concentration of this sample is a true
prediction of the concentration of mineral element in the
sample. The value is lower than 28.60g/400g reported for
Amaranthus cruenthus (Oguntona 1988).
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Nitrogen free extract of Daucus Carota leaf protein
concentrate (32.74±0.43) is higher than 23.58±3.64/100g
and 1.12±0.43g/100g reported for the leaf protein
concentrates of Vernonia amygdalina and Thaumatococcus
danielli leaf protein concentrates respectively (Sodamade
2013 and 2014). The carbohydrates content shows that this
sample may not be suitable for those who want to cut down
on carbohydrate intake and for obese who need less
carbohydrate in their diet. This is because of excess glucose
as the end product of digestion of carbohydrates. (Nelson
and Cox 2000).
Table 2: Concentration of Mineral elements in Daucus Carota leaf protein concentrates (mg/100g).
Mineral Na K Ca P Mg Fe Cu Mn Zn Se Hg
Concentration
mg/100g
23.50
±0.22
9.72
±0.34
49.30
±0.87
40.10
±0.15
29.90
±0.07
16.25
±0.65
4.40
±0.43
0.60
±0.16
7.80
±0.27
0.20
±0.65
ND
Table 2 shows the various concentrations of minerals
present in Daucus carota leaf protein concentrates. The
concentration of sodium in the leaf protein concentrates of
Daucus carota is 23.50mg/100g. The value is lower than
500mg value of adults recommended daily allowance (NRC
1989) this shows that Daucus carota leafproteinconcentrate
can contribute 4.7% of the recommended daily allowance
implicating that the sample is good for hypertensive patient
but significant quantity of the sample must be eaten if the
recommended daily allowance has to be met by eating the
sample alone. Sodium is an important source of electrolyte
within the body but too much of sodium incombination with
chloride could lead to increase blood pressure.
Potassium concentration of the leaf protein concentrate of
Daucus Carota is 9.72mg/100g. The concentration of
potassium in this sample is lower than 100g reported for
astragalina leaves (Gafer et al., 2011). Potassium
concentration value in this sample is lower than
90.3±0.42mg/100g reported for Thaumatococus danieli by
(Sodamade, 2014). The recommended daily allowance of
potassium is 2000mg for adult (NRC, 1989). High amount of
potassium in the body was reported to increase iron
utilization (Adeyeye, 2002), beneficial to people to control
herpes and patient that suffer from excessive loss of
potassium through the body fluid (Arinathan et al., 2003).
Daucus Carota leaf protein concentrate is not viable to
function in this capacity due to significantly lower quantity
of potassium.
Calcium concentration of Daucus Carota leaf protein
concentrate is 49.30mg/100g while phosphorus
concentration is 40.10mg/100g. Calcium and phosphorous
are mostly required by children, pregnant and lactating
women for proper bone and teeth development. The values
of calcium and phosphorous concentration in DaucusCarota
leaf protein concentrate cannot furnish man with the
recommended daily allowance requirement of calcium and
phosphorous. However, it is important to stress that care
should be taken in the choice of calcium richer foods to
prevent kidney stones. Because, approximately 85% of
kidney stones issues are reported to originate
predominantly from calcium compounds. Kidney stones can
also be contacted through high level of oxalate and uric
acids, low levels of citrate and inadequate amount of
selenium (kidney stones overviewed 2008).
Daucus Carota leaf protein concentrates contain
29.90mg/100g of magnesium concentration. The value is
lower than 350mg recommended as daily requirement of
Adult magnesium and 170mg concentration of daily dietary
recommend allowance for children. Magnesium is very
important in calcium metabolism in bones and alsoinvolved
in prevention of circulatory disease of the heart. 58.5g of the
Daucus Carota leaf protein concentrate have to be eaten by
adult to meet recommended daily allowance of magnesium.
The concentration of Iron in Daucus Carota leaf protein
concentrate is 16.25mg/100g. The value is lower than
28.97±0.04mg/100g reported for astragalina leaves (Gafar
et al., 2011).The concentration of iron in Daucus Carota is
higher than the recommended dietary allowance of iron in
adult male and children (10mg) and 15mg per day of an
adult female (NRC 1989). Iron is required for the formation
of haemoglobin in man and animals. Deficiency of ironinthe
body leads to anaemia. (Adeyeye and Fagbohon, 2005) and
too much of iron in food could lead to increase in the blood
pressure level.
Daucus Carota leaf protein concentrate contain copper
concentration of 4.40mg/100g the concentration is higher
than 3mg per day recommended for adult and 2mg per day
recommended as daily allowance for children (NRC 1989).
