Theni districts could be considered one of the highest grapes producing area also export best quality of
Paneer dhrakshai Indian table grapes in Tamil Nadu. The research work focused to identify the nutritive compounds in
the grapes (Vitis vinifera) species which are a wonderful fruit having pulp content, vibrant color and exert an immense
health benefits. Grape fruits were found to be rich source of Anthocyanin content and vitamin C also macromolecules
contents such as carbohydrate contents of 29mg, Protein 18.7mg and fat content 3.7mg /100 g of f. wt. Micronutrients
were estimated by AAS which showed that calcium content was 3.1mg/g.f.wt, iron content 2.7 mg/g.f.wt, potassium 2.6
mg/g.f.wt found to be more than other minerals in fresh extracts of grape fruits. The comparative results of revealed
considerable amount of phytoconstituents in grape fruits in which anthocyanins alone has been taken to evaluate
therapeutic effects on breast cancer cell MCF-7 cell viability test was carried out to determine cell proliferation. The
results revealed presence of anthocyanins in high quantity in the process of purification through various biochemical
methods that could ultimately be used for preventing cancerous cell proliferation which reduces the development of
cancer diseases. On comparison Grapes (Vitis vinifera) may serve as functional food with vital pharmaceutical and
biological value.
Antimicrobial Properties of Different Parts of Citrallus Lanatus A Reviewijtsrd
Citrallus lanatus watermelon is a popularly studied fruit crop for its various medicinal application because of the presence of many bioactive compounds. The different parts of the plant especially the fruit pulp and seeds are reported to have many applications based on its antioxidant, anti plasmodial, anti inflammatory, antisecretory, antidiabetic properties. The antimicrobial aspects of different parts of Citrallus lanatus including the seeds, fruit pulp, rind and leaves are discussed in this study. The effectiveness of rind extract as antibacterial and anti fungal agent is of great potential since it is considered as a waste material after watermelon processing in industries. The present review aims to compile the antimicrobial action and the targeted microorganism so that the data can be used to stimulate further scientific research. Sruthi Menon "Antimicrobial Properties of Different Parts of Citrallus Lanatus - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30818.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/30818/antimicrobial-properties-of-different-parts-of-citrallus-lanatus--a-review/sruthi-menon
Phytochemical Screening, Nutritional Composition and Antimicrobial Activity o...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACTSubmissionResearchpa
Medicinal plants are abundant in phytochemicals that has significant therapeutic effects. They are relatively cheap, effective and safe in prolong use. This experiment was carried out to investigate the phyto-nutritional profile of broom weed (Sida acuta) leaf extract. Proximate analysis Sida acuta leaf indicated the presence of dry matter (91.88 %), crude protein (18.01 %), ash (9.73 %), crude fibre (6.24 %), ether extract (1.77 %) and energy (2760 Kcal/kg). Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, oxalate, phytate, alkaloids, terpenoids and glycosides at 0.82 %, 2.02 %, 4.25 %, 0.20 %, 0.17 %, 0.05 %, 0.23 %, 0.22 %, 0.95 % and 0.02 % respectively and the vitamin constituents are thiamine (0.33 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (30.17 mg/100g), riboflavin (0.05 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.79 mg/100g) and niacin (0.41 mg/100g). Mineral analysis showed that it contained calcium (127.6 mg/100g), phosphorus (78.6 mg/100g), potassium (31.6 mg/100g), magnesium (102.1 mg/100g), iron (2.14 mg/100g), manganese (0.60 mg/100g), copper (0.04 mg/100g) and zinc (1.75 mg/100g). Result on amino acid composition showed that they contained lysine (2.11 mg/100g), arginine (1.77 mg/100g), aspartic acid (2.13 mg/100g), threonine (1.85 mg/100g), histidine (4.71 mg/100g), serine (2.03 mg/100g), glycine (1.05 mg/100g), alanine (3.31 mg/100g), cystine (5.06 mg/100g), valine (0.88 mg/100g), leucine (2.04 mg/100g), phenyalanine (4.72 mg/100g), tyrosine (3.51 mg/100g), isoleucine (2.84 mg/100g), methionine (0.85 mg/100g) and proline (1.05 mg/100g). It was concluded that Sida acuta leaf extract is rich in various nutrients and phytochemicals conferring it the ability to perform multiple biological activities and as a natural alternative to antibiotics. by Shittu, M. D and Alagbe, J.O 2020. PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACT. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 119-124. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.845. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/845/806 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/845
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Comparative study between the effects of mango and orange peels preparations ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
Antimicrobial Properties of Different Parts of Citrallus Lanatus A Reviewijtsrd
Citrallus lanatus watermelon is a popularly studied fruit crop for its various medicinal application because of the presence of many bioactive compounds. The different parts of the plant especially the fruit pulp and seeds are reported to have many applications based on its antioxidant, anti plasmodial, anti inflammatory, antisecretory, antidiabetic properties. The antimicrobial aspects of different parts of Citrallus lanatus including the seeds, fruit pulp, rind and leaves are discussed in this study. The effectiveness of rind extract as antibacterial and anti fungal agent is of great potential since it is considered as a waste material after watermelon processing in industries. The present review aims to compile the antimicrobial action and the targeted microorganism so that the data can be used to stimulate further scientific research. Sruthi Menon "Antimicrobial Properties of Different Parts of Citrallus Lanatus - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30818.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/30818/antimicrobial-properties-of-different-parts-of-citrallus-lanatus--a-review/sruthi-menon
Phytochemical Screening, Nutritional Composition and Antimicrobial Activity o...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACTSubmissionResearchpa
Medicinal plants are abundant in phytochemicals that has significant therapeutic effects. They are relatively cheap, effective and safe in prolong use. This experiment was carried out to investigate the phyto-nutritional profile of broom weed (Sida acuta) leaf extract. Proximate analysis Sida acuta leaf indicated the presence of dry matter (91.88 %), crude protein (18.01 %), ash (9.73 %), crude fibre (6.24 %), ether extract (1.77 %) and energy (2760 Kcal/kg). Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, oxalate, phytate, alkaloids, terpenoids and glycosides at 0.82 %, 2.02 %, 4.25 %, 0.20 %, 0.17 %, 0.05 %, 0.23 %, 0.22 %, 0.95 % and 0.02 % respectively and the vitamin constituents are thiamine (0.33 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (30.17 mg/100g), riboflavin (0.05 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.79 mg/100g) and niacin (0.41 mg/100g). Mineral analysis showed that it contained calcium (127.6 mg/100g), phosphorus (78.6 mg/100g), potassium (31.6 mg/100g), magnesium (102.1 mg/100g), iron (2.14 mg/100g), manganese (0.60 mg/100g), copper (0.04 mg/100g) and zinc (1.75 mg/100g). Result on amino acid composition showed that they contained lysine (2.11 mg/100g), arginine (1.77 mg/100g), aspartic acid (2.13 mg/100g), threonine (1.85 mg/100g), histidine (4.71 mg/100g), serine (2.03 mg/100g), glycine (1.05 mg/100g), alanine (3.31 mg/100g), cystine (5.06 mg/100g), valine (0.88 mg/100g), leucine (2.04 mg/100g), phenyalanine (4.72 mg/100g), tyrosine (3.51 mg/100g), isoleucine (2.84 mg/100g), methionine (0.85 mg/100g) and proline (1.05 mg/100g). It was concluded that Sida acuta leaf extract is rich in various nutrients and phytochemicals conferring it the ability to perform multiple biological activities and as a natural alternative to antibiotics. by Shittu, M. D and Alagbe, J.O 2020. PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACT. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 119-124. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.845. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/845/806 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/845
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Comparative study between the effects of mango and orange peels preparations ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
The study was carried out to investigate the effect of the aqueous extracts of
Myristicafragrans(Nutmeg), Murrayakoenigi(curry leaf) and Aframomummelegueta(Guinea pepper) on Some
Biochemical and haematologicalParameters. Sixteen (16) wister strain rats weighing between 130 – 180g
were divided into four (4) groups of four (4) rats each and for 21 days fed the following diets: Group A –
normal diet + myristicafragrans (Nutmeg) aqueous extract, Group B – normal diet + murrayakoenigi (curry
leaf) aqueous extract, Group C – normal diet + aframomummelegueta (Guinea pepper) aqueous extract, Group
D – normal diet (control). After a period of 21 days the rats were sacrificed and the serum was taken for the
following estimations: total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alanine
transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and
glucose. The whole blood was taken for packed cell volume and white blood cell count. The results indicated
that oral administration of myristicafragrans, murrayakoenigi and aframomummelegueta to rat’s exhibit
remarkable hypolipidaemic activity and lowering glucose concentration. The oral administration of these
three spices exhibit protein increasing activities compared with the control rats. The packed cell volume and
white cell values of all the rats decreased after feeding with experimental diet (aqueous extract) compare
with the control rats. It is clear from this study thatMyristicafragrans(Nutmeg), Murrayakoenigi(curry leaf)
andAframomummelegueta (Guinea pepper) contain significant amounts of phytochemicals and exhibit
hypolipidaemic activity when consumed.
Is is a project proposal by which the antimicrobial and antioxidant property of Phyllanthus acidus will be explored that will open a new door for the innovation of new medicine.
Nutritional and Phytochemical Properties of Wild Black Plum (Vitex doniana) S...AI Publications
The present study explores the potential usefulness of wild black plum (Vitex donia) seed from Ebonyi State; by assessment of nutritional and phytochemical attributes of the seed which is usually discarded as waste after consumption of the fruit pulp. Fat and protein were the major nutrients found in the seed, with values of 36.52% and 27.57% respectively. Fatty acid profile showed that monounsaturated oleic acid (58.54%) and saturated palmitic acid (34.24%) are the predominant fatty acids of the seed oil; while amino acid profile showed that thrionine (7.55%) and methionine (6.22%) constitute the major essential amino acids; and proline (8.64%) and glutamic acid (7.33%), the major non essential amino acids. Total essential amino acid content of 37.17% was recorded, indicating that the seed can be considered a good source of essential amino acids. Ash content was 5.18% and is an indication that the wild seed contains reasonable amounts of minerals. In terms of phytochemicals, appreciable amounts of alkaloids (11.40mg/100g) and flavonoids (3.75mg/100g) were recorded, in addition to high level of phenolic compounds (170mg/100g) which suggests that the seed could possess good antioxidant properties. The above findings are indications that great potential exists for wild black plum seed as good source of nutrients and phytochemicals.
Phytochemical Analysis and Mineral Content of Ethanol Extract of Citrullus la...Premier Publishers
This study examined the phytochemical and elemental content of water melon (Citrullus lanatus) bark. The sample was spread in the laboratory to dry at room temperature after which it was grounded to get a coarse powder form using sterile mortar and pestle. The extracts (ethanol and aqueous) were subjected to phytochemical and elemental analysis using standard procedures. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloid, saponins, oxalates, flavonoids, steroid, phytates and glycoside while the quantitative phytochemical screening indicated the contents of tannins to be (1.360g/100g), alkaloid (3.965 g/100g), saponins (1.380 g/100g), oxalates (3.675 g/100g), flavonoids (1.145g/100g), steroid (1.080g/100g), phytates (3.160g/100g) and glycoside (4.490 g/100g). The elemental analysis showed that the extracts contains Ca (0.025±0.002mg/100g), K (0.065±0.001mg/100g), Fe (0.189±0.007mg/100g), Zn (0.263±0.005mg/100g), Mg (1.771±0.005 mg/100g), Mn (0.670 ±0.003mg/100g), Na (0.033±0.001mg/100g), and Cu (0.245±0.003mg/100g) however Cr was not detected. The results of this study showed that the ethanol extract of C. lanatus contain bioactive compounds which might be responsible for pharmacological actions of the plant and the plant can also serve as a source of mineral elements in diet.
Terry Exports LLP (TEL) is an Indian based premium moringa powder exports-oriented firm, which promotes, market and distributes moringa oleifera products of the highest quality to pharmaceutical/nutraceuticals, cosmetic, personal care, wellness, food, beverage and spa industries in the USA, Europe.
Therapeutic Properties and Nutritive Values of Some Fruit Bearing Medicinal P...Ram Sahu
The medicinal plants imparts chief role in protecting our health from various disease. It is nature’s gift to human being to live healthy life. Medicinal plants are believed to be much safer and proved as elixir in the treatment of various ailments. Medicinal plants used in Indian system of medicine from Rajasthan state have been surveyed and categorized systematically. The manuscript incorporated the therapeutic properties and nutritive values of medicinal plants of Rajasthan. The paper deals with 11 medicinal plants, thoroughly indexed along with their important traditional application for the cure of various ailments. This study also incorporates the ethno-botany and biological activities of these important plants
Studies on the Crude Extract of Moringa Oleifera Leaf for Preliminary Identif...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Phytochemical, Proximate and Nutrient Analysis of Cassia Tora Seedsinventionjournals
Recently Proximate analysis and phytochemical analysis and nutrient analysis of seeds of Cassia tora L. from the campus of Government Vidharbha Institute of Science and Humanity, Amravati had been investigated. The seeds sample contained tannin, saponin, protein, steriods, terpenoids, carbohydrate, alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides. Proximate analysis of moisture, ash, fat amd mineral analysis of calcium, magnesium, iron, nitrogen and solubility were check. The values of it is moisture (56%), cold water (52%), hot water (54%), 1%NaOH (43%), 1%HCl (61%), benzene +alcohol (35%), ash content (17%). These results indicate that the seeds of these Cassia tora L. contains mineral and nutrients elements that will be useful in nutrition. Also the existence of some phytochemicals like tannin, saponin and steroids illustrated medicinal action of the plant in its therapeutic uses. The result of their phytochemcial screening could justify the observed activities and validate their use in herbal medicine.
Extraction of Colorant From Dragon Fruit Peel and It's Application in a baker...Salemir Hossain
This is a project or thesis proposal presentation for B.Sc Engineering level on Extraction of Colorant From Dragon Fruit Peel and It's Application in a bakery Product. If any help is needed then contact on salemirhossainjust@gmail.com
Biochemical screening of pure honey and its antibacterial activity on some ba...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Study of Bioactive Components Present in Oil Extracted from Fenugreek Seed: R...AI Publications
A fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a native of India, and also found in Mediterranean region, southern Europe, Africa and western Asia. These seeds have their importance due to the medicinal properties as well as nutraceutical value present in their chemical composition. This fenugreek seeds were used for treating diabetes, menstrual cramps, cancer, heart related disease, skin and hair fall treatments, high per tension, weight loss, to increase milk supply in women who were breastfeeding. This seeds is found to be abundant in N-Dimethylaminomethyl, 1-ptoprnol, 2, 2-dimethyl-aceto, Aziridine,1,2,3-trimethyl-trans, 2-pentanone,4-hydroxy-4 meth, 2-trimethylsily-1,3-dithiane, 3-0-methyl-d-glucose, d-mannopyranoiside,uronate,Diazidine1,3,3-trimethyl,Methyl 4,8dimethylnonanoate There are numerous methods available on extraction of these compounds right from conventional (Maceration, Percolation, Reflux extraction, Soxhlet extraction, microwave assist extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, super critical fluid extraction, Pulsed electric field extraction, Enzyme assisted extraction, Ultrasound assisted extraction) apart from this some water based extraction technique may also use to extract bioactive compounds from fenugreek seeds. In present article a focus has been given to highlight importance of fenugreek seeds extract in terms of extraction of bioactive compounds and their probable application in the area of food and pharmaceuticals.
Functional, Chemical, and Phytochemical Properties of Soup Thickener Produced...BRNSS Publication Hub
Blends of 50:50 g of jackfruit seed flour (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and ofor seed flour (Detarium microcarpum) were mixed together, sieved to pass 0.25 mm sieve and packaged in an airtight container. The proximate composition of the flour sample was determined to be 9.78%, 19.25%, 6.50%, 2.75%, 7.06%, and 54.66% for moisture content, crude protein content, fat and oil content, crude fiber content, ash content, and carbohydrate content, respectively. Furthermore, the mineral contents of the flour sample were Ca (34.00 mg/kg), K (303.00 mg/kg), Na (3.0 mg/kg), Mg (37.00 mg/kg), and Zn (0.42 mg/kg), respectively. Phytochemical values were also determined to be 0.42%, 1.00%, 2.80%, 1.60%, 0.82 mg/g, and 23.00 μg/100 g for flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, saponin, phenol, and carotenoid, respectively. Furthermore, the functional properties of flour sample were determined to be 0.53 g/ml, 7.50%, 8.00%, 10.00%, 90.90%, 6.25%, 0.25%, and 95.00°C for bulk density, water adsorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foam capacity, foam stability, emulsification capacity, gelation capacity, and gelation temperature, respectively. The flour sample and cocoyam flour were also used as thickener for soup and were sensory evaluated. The result shows that there were no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) between them.
Protective Effect of Musa paradisiaca Fruit.pdfgynomark
Abstract: Musa paradisiaca often refereed as Banana is an ancient herbaceous flowering plant and the most earlier crop to be cultivated. It is one the important component of diet for all classes of people worldwide. All the parts of the plant is believed to have beneficial effects in different ailments and an excellent nutritional element. The present study was aimed to find the protective effect of Musa paradisiacal fruit extract on acute pancreatitis in rats.
Male Sprague dawley rats were randomly divided in to 4 groups. Control group with normal saline; disease control group where acute pancreatitis was induced by using a single dose of L-arginine (2.5g/kg b.w); Musa paradisiacal fruit extract were prophylactically administered before the induction of acute pancreatitis at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w orally in normal saline for 7 days. At the end of the study, blood samples and isolated pancreas were subjected to different pancreatic, antioxidant and inflammatory biomarker analysis. The remaining tissue was subjected to histopathological studies and DNA fragmentation assay for assessing the damage and protection of the tissues.
The results of the study revealed that prophylactic administration of the extracts reduced the amylase and lipase levels when compared to disease control group as well as improved the overall antioxidant status in a dose dependent manner. Further, the extracts also showed a protective effect against apoptosis.
In conclusion, the present study suggest that administration of Musa paradisiacal fruit extract exhibited a protective effect on acute pancreatitis and further investigation is required for its molecular based mechanisms.
Keywords: Musa paradisiacal, acute pancreatitis, free radicals, apoptosis.
The study was carried out to investigate the effect of the aqueous extracts of
Myristicafragrans(Nutmeg), Murrayakoenigi(curry leaf) and Aframomummelegueta(Guinea pepper) on Some
Biochemical and haematologicalParameters. Sixteen (16) wister strain rats weighing between 130 – 180g
were divided into four (4) groups of four (4) rats each and for 21 days fed the following diets: Group A –
normal diet + myristicafragrans (Nutmeg) aqueous extract, Group B – normal diet + murrayakoenigi (curry
leaf) aqueous extract, Group C – normal diet + aframomummelegueta (Guinea pepper) aqueous extract, Group
D – normal diet (control). After a period of 21 days the rats were sacrificed and the serum was taken for the
following estimations: total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alanine
transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and
glucose. The whole blood was taken for packed cell volume and white blood cell count. The results indicated
that oral administration of myristicafragrans, murrayakoenigi and aframomummelegueta to rat’s exhibit
remarkable hypolipidaemic activity and lowering glucose concentration. The oral administration of these
three spices exhibit protein increasing activities compared with the control rats. The packed cell volume and
white cell values of all the rats decreased after feeding with experimental diet (aqueous extract) compare
with the control rats. It is clear from this study thatMyristicafragrans(Nutmeg), Murrayakoenigi(curry leaf)
andAframomummelegueta (Guinea pepper) contain significant amounts of phytochemicals and exhibit
hypolipidaemic activity when consumed.
Is is a project proposal by which the antimicrobial and antioxidant property of Phyllanthus acidus will be explored that will open a new door for the innovation of new medicine.
Nutritional and Phytochemical Properties of Wild Black Plum (Vitex doniana) S...AI Publications
The present study explores the potential usefulness of wild black plum (Vitex donia) seed from Ebonyi State; by assessment of nutritional and phytochemical attributes of the seed which is usually discarded as waste after consumption of the fruit pulp. Fat and protein were the major nutrients found in the seed, with values of 36.52% and 27.57% respectively. Fatty acid profile showed that monounsaturated oleic acid (58.54%) and saturated palmitic acid (34.24%) are the predominant fatty acids of the seed oil; while amino acid profile showed that thrionine (7.55%) and methionine (6.22%) constitute the major essential amino acids; and proline (8.64%) and glutamic acid (7.33%), the major non essential amino acids. Total essential amino acid content of 37.17% was recorded, indicating that the seed can be considered a good source of essential amino acids. Ash content was 5.18% and is an indication that the wild seed contains reasonable amounts of minerals. In terms of phytochemicals, appreciable amounts of alkaloids (11.40mg/100g) and flavonoids (3.75mg/100g) were recorded, in addition to high level of phenolic compounds (170mg/100g) which suggests that the seed could possess good antioxidant properties. The above findings are indications that great potential exists for wild black plum seed as good source of nutrients and phytochemicals.
Phytochemical Analysis and Mineral Content of Ethanol Extract of Citrullus la...Premier Publishers
This study examined the phytochemical and elemental content of water melon (Citrullus lanatus) bark. The sample was spread in the laboratory to dry at room temperature after which it was grounded to get a coarse powder form using sterile mortar and pestle. The extracts (ethanol and aqueous) were subjected to phytochemical and elemental analysis using standard procedures. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloid, saponins, oxalates, flavonoids, steroid, phytates and glycoside while the quantitative phytochemical screening indicated the contents of tannins to be (1.360g/100g), alkaloid (3.965 g/100g), saponins (1.380 g/100g), oxalates (3.675 g/100g), flavonoids (1.145g/100g), steroid (1.080g/100g), phytates (3.160g/100g) and glycoside (4.490 g/100g). The elemental analysis showed that the extracts contains Ca (0.025±0.002mg/100g), K (0.065±0.001mg/100g), Fe (0.189±0.007mg/100g), Zn (0.263±0.005mg/100g), Mg (1.771±0.005 mg/100g), Mn (0.670 ±0.003mg/100g), Na (0.033±0.001mg/100g), and Cu (0.245±0.003mg/100g) however Cr was not detected. The results of this study showed that the ethanol extract of C. lanatus contain bioactive compounds which might be responsible for pharmacological actions of the plant and the plant can also serve as a source of mineral elements in diet.
Terry Exports LLP (TEL) is an Indian based premium moringa powder exports-oriented firm, which promotes, market and distributes moringa oleifera products of the highest quality to pharmaceutical/nutraceuticals, cosmetic, personal care, wellness, food, beverage and spa industries in the USA, Europe.
Therapeutic Properties and Nutritive Values of Some Fruit Bearing Medicinal P...Ram Sahu
The medicinal plants imparts chief role in protecting our health from various disease. It is nature’s gift to human being to live healthy life. Medicinal plants are believed to be much safer and proved as elixir in the treatment of various ailments. Medicinal plants used in Indian system of medicine from Rajasthan state have been surveyed and categorized systematically. The manuscript incorporated the therapeutic properties and nutritive values of medicinal plants of Rajasthan. The paper deals with 11 medicinal plants, thoroughly indexed along with their important traditional application for the cure of various ailments. This study also incorporates the ethno-botany and biological activities of these important plants
Studies on the Crude Extract of Moringa Oleifera Leaf for Preliminary Identif...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Phytochemical, Proximate and Nutrient Analysis of Cassia Tora Seedsinventionjournals
Recently Proximate analysis and phytochemical analysis and nutrient analysis of seeds of Cassia tora L. from the campus of Government Vidharbha Institute of Science and Humanity, Amravati had been investigated. The seeds sample contained tannin, saponin, protein, steriods, terpenoids, carbohydrate, alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides. Proximate analysis of moisture, ash, fat amd mineral analysis of calcium, magnesium, iron, nitrogen and solubility were check. The values of it is moisture (56%), cold water (52%), hot water (54%), 1%NaOH (43%), 1%HCl (61%), benzene +alcohol (35%), ash content (17%). These results indicate that the seeds of these Cassia tora L. contains mineral and nutrients elements that will be useful in nutrition. Also the existence of some phytochemicals like tannin, saponin and steroids illustrated medicinal action of the plant in its therapeutic uses. The result of their phytochemcial screening could justify the observed activities and validate their use in herbal medicine.
Extraction of Colorant From Dragon Fruit Peel and It's Application in a baker...Salemir Hossain
This is a project or thesis proposal presentation for B.Sc Engineering level on Extraction of Colorant From Dragon Fruit Peel and It's Application in a bakery Product. If any help is needed then contact on salemirhossainjust@gmail.com
Biochemical screening of pure honey and its antibacterial activity on some ba...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Study of Bioactive Components Present in Oil Extracted from Fenugreek Seed: R...AI Publications
A fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a native of India, and also found in Mediterranean region, southern Europe, Africa and western Asia. These seeds have their importance due to the medicinal properties as well as nutraceutical value present in their chemical composition. This fenugreek seeds were used for treating diabetes, menstrual cramps, cancer, heart related disease, skin and hair fall treatments, high per tension, weight loss, to increase milk supply in women who were breastfeeding. This seeds is found to be abundant in N-Dimethylaminomethyl, 1-ptoprnol, 2, 2-dimethyl-aceto, Aziridine,1,2,3-trimethyl-trans, 2-pentanone,4-hydroxy-4 meth, 2-trimethylsily-1,3-dithiane, 3-0-methyl-d-glucose, d-mannopyranoiside,uronate,Diazidine1,3,3-trimethyl,Methyl 4,8dimethylnonanoate There are numerous methods available on extraction of these compounds right from conventional (Maceration, Percolation, Reflux extraction, Soxhlet extraction, microwave assist extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, super critical fluid extraction, Pulsed electric field extraction, Enzyme assisted extraction, Ultrasound assisted extraction) apart from this some water based extraction technique may also use to extract bioactive compounds from fenugreek seeds. In present article a focus has been given to highlight importance of fenugreek seeds extract in terms of extraction of bioactive compounds and their probable application in the area of food and pharmaceuticals.
Functional, Chemical, and Phytochemical Properties of Soup Thickener Produced...BRNSS Publication Hub
Blends of 50:50 g of jackfruit seed flour (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and ofor seed flour (Detarium microcarpum) were mixed together, sieved to pass 0.25 mm sieve and packaged in an airtight container. The proximate composition of the flour sample was determined to be 9.78%, 19.25%, 6.50%, 2.75%, 7.06%, and 54.66% for moisture content, crude protein content, fat and oil content, crude fiber content, ash content, and carbohydrate content, respectively. Furthermore, the mineral contents of the flour sample were Ca (34.00 mg/kg), K (303.00 mg/kg), Na (3.0 mg/kg), Mg (37.00 mg/kg), and Zn (0.42 mg/kg), respectively. Phytochemical values were also determined to be 0.42%, 1.00%, 2.80%, 1.60%, 0.82 mg/g, and 23.00 μg/100 g for flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, saponin, phenol, and carotenoid, respectively. Furthermore, the functional properties of flour sample were determined to be 0.53 g/ml, 7.50%, 8.00%, 10.00%, 90.90%, 6.25%, 0.25%, and 95.00°C for bulk density, water adsorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foam capacity, foam stability, emulsification capacity, gelation capacity, and gelation temperature, respectively. The flour sample and cocoyam flour were also used as thickener for soup and were sensory evaluated. The result shows that there were no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) between them.
Protective Effect of Musa paradisiaca Fruit.pdfgynomark
Abstract: Musa paradisiaca often refereed as Banana is an ancient herbaceous flowering plant and the most earlier crop to be cultivated. It is one the important component of diet for all classes of people worldwide. All the parts of the plant is believed to have beneficial effects in different ailments and an excellent nutritional element. The present study was aimed to find the protective effect of Musa paradisiacal fruit extract on acute pancreatitis in rats.
Male Sprague dawley rats were randomly divided in to 4 groups. Control group with normal saline; disease control group where acute pancreatitis was induced by using a single dose of L-arginine (2.5g/kg b.w); Musa paradisiacal fruit extract were prophylactically administered before the induction of acute pancreatitis at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w orally in normal saline for 7 days. At the end of the study, blood samples and isolated pancreas were subjected to different pancreatic, antioxidant and inflammatory biomarker analysis. The remaining tissue was subjected to histopathological studies and DNA fragmentation assay for assessing the damage and protection of the tissues.
The results of the study revealed that prophylactic administration of the extracts reduced the amylase and lipase levels when compared to disease control group as well as improved the overall antioxidant status in a dose dependent manner. Further, the extracts also showed a protective effect against apoptosis.
In conclusion, the present study suggest that administration of Musa paradisiacal fruit extract exhibited a protective effect on acute pancreatitis and further investigation is required for its molecular based mechanisms.
Keywords: Musa paradisiacal, acute pancreatitis, free radicals, apoptosis.
nutrition importance of pomegranate peels.pdfJYOTI PACHISIA
Sustainable eating and zero-waste cooking has always been an integral part of gastronomy globally for ages. Yes, in recent times, this concept has grabbed our attention and most people believe in the ideal usage of an ingredient not just to decrease waste production but also to enjoy its benefits to the mellowest. Moreover, even studies have found that fruit and vegetable peels are a storehouse of nutrients that delivers indispensable health incentives. One such fruit blessed with a plethora of nutrients in its peel is pomegranate or anar, which has been used extensively for various health and beauty benefits in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. The peels are dried out and pounded into a fine powder which is steeped in hot water and relished as tea or mixed with water to make a fine paste and topically applied on the skin.
Thanks to its abundance of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and anti-inflammatory qualities, pomegranate peels can be added to your regular diet for augmenting overall health. So, the next time when you eat a pomegranate does not throw away the peels, instead store them to prepare powder.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Psidium Guajava against ...ijtsrd
The some plants have been good source of drugs for microbial resistance. The research for newer source of antibiotics is a global challenges in pharmaceutical companies. Present time plants are being extensively explored for harboring medicinal properties. Phytochemical are naturally occurring compounds present in the medicinal plants such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids and phenolic compounds. Psidium guajava is a phototherapeutic plant used in folk medicine and is believed to have active components that helps in treatment and management of various disease such as wounds, ulcers, etc. Guava extract has exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against microorganisms. This study investigates the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Psidium guajava leaf extracts. Antibacterial activity at the plant extract were determined against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. coli. Psidium guajava leaf extracts provided scientific evidence for the rational use of P. juajava leaves in prevention of disorders due to Presence of some useful phytochemicals and in the treatment of disease caused by some bacterial pathogens such as S. aureus, B. cereus, K. pneumonae, E. coli. The present work demonstrates the antimicrobial potential of Psidium guajava leaves extracts by using various solvents. Pooja Soudawat | Anand Verma "Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Psidium Guajava against Some Clinical Pathogens" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29134.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/29134/phytochemical-analysis-and-antibacterial-activity-of-psidium-guajava-against-some-clinical-pathogens/pooja-soudawat
Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Studies on Bambusa arundinacea a...SUS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
This study was formulated to check the phytochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial potential of
Bambusa arundinacea (Bamboo) and Mangifera indica (Mango) trees. Aqueous, ethanolic and
methanolic extracts were prepared from leaves of former and stem bark of later. The phytochemical
screening of the extracts showed the presence of various bioactive compounds such as
carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins and proteins in B. arundinacea, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins,
saponins, steroids and cardiac glycosides in M. indica. Total phenolic concentration and
percentage of free radical scavenging activity was more in ethanolic extracts of B. arundinacea and
M. indica followed by methanolic extracts and aqueous extracts. Highest percentage of ferric
reducing antioxidant power was found in ethanolic extracts and lowest in aqueous extracts indicates
that ethanolic extracts has more antioxidant potential than the other two extracts. Ethanolic extracts
of both plants had higher inhibition on the tested Gram positive (B. subtilis & S. aureus) as well as
Gram negative (E.coli & P. aeruginosa) bacteria evidenced from the zones of inhibition. M. indica
showed more therapeutic potential as compared to B. arundinacea and ethanolic as well as
methanolic extracts of both the tested plants were more effective than aqueous extracts due to better
extraction power of organic solvents. Overall study indicates that B. arundinacea and M. indica are
potential source of natural antioxidants, phytochemicals and antibacterials that can be used for the
development of novel drugs and may represent new source of antimicrobials with stable, biologically
active components that can establish a scientific base for further use in modern medicines.
Preliminary Studies on Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities...IJARIIT
Pharmaceutical industries are still in the hunt of effective scavengers for free radicals from the unexplored
medicinal plants. About 80,000 species of plants are utilized for treating various diseases in different systems of Indian
medicine. Many pharmaceutical companies giving importance in plant-derived drugs mainly due to the current widespread
belief that 'Green Medicine' is safe and more dependable than the costly synthetic drugs, which have adverse side effects.
The objective of the study is isolation of Phytochemical active constituents, Antidiabetic, antimicrobial and
antioxidant activities of the rare Antidiabetic medicinal plant Epaltes divaricata (Linn.) since the selected plant has varied
medicinal properties used in Ayurveda. This valuable plant is used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine to alleviate jaundice,
diabetes mellitus, urethral discharges and acute dyspepsia. It is also regarded as a diaphoretic, diuretic and a stimulating
expectorant.
The methanol extract of Epaltes divaricata L. showed excellent antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.
Phytochemical analysis was carried out for the same extract by two different standard methods and which confirmed the
presence of steroids, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds. Decreasing of postprandial hyperglycemia is a therapeutic
approach for treating diabetes mellitus. This can be achieved in current trends through the inhibition of carbohydrate
hydrolyzing enzymes such as alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase. Agents with α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory
activity are very useful as oral anti hypoglycemic agents for the control of hyperglycemia in patients who have diabetes
mellitus. In this study the methanol extract exhibited above 50% of inhibition in all standard concentration.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Nutritional Profile and Physicochemical Properties of Peach Varieties in Ethi...AJSERJournal
Nutritional and functional characteristics of fruits are related to their quality and are influenced by
genotype and ripening stage, and by environmental conditions and orchard management practices. The purpose of this
research was to test nutritional profile and selected physicochemical properties of different improved and adopted
peach varieties in Ethiopia and comparative study among varieties and between study varieties and standard
reference. The result got show that improved peach varieties greater amount of ash (4.3-5.51%), protein (4.34-6.05%),
fat (0.097-1.386%) and fiber (2.87-4.611%) than standard reference (0.263, 1.423, 0.427, and 1.20%, in the
aforementioned order) but lower in carbohydrate (84.411-89.90%) than standard of (96.678%). The mineral content
higher in K (0.48-1.182%), Ca (0.162-0.565 %), Mg (0.037-0.066%), Fe (16.33-159.2%) and Zn (2.43-8.84%) than
standard reference (0.942, 0.051, 0.071, 16.32, 3.213%), respectively except Na, Mg, Cu and Sulfur while the fruit
quality was revealed low moisture content which less water and medium vitamin C (3.99-5.55%) and TSS (8.36-
14.31%). We observed variation in proximate composition and mineral content among sixteen peach varieties.
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Effects of Leaf and Root Extracts o...inventionjournals
Crotalaria brevidens (slenderleaf) leaves and shoots are used as food and have medicinal properties when consumed by human beings. It also acts as an agent in promotion of suicidal germination of striga, a parasitic plant that is a major problem weed for maize and millet growers. In view of its medicinal importance, and there being increased tolerance of many microorganisms towards known antibiotics, there is a need to establish the anti microbial properties of extracts obtained from its roots, stem, leaf and other body parts against pathogenic microorganism. Even though this plant is reported to have immense medicinal value in treating stomach related ailments, malaria and many other tropical diseases, before this study little was known about the antimicrobial potentials of its roots, stem and leaves against three candidate microorganisms namely; Candida albicans, staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. This study was thus initiated to investigate (1) the antimicrobial effects of slenderleaf on Candida albicans, staphylococcus aureus and E. coli, and (2) establish the presence of phenols, steroids, glycosides, saponins, quinones, tannins, terpenoids and flavonoids in its crude leaf and root extracts. The plant roots and leaves used during these studies were collected, shade dried and blended to obtain a fine powder. Ethanol was used as the solvent to extract the pure components by dissolving 25g of leaves and 6g of roots separately in 150ml of ethanol in each case. After seven days, the extract was filtered and the filtrate put in a rotary evaporator to obtain a pure solid sample of the extract. A stock solution was made with 3g of the leaf extract that resulted by dissolving in 40ml distilled water making a concentration of 75mg/ml. the stock was diluted to 3.75mg/ml, 11.25mg/ml, 18.75mg/ml and 37.5mg/ml as 5%, 15%, 25% and 50% respectively. A control with distilled water (0%) was used. This was then replicated thrice to minimize variability and arranged in a completely randomized design. The screening of antimicrobial activity of crude extracts was done by measuring the zone of inhibition using agar diffusion method. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means separated and compared using least significance difference (LSD) at (p<0.05). There was a clear zone observed around the discs impregnated in the extract and transferred to the inoculated petri dishes. High inhibition was observed on Escherichia coli at a concentration of 37.5mg/ml. phytochemical screening showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, phenols, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides as secondary metabolites. The crude extracts obtained in these studies clearly indicated antimicrobial properties against the three tested microorganisms, and therefore there is need to determine the main active components for studies that may lead to the discovery of new natural drugs.
The Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activity Of Monsoon Plant-Clerodendrum S...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The increasing demands of convenient food have led to rapid growth in the ready-to-eat product category. Many of the food ingredients contain unsaturated fatty acids that are quite susceptible to quality deterioration, especially under oxidative stress. To combat this, the best strategy is addition of antioxidants. Also, natural antioxidants in the daily diet need to be encouraged in order to improve human health and prevent degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, coronary heart disease, neurogenetic disorders, cancer, atherosclerosis and inflammations by oxidation of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, DNA, etc. The DPPH method of free radical scavenging was carried out and the effect of the commercial, fresh, dried and cooked sample of Clerodendrum serratum were compared and calculated to check for its antioxidant activity. All samples showed antioxidant activity, highest being in cooked, followed by commercial, fresh and dried samples. Thus, it is advisable to consume the vegetable in cooked form at home as it shows highest radical scavenging power. The dried samples were over-heated, thereby showing minimum antioxidant activity.
A Comparative in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Annona Squamosa on Gram Posi...ijtsrd
Annona squamosa L is a multipurpose tree with edible fruits and is a source of the medicinal and industrial products. It is used as an antioxidant, antidiabetics, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, genetoxic, anti tumor, anti lice agent etc.Annona squamosa L belongs to the family Annonaceae commonly known as custard apple. Antimicrobial activity of combined methanolic leaf and seed extract of A.squamosa were evaluated against four bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Styphaloccocus aureus gram positive and E.coli, Pseudomonas aerogenosa by using cup and plate method. Maximum inhibition was found with 20mg ml concentration of combined extract as compare to separate leaf and seed extract against all the tested organism under investigation. The study suggest that maximum antibacterial activity was observed against gram negative organism i.e., E.coli and P.aerogenosa. Ms. Chetana D. Patil | Ms. Nikita Pawar | Mrs. Pooja S. Bhandare "A Comparative in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Annona Squamosa on Gram Positive & Gram Negative Microorganism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26630.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacognosy-/26630/a-comparative-in-vitro-antimicrobial-activity-of-annona-squamosa-on-gram-positive-and-gram-negative-microorganism/ms-chetana-d-patil
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Scientific researches and innovations have been the stepping stone for development of the world. It is then very important to engage in research today, especially for developing countries. Plants have been instrumental in the hands of scientific researchers today and used to improve the health systems of the world. Thus, the purpose of this review is to explore the medicinal potentials of the commonly known Waterleaf (Talinum trianguare), which has been extensively used in local communities in Nigeria and beyond, to treat/manage various human ailments which include regulation of blood sugar level, dropsy, oedema and body weight management, as well as for food and feed. This research will help to promote the utilization and cultivation of Waterleaf by the public, and as well serve as a vital tool on which further researches can be based upon and used to explore the different parts of the plant.
Similar to Screening and evaluation of medicinal properties of grape fruit varieties in theni district (20)
Producing a defect-free casting for a critical application is a challenging job mainly due to two factors.
Primarily due to trial and error approach towards the design of riser, runner, gates, sprue, mold cavity, core and
chapstics. The other factor is not being able to maintain a good quality of the melt. Defects are the results of a merger of
several causes. In this study, the authors have chosen to use a FEM based commercial software to design riser and
employ chills to eliminate or minimize the shrinkage defects. The use of chills promoted directional solidification such
that the shrinkage cavities moved along the solidification front and away from casting into the riser. Study is made on
use of blind riser, open riser and their influence on shrinkage porosity
Eco Friendly Extraction and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Cissus Quadra...EditorIJAERD
Cissus quadrangualaris plant yield fibers and all the parts of this plant can be utilized in many applications. In
recent days, textile industries are widely using plant fibers for numerous applications acquired from lots of resources. The
advantage of natural fibers is their continuous supply, easy and safe handling, and biodegradable nature. The usage of
enzymes in the textile industry consents the development of eco-friendly technologies in fiber processing and tactics to
improve the final product quality. In the present work, natural cellulosic fibers were extracted from Cissus quadrangualaris
plant using an eco-friendly method (amylase enzyme). The physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of Cissus
quadrangualaris fibers were reported in this paper. Further, the properties of CQSF ensured that it can play an imperative
role in the textile manufacturing industries
The sarcasm detection with the method of logistic regressionEditorIJAERD
The prediction analysis is approach which may predict future possibilities. This research work is based on the
sarcasm detection from the text data. In the previous time SVM classification is applied for the sarcasm detection. The SVM
classifier classifies data based on the hyper plane which give low accuracy. To improve accuracy for sarcasm detection
logistic regression is applied during this work. The existing and proposed techniques are implemented in python and results
are analysed in terms of accuracy, execution time. The proposed approach has high accuracy and low execution time as
compared to SVM classifier for sarcasm detection.
Experimental study on the use of locally produced ester base fluids at the dr...EditorIJAERD
Drilling fluids play an important role in the successful drilling applications of oil and gas wells. This role of
drilling fluid in oil exploration and exploitation activities is similar to the blood circulation in the human body according to
the some researches. The most commonly used drilling fluids are water based fluids in the drilling applications. In this study,
to investigate the performance of the ester-based drilling fluid in application of shale occurrence drilling was aimed. This
study therefore was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of shale occurrence on the rheological
properties of ester-based drilling fluid. The fluids used in this study were XB1000 refined from waste cooking oil as esterbased fluid and diesel oil refined from petroleum as oil-based fluid. Within this scope, experimental studies were conducted
to obtain some properties such as plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength. The results showed that plastic viscosity
increased as solid percentage increased in both samples and insignificant shale swelling between the two oil mud fluids
shows same tolerance level. Thus, the synthetic-based drilling fluids can be used as a suitable alternative to the oil-based
drilling fluids to curb environmental pollution.
Runoff modelling using hec hms for rural watershedEditorIJAERD
Due to climate change it is very essential to do hydrological modelling. Reliable models are essential for planning,
developmental works, prediction and safety of the population. Hydrological models are used to determine catchment
discharge/flow through an efficient way. HEC-HM (Hydrological engineering centre Hydrological modelling system) is
one of hydrological modelling tool developed by United States army corps of engineer (USACE) for event as well as for
continuous simulations. Models, especially continuous simulations are useful for future predictions of stream flow due to
land-use changes or extreme events phenomenon. In this study continuous hydrologic modellingwas carried out using
HEC HMS modelling tool.
Deficit and Constant Loss methods with Clark transform methods were selected. The calibrated model (period
1986-1988) was validated with data set of the period of 2009-2013. Study concluded that the model recommended and
can be used for stated River as decision support tool in the design and operation.
The several assets for high-speed data transmission over wireless uses the Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) as it is a multicarrier transmission scheme. A large number of narrow bandwidth carriers is
therefore adopted by the OFDM. Individually for an OFDM, each subcarrier is attenuated under the frequency-selective
and fast fading channel, therefore the resulting gain is high attenuation which leads to poor performance of all OFDM
subcarriers if the same fixed transmission scheme are used. Thus the main goal of the indicated paper is to grab an
understanding of the inequality between fixed & adaptive modulations schemes as the introduction of the adaptive
modulation. The need for the above system is to make use of the speaker's voice to check their character and control
approach to administrations, for example, voice dialing data administrations, voice send, and security control for secret
data. The performance of paperwork basically states that implementation of adaptive modulation is done into blocks of
adjacent subcarriers which is the result of dividing whole subcarriers. Therefore the equivalent modulation scheme which
is the calculation of average instantaneous signal to noise (SNR) is exercised to entire subcarriers of the equal block. The
OFDM system average bit error rate (BER) performance is observed here under fixed modulation and adaptive
modulation, and these modulation techniques are recorded by accepting the different inverse fast Fourier transforms
(IFFT) size and uncomplicated adaptive Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) strategy. The simulation in MATLAB
shows the results as the performance of fixed modulation is inferior to that of the BER performance of OFDM system
using adaptive modulation. The prospective adaptive modulation and coding Technique uses OFDM to manage the fixed
BER under changing the channel.
Soil health analysis for crop suggestions using machine learningEditorIJAERD
Indian economy is depending on agriculture. Agriculture is the main source of income for most of the
population. So farmers are always curious about yield prediction. Many factors are responsible like soil, weather, rain,
fertilizers and pesticides to increase yield production. Agriculture being a soil-based industry, an increase in yield can
only be attained by ensuring that the soil provides a balanced and an adequate supply of nutrients. Soil testing is pivotal
in understanding the deficiencies in soil and avoiding nutrient imbalance. This survey and study focuses on the different
soil types, crop types and soil test reports. Soils are complex mixtures of air, water, minerals, organic matter, and
countless organisms that are the decaying remains of once-living things. We can say soil is an important ingredient of
agriculture. There are several types of soils and each type of soil can have different kinds of features and different kinds
of crops grow on different types of soils. We must know which type of crop is go better in our soil. We can apply machine
learning techniques to classify soil and to predict the crop suitable.
Ik analysis for the hip simulator using the open sim simulatorEditorIJAERD
The model of the project to create a detailed assembly of muscles spotting the hip joint. Additional muscles
and combinations were added to the baseline lower extremity assemblies currently available in OpenSim. The geometry
of the muscles was adjusted to pair moment arms reported here. The slack moment and the isometric were added to the
arithmetic value of the tanquntial assembly of joints
Anomaly detection is usually associate degree identification of associate degree odd or abnormal
information typically even known as as an outlier from a offer pattern of information. It involves machine learning
technique to be told the info and verify the outliers supported a likelihood condition. Machine learning, a branch
of AI plays a significant role in analyzing the info and identifies the outliers with a decent likelihood. The target of this
paper is to work out the outlier supported anomaly detection techniques and describe the quality standards of the actual
trade. We have a tendency to describe associate degree approach to analyzing anomalies in trade information
supported the identification of cluster outliers.
Experimental investigation of the effect of cold joint on strength and stiffn...EditorIJAERD
in this paper the effect of cold joint has been discussed for two RC Beam-Column Connections. Specimen 1
was poured monolithically whereas, construction joint in specimen 2 at bottom and top column was provided according
to section 3.2.2.2, ACI 224.3R-95. Both specimens were tested through quasi static cyclic loading under displacement
controlled condition, and the effect of cold joint was investigated. It was concluded that due to construction joint in
connections the maximum load carrying capacity decreases up to 39%. In addition, the strength degradation was more in
specimen having construction joint in column. Similarly the stiffness degradation decreases up to 50% due construction
joint. It was also observed that specimen having construction joint shows overall strength lost at 1.5% while specimen
having no construction joint was maintain their strength up to 3% drift.
Investigating willingness to pay for congestion pricing in peshawar universit...EditorIJAERD
Congested road is a perfect example of tragedy of the commons as there is no restriction for drivers not to
exploit it. Car users are independent in their traveling decisions but their decisions have negative consequences for
others for which they do not pay rather the non-users pay for them in the form of hard cash, inconvenience and lack of
safety. This unwanted but widely practiced phenomena has over-shadowed the livable environment even in universities
all across Pakistan particularly in Peshawar university campus (case study) where the environment is exacerbated by
minimum personalized vehicle holders for the maximum non-car commuters resulting from the free vehicular entrance
and biased provision of infrastructure. This leads to huge social divide, inequality and gender disparity. In addition to
finding appropriate rent for provision of new equitable, environment and gender friendly modes of transport like rental
bikes and golf carts, Willingness to pay for congestion pricing as proposed solution is investigated through online webbased questionnaire survey from 580 respondents and statistical analysis is used for selecting most feasible mode(s) of
alternate in-campus transportation. Results showed that 67.6% respondents were WTP for congestion charging and
55.3% selected golf carts as their preferred mode in campus followed by rental bike with 27.6%. Appropriate rent chosen
for golf cart was PKR 20 and less than PKR 20 for rental bikes by more than half of the respondents. Congestion pricing
was perceived as effective solution and proposed modes were opted as the preferred modes for traveling in campus.
Capacity evaluation of masonry infill strengthened with wire containment meshEditorIJAERD
Masonry bricks construction is vulnerable to seismic forces and has been used around the world. This
research is carried out on infill masonry wall constructed from half scaled bricks to stabilize the ductility and
deformation of infill wall to reduce the cost and casualties. Three panel are designed for the direct in-plane loading and
out-of-plane loading, with retrofitting technique using steel wire mesh and last panel is without steel wire mesh for
simple prism test is perform on these three panel. The result shows the panel is constructed with retrofitting technique of
in-plane and out-of-plane are more durable and stabilized as to simple masonry bricks wall construction
Design intervention to reduce muscular strength for using stone polishing mac...EditorIJAERD
Stone polishing work is an integral part of the construction sector. Hand-held polishing machine often results
in excessive hand-arm vibration (HAV) and manual effort. To overcome these problems, a new design was
conceptualised, developed, and validated. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a new handle on the transmissibility of
HAV and muscle activities during polishing activity. 13 experienced participants involved in polishing activities were
selected in this interventional field experiment. Tool handles (existing and modified) were taken as the independent
variables, while electromyography and HAV values were considered as dependent variables. The vibration level was
measured at the handle and wrist for both existing and modified stone polishing machine. The result showed that the
muscle strength for operating the modified stone polishing machine was less than the existing stone polishing machine
Modification of airflow around a FSAE Race car using sidepods to increase the...EditorIJAERD
Aerodynamics pertaining to vehicles focuses on improving the drive-ability of the vehicle while also reducing
losses due to air drag. This paper focuses on maximizing the cornering performance of the formula student race car with
slight modifications to the airflow around the vehicle and meagre addition of weight. The undertray produces downloads
by altering the velocity of air flowing underneath it. The sidepods act to reduce flow velocity above the undertray, thus
increasing the pressure above it. This leads to an increased pressure difference over the surface of the undertray which
translates to increase in downforce. The car is able to have a 10% decrease in lap times on a 500m racetrack.
Gear shifting mechanism was designed & applied to make the shifting process faster and less destructible for
the driver. The new device must be reliable with small dimensions and maintenance cost. Main aim of this project is to
improve gear shifting process quickly by using devices such as a manual four speed gear box, single pneumatic double
acting cylinders, single pneumatic two position five ways directional control valves, an electrical motor, a belt, two
pulleys, push button, compressor. According to gear shifting method, the driver can do select transmission gear ratio
without moving his/her hands from the steering wheel by putting the gear shifting push buttons on the steering wheel
An Assessment of Phase Change Materials for Domestic ApplicatonsEditorIJAERD
Thermal Energy storage has been the significant area of research over the last many decades. Various methods
and materials are developed for storing heat energy. Yet a main obstacle to modern methods is its lack of thermal mass.
Phase change materials are one of the optimized alternate to various energy storing methods and materials. They have
high energy storage capacity. In any case, despite the fact that the data is quantitatively tremendous, it is moreover
spread generally in the writing, and hard to discover. This report contrasts on the properties of phase change materials
and also reveals their significant applications. Furthermore, the discussion includes main benefits and drawbacks of
phase change materials over the different renewable energy sources. It also carries various types of PCMs and
performance analysis of PCMs for selecting the best required PCM for the purpose of heating and cooling of building.
The main objective of our project is to provide an optimum solution PMT. To stop Pass duplication fraud
and save govern- ment money. It helps to avoid unnecessary traditional pass process and convert the process into the
digital pass system. It will Organize and create a Central Data system using Aadhar card and increase security in the
Pass System. It will also help to avoid the line System and the student won't need to Login again and again into the
system.
It will be completely on-time registration process then data will store into the system. Student just need to scan Aadhar
card QR Code and put pass Date details next time of visit. This system was intended to develop an application for PMT
to perform function- tonalities like accessing the basic information of a student from educational institutions for
authentication and provide Bus pass
Remediation of heavy metals lead, cobalt and copper from industrail wastewate...EditorIJAERD
To fulfil human beings requirement number of industries increases day by day which play important role in
development of country but also causes environment pollution. Effluent of many industries contain heavy metals and
other contaminants. Industrial effluent usually used for agriculture purposes without treatment. Plants take these heavy
metals from industrial water and accumulate it in roots and Arial parts which become the part of animal and human
body through food chain causes various diseases. In this research work plants were grown using wastewater of industrial
effluents. Three sample of wastewater were made of various concentration level of lead, copper and cobalt. Typha
latifoliate was grown in controlled environment. Three sample of wastewater were used. Soil used in pots was of known
concentration of heavy metals. Using x-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to find concentration of contaminants in
soil before and after plantation and atomic absorption spectrometry was used to find concentration of heavy metals in
industrial effluent. Wastewater of various concentration level was obtained by adding domestic water having no heavy
metals. Extraction percentage performed by plants in various lawn was found by analysis of soil before and after the
maturity of plants. soil which was irrigated by fully contaminated wastewater was remediated by 10%. Soil in which
plants were irrigated by diluted wastewater was remediated by 15 and 21% respectively for copper and cobalt. Plants
matured in seventy-five days in winter season.
Heart attack and alcohol detection sensor using internet of thingsEditorIJAERD
—In this system we tend to implement a heart-beat observation and heart failure detection system victimization
using the Internet of things. Recently we have got enlarged range of heart diseases as well as enlarged risk of heart
attacks. The detector is then interfaced to a microcontroller that enables checking pulse rate readings and transmittal
them over web. The user might set the high likewise as low levels of heart beat limit. Once setting these limits, the system
starts observation as shortly as patient heart beat goes on top of an explicit limit, the system sends response to the
controller that then transmits this over the net and alerts the doctors likewise as involved. This technique is employed to
watch heartbeat rate of the motive force perpetually and prevents from the accidents by dominant through IOT. IOT
conveys the emergency message to the Owner, auto and therefore the Police. Arduino processor ATmega328 is ready to
handle a lot of functions than standard microcontrollers. This technique is intended for the protection of individuals
sitting within the vehicle.
Nowadays the congestion of traffic level increases with the increasing population rapidly. With respect to
the amount of population country, the utilization of personal vehicles also increased. Most of the folks choose personal
vehicles than public transportation. Enter his/her details to the application, and enter the location where he/she wants to
reach time-consuming to find parking space in most metropolitan areas, commercial areas, especially during the rush
hours. It is often costly in almost every big city in all over the world to find a proper and secure parking space. The
proposed project is a smart parking system that delivers information to people finding a parking space online booking. It
reduce unnecessary time consuming for searching the problem of parking space in parking areas. Hence, the website is
provided by this project-based system where users can view various parking areas and choose the space from obtainable
slots. Keywords:
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
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HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Screening and evaluation of medicinal properties of grape fruit varieties in theni district
1. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research
Development
Volume 6, Issue 12, December -2019
@IJAERD-2019, All rights Reserved 28
Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 5.71
e-ISSN (O): 2348-4470
p-ISSN (P): 2348-6406
Screening and Evaluation of medicinal properties of Grape fruit varieties in
Theni District
G.Renuga1
and M. Hemapriya2
1
Principal & Research Co-ordinator, Dept of Biochemistry,
2
Research scholar Dept of Biochemistry, Sri Adi Chunchanagiri women’s College, Cumbum, Theni (Dt), Affiliated to
Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract--Theni districts could be considered one of the highest grapes producing area also export best quality of
Paneer dhrakshai Indian table grapes in Tamil Nadu. The research work focused to identify the nutritive compounds in
the grapes (Vitis vinifera) species which are a wonderful fruit having pulp content, vibrant color and exert an immense
health benefits. Grape fruits were found to be rich source of Anthocyanin content and vitamin C also macromolecules
contents such as carbohydrate contents of 29mg, Protein 18.7mg and fat content 3.7mg /100 g of f. wt. Micronutrients
were estimated by AAS which showed that calcium content was 3.1mg/g.f.wt, iron content 2.7 mg/g.f.wt, potassium 2.6
mg/g.f.wt found to be more than other minerals in fresh extracts of grape fruits. The comparative results of revealed
considerable amount of phytoconstituents in grape fruits in which anthocyanins alone has been taken to evaluate
therapeutic effects on breast cancer cell MCF-7 cell viability test was carried out to determine cell proliferation. The
results revealed presence of anthocyanins in high quantity in the process of purification through various biochemical
methods that could ultimately be used for preventing cancerous cell proliferation which reduces the development of
cancer diseases. On comparison Grapes (Vitis vinifera) may serve as functional food with vital pharmaceutical and
biological value.
Keywords: Anthocyanin, Grape fruits, phytochemicals, Cancer treatment, Minerals.
I.INTRODUCTION
The grape has been well recognized worldwide for over 2,000 years as one among the edible sweet fruits and recognized
for its wide spectrum of biological properties. The grape belongs to the berry family as it is found attached to the stem.
Many berries make up a cluster or bunch of grapes. The fruit of the grape is one of the most palatably edible foods,
having many established nutritional and medicinal properties for consumers. The essential parts of the berry include skin,
pulp, and seeds also the composition of the grape in terms of nutrients are reported in many varieties grown at Pune,
Bangalore etc. Oxidative stress is a hallmark of various health problems. The grape is one of the most valued
conventional fruits, worldwide. Although most of the parts of the grapevine are useful, primarily, the grape is considered
as a source of unique natural products not only for the development of valuable medicines against a number of diseases,
but also for manufacturing various industrial products. Fruits and vegetable processing in India generates substantial
quantities of waste. It had been previously reported that these wastes and by-products of fruits are an abundant source of
antioxidant polyphenol [1].
Moreover, skin and seeds of grape are good sources of phytochemicals like gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin, which
are appropriate raw substrates for the production of anti-oxidative dietary supplements. On the basis of these
observations the consumption of fruit of the grape and its constituents may be part of therapeutic regimens to suppress
oxidative stress-related threats. Another important group of components present in grapes is the anthocyanins, which
belong to the flavonoid family. Resveratrol (3,5,40 -trans-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural phytoalexin abundantly found
in grapes and red wine, which has potent antioxidant property. Extensive epidemiological evidence suggesting that
dietary intake reduces cardiovascular mortality due to the presence of variety of polyphenol compounds, including
flavonoids, phenolic acids, and resveratrol in Grapes [2] Kris-Etherton]
Polyphenol bioactivity is further concluded by variable bioavailability due in part to differences in food matrix and
human gut absorption (Erdman].In addition to developing better dietary recommendations, emerging studies showing
cardiovascular benefits of polyphenol rich foods have also prompted interest by the pharmaceutical industry. It is
possible that purified formulations of specific grape constituents, e.g. resveratrol, might be efficacious as drugs for
cardiovascular disease treatment or prevention [3].
Limited research has been performed to identify the benefits of grape intake for type 2 diabetics. Because both the
glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) GL fall within the low range, this fruit is appropriate for inclusion in a diet
targeting low glycemic foods, such as a diet for a diabetic individual. Grapes contain an abundance of phytochemicals
with antioxidant and anti -inflammatory activities.
2. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 6, Issue12, December-2019, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406
@IJAERD-2019, All rights Reserved 29
A small number of studies have been conducted that suggest grapes or constituents of grapes may have some protective
effects against the metabolic disturbances observed in type 2 diabetics [4]. Cultivation of fruit crops plays a vital role in
the agricultural development of a nation. Fruits are the chief source of vitamins and minerals, without which human
body cannot maintain proper health and resistance to disease. Currently a large part of the adult population worldwide is
suffering from diabetes, and prevalence of the disease is increasing day by day. Until now no therapy has been available
to treat diabetes, and various therapeutic strategies have also been applied to suppress its increasing prevalence. Even
then, grapes are cultivated to be the one of the major fruit crop in Tamil Nadu due to its demand by consumer as a table
fruit.
Phytochemicals found in grapes or grape plant-derived products have shown inhibitory effects in the chemically induced
diabetic models. Rats fed red wine polyphenols had reduced hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and production of
reactive oxygen species in cardiac tissue. In both of these studies, the authors used pharmacological doses of the red wine
polyphenols. Grapes are rich in resveratrol, one of the world’s best known anti-oxidants that can combat cancers of
colon, prostrate, Alzheimer’s and various viral and fungal infections.
In the present study, grape varieties grown at Cumbum, Theni Dt, Tamil Nadu were evaluated for physico-chemical
characteristics and medicinal properties which will provide valuable information on the potential use of grape products
may provide health benefits to cancer disease.
II.MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Experimental Samples
A total of four varieties of grape fruits were collected in and around cumbum belonging to the district Theni of Tamil
Nadu state. The grape fruit species were identified and authenticated by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Research
Station, Anaimalayanpatty, Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India. Fruits were collected and washed under running tap water
to eliminate all the unwanted foreign particles.
Then weighed 100g of samples used for extracted as follows: 100g of sample (Pulp) was homogenized with electric
blender and filtered using whatman no.1 filter paper and the recovered extracts were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10
minutes and the supernatant was discarded and the residues were preserved in refrigerator condition till further uses.
2.2. Analysis of macro & micronutrients potentials
Fresh grapes juice samples were subjected for phytochemical screening according to the standard methods as described
by Trease and Evans [5] and Harper [6]. Vitamin C was analysed by dichlorophenol indophenols method by chinoy and
singh [7] and polyphenol was analysed by spectrophotometric method [8] and quantitative analysis of anthocyanin was
performed according to the modified procedure [9].Macromolecules such as carbohydrate was analysed by Anthrone
method [10], protein was measured by lowrey’s method [11]
and fat content was estimated by Soxhlet method [12]. The
micro nutrients such as iron, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, sodium, potassium, copper, zinc, nitrogen and
manganese were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer [13].
2.3. Extraction of Anthocyanin
The extraction of anthocyanins was performed according to Liang et al. with some modification [14] 20 mL methanol
with 5% (v/v) formic acid was added into 100 mL Erlenmeyer flasks that contained 1 g of grape skin powder.
Anthocyanins were extracted at 30 °C for 30 min in a dark environment; this was repeated five times to collect the
extract solution. The extraction was concentrated under vacuum at 30 °C using a rotary evaporator until dryness. The dry
extraction was resolved in 5 mL solvent of 2% formic acid in distilled water. About 1 mL of extracted solution was
strained through a 0.45 μm millipore filter for further experimental use or analysis.
2.4. Measure of Viability
This procedure can be performed along with the cell counting procedure but cell density may require adjustment in order
to obtain approximately 106
cells per milliliter. Mix 1 drop of trypan blue with one drop of the cell suspension and allow
1 - 2 minutes for absorption. Prepare haemocytometer and load chambers as described in "Cell Quantitation". Count both
the total number of cells and the number of stained (dark) cells. Calculation: percent viability= (Total cell counted –
Stained cells) X 100 / Total cells counted [15].
III.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Grapes are a non-climacteric fruit that grows on the perennial and deciduous woody climbing vine. Tamil Nadu is third
largest producer of grape in India after the states of Maharashtra followed by Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Cumbum
valley is known as Grapes city of South India. Grapes are a non-climacteric fruit that grows on the perennial and
deciduous woody climbing vine. The commercial grape cultivation in India is about 60 years old and mainly confined to
3. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 6, Issue12, December-2019, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406
@IJAERD-2019, All rights Reserved 30
cultivation of Vitis vinifera cultivars in the tropical and sub-tropical areas comprising of Tamil Nadu. A unique type of
staggered pruning in the "Paneer dhrakshai” [other name: Muscat Hamburg]is practiced in the Cumbum valley of
Theni district which together with the congenial climatic conditions prevailing in this tract favors harvesting of five crops
in two years. Grape is harvested almost all the year round. If not all the varieties, one or more varieties are always
available at any given time of the year.
3.1.Description of samples: V1- Paneer dhrakshai [Vitis vinifera]; V2 -Panner Hybrid [Vitis Rotundifolia]; V3- Green
seedless [Sonaka]; V4 -black seedless [Vitis labrusa].Table 1 revealed comparison of fruits physical parameters such as
moisture content, colour, texture and pulb which could suggested Paneer dhrakshai as suitable table variety .
Table 1: Analysis of Grape fruits Quality based on Physical Parameter
Varieties Parameters
Juice content Colour Texture Pulb Content
Vitis Vinifera Very High Brownish Soft High & soild
Vitis Rotundifolia High Black Moderate soft High & semisolid
Thompson Seedless Less Green Rough Medium & semisolid
Vitis Labrusca Very less Pale Black Rough Low & solid
It is a small round berry grows in clusters on a perennial and deciduous woody vines. The fruit features a semi-
translucent flesh encased by smooth skin. Some varieties contain edible seeds, while others are seedless. Presence of
poly-phenolic pigments in grape decides the colour as red or purple which is due to anthocyanins while white colour is
due to catechin. Fortunately, these antioxidants are densely concentrated in the skin and seeds.
Table: 2 Analysis of phytochemicals in selected Grapes varieties
S.No Phytochemical
Parameters
Grapes Varieties
V1 V2 V3 V4
1 Alkaloids - - - -
2 Flavonoids + + + +
3 Glycosides + + + +
4 Saponins - - - -
5 Phenols + + + +
6 Tannins - - - +
7 Steroids + + - -
8 Amino acids + + + +
9 Anthocyanin + + + +
10 Carbohydrates + + + +
11 Protein + + + +
12 Lipids/Fats - - - -
13 Vitamin C + + + +
Legends: + Positive symbol indicates the presence of the compound; - Negative symbol indicates the absence of the
compound.
Table 2 showed the phytochemical characterization of Grape fruits extract which revealed the presences and absences of
various secondary metabolites synthesis in fruits development stages. Results were explained phytochemical substances
found in selected experimental samples of grape fruit varieties, almost all samples revealed the presence of compound
similarly on comparison of four different varieties. Fresh fruit extracts has screened to identify compound of therapeutic
potential source for the drug against human illness.
Microelements present in Grapes extracts analyzed by Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometer (Figure 1) revealed
presences of essential minerals were found high content particularly Fe, Ca, Mg, K, and trace elements also showed its
presence which are considered rich source of nutrients has medicinal properties. Phyto-pharmaceuticals should be
validated from cultivation in the farm to manufacturing in the industry for quality, safety, efficacy, and regulatory
requirements. Grapes are loaded with potassium, which helps lower blood pressure by balancing out the negative effects
of salt. A low sodium diet is beneficial for people struggling with problem of high blood pressure.
4. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 6, Issue12, December-2019, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406
@IJAERD-2019, All rights Reserved 31
Figure1: Determination of Micronutrient in Grape extracts by AAS.
Legends: Each cone indicated different amount of minerals. Each value was represents with five average experimental
results of estimation by AAS.
Grapes result in lower levels of inflammatory proteins and higher amounts of protective proteins in the retinas (it is the
part of the eye that contains the cells that respond to light, known as photoreceptors). Vitamin C in Grapes: 100 grams of
grapes have14.2 mg of vitamin C in paneer grapes belongs to origin of cultivation in and around cumbum, Theni Dt.
which is essential for strengthening immunity and promoting skin health. Phosphorous, which accounts to 5percent of
Phosphorous works with vitamin D to support bone strength.
Grapes might have preventive properties when it comes to diabetes that found greater consumption of whole
fruits, particularly grapes, blueberries and apples was significantly associated with a lower risk of type 2diabetes. Proteins
are too large to pass freely across the membranes separating the compartments, but since proteins attract water, they act to
maintain proper fluid balance. Proteins in the body are constantly broken down and re-synthesized. Our bodies reuse most of the
released amino acids, but a small portion is lost and must be replaced in the diet. Consumption of paneer grapes as table fruit
was associated with effective prevention of diabetes. Carbohydrates and lipids are intermediate in complexity between
nucleic acids and proteins. Carbohydrates hold a special place in human nutrition providing the largest single source of
energy in the diet and satisfying instinctual desire for sweetness. High carbohydrate content is a major source of readily
available energy. Proteins are fundamental elements for metabolism of enzymes, hormones and many other molecules
essential for life. Vitamin C found in higher level played an essential role for improved the metabolism of carbohydrates,
protein, and other minerals thereby produced ATP, NADH also other activated molecules in cells which can adapt to
continue function during disease condition or even eliminate particular reaction pathway, energy derived from
macromolecules are served as fuel for cell to carry out reactions in various metabolic pathways thereby used as the raw
materials for biosynthesis.
Figure2: Estimation of macromolecules in grape fruit extracts
Legends: Macromolecules contents were expressed as mg/g.f.wt of sample. Each value was represents with five average
experimental results of grape extracts. V1, V2, V3 &V4 were given in description of samples:
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Protein Carbohydrate Anthocyanin Vitamin C
Concentrationinmg/g.f.wt
V1
V2
V3
V4
0
1
2
3
4
Concentrationinmg∕g.wt
Minerals
5. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 6, Issue12, December-2019, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406
@IJAERD-2019, All rights Reserved 32
The Samples were subjected to partial purification then these results were taking into account that the anthocyanin
enriched fraction was concentrated that contributed the action of antioxidant capacity showed considerable contents of
vitamin and anthocyanin are major contributors. Anthocyanins are widely known as nutraceticals and are a group of
soluble vacuolar pigments which are polyphenols explore the significance of anthocyanins as chemopreventive agents
and the promising possibilities for development as potential anticancer drugs. Anthocyanins offer protection against
certain chronic illnesses including hyperglycemia [16] and inhibit the growth of tumor cells in humans [17].
Purities of both purified and unpurified anthocyanin extracts were determined by spectroscopic scanning. The
spectral character of the unpurified sample demonstrates the highest peak at 520 nm (peak 2) which is confirmed as the
anthocyanin absorption peak, and a lower peak at 320 nm (peak 1) which is recognized as the hydroxycinnamate
absorption peak [HPLC data not given]. The quality and nutritional value of fruits and their products is commonly
associated with the color that is derived from anthocyanins. Anthocyanins possess medication and anticarcinogenic
activity and are ameliorative in CVD and neurodegenerative disorders. They are also useful in weight management and
polygenic disorders [18]. Anticancer activity of this compound is mainly due to induction of apoptosis