Copper plays vital role in the biological transfer of electron
and production of enzymes in the body. Zinc concentration
in carrot leaf protein concentrates is 7.80mg/100g. Zinc
plays a major role in metabolic activity and foodassimilation
within the body it is also required for proper functioning of
reproductive system. The proportion of zinc in Daucus
Carota leaf protein concentrate is higher that reported by
Gafar et al., 2011 for astragalina leaf.
Manganese concentration is 0.60mg/100gthevalueis lower
compared to 2.50±0.88mg/100g reported for
Thaumatococcus danielli leaf protein concentrates by
Sodamade (2014). Manganese assist in the regulation of
blood sugar level, it is involve in the cell production, energy
and reinforce the immune system (Deborah 2008).
Mercury was not detected in the sample but selenium is
present in the concentration of 0.2mg/100g. Though the
concentration is very small too much of selenium, mercury,
cadmium and lead in food is not good because it could lead
to metal poisoning.
Table 3: Phytochemical Analysis of Daucus carota
Plant Constituents
W/W of phytochemical
mg/100g
Tannin 3.66±0.16
Saponin 4.34±0.06
Alkaloids 10.49±0.02
Oxalate 6.89±0.04
Phytate 14.62±0.05
Total Phenolics 3.75±0.82
Flavonoids 3.62±0.43
Terpenes 11.07±0.23
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The concentration of tannin in leaf concentrate of Daucus
carota is 3.66±0.16mg/100g one of the secondary
metabolites that protect human body against infectious
diseases is tannin. It exerts many physiological effects such
as accelerating blood clotting; it lowers blood pressure and
decrease the concentration of fat soluble materials on the
blood serum (Chinedu and Friday 2015).
Saponin concentration in Daucus Carota leaf protein
concentrate is 4.34±0.06mg/100g. The proportion is lower
that 59.11mg/100g reported for Gas chromatographic
analysis of Gongronema Latifolium Benth leaf (Chinedu and
Friday 2015). One of the low molecular weight substances
present in food is saponin. It is secondary metabolites
containing either a pentacyclic terpenoid or tetracyclic
steroidal which has diverse range of properties, some of
which are known to be determinedwhilesomearebeneficial
to human health (Haralampidis et al., 2002). saponins are
helpful in lowering blood cholesterol level while high
saponin in diet can cause dentalcaries inhibitionand platelet
aggregation. It is also an antidote against acute lead
poisoning. The proportion of saponin on this leaf
concentrates cannot cause any risk ofhealthhazard,because
the amount of saponin present in it is low.
The concentration of Alkaloids is Daucus carota is
10.49±0.02mg/100g. the value is higher than 1.16±0.09and
0.99±0.0 reported for two species of Solanum melongena
respectively by Agoreyo et al., 2012. Alkaloids are chemical
compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms which
occur naturally. It contains some substrates that are helpful
in prevention of malaria and antipyretic in nature. The
appreciable amount of alkaloid in this sample makes it
suitable in for some drug application.
Oxalate concentration is 6.89±0.04mg/100g oxalate
concentration is lower thanvalues reportedfortwovarieties
of Solanum melongena (41.72±0.6 and 23.97±0.5
respectively) by Agoreyo et al., 2012.
Too much of phytate and oxalate in food are dangerous
because they can bind most of the macro minerals in food
such as calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc making them
unavailable the level of oxalate in this leaf protein
concentrate is not high rendering it safe for consumption.
Phytate concentrationis 14.62±0.05mg/100g.itis alsolower
than that reported for the leaf of two varieties of Solanum
melongena. Total phenolics concentration is 3.75±0.82
phenols are derivatives of phenylalanine and it is often
controlled by dirigent proteins. Group of phenols are very
important in food because they have shown anti
inflammatory and anti oxidant activity in basic research
models of human diseases (Korkina et al., 2011).
Flavonoids concentration is 3.62±0.43mg/100g flavonoids
are known to inhibit lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation,
capillary permeability and fragility. It is also reported to
inhibit varieties of enzymes like hydrolases, phosphotase
and lipase (Cook and Samman 1996). Terpenes
concentration of Daucus carota leaf protein concentrates is
11.07±0.23mg/100g, the value fall in range with values
reports for total terpenes in Gongronema latifolium
(Chinedu and Friday 2015). Terpenes havebeenidentifiedas
high-valued chemicals in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals
and technological industries (Timmappa et al., 2014).
Conclusion
Carrot leaf protein constituent present values of significant
nutritional benefit and can find application in various food
additives, binders, flavonoids and vitamins. It could also be
used as additives in some drugs if the active compounds
present in it could be analysed to detect its suitability.
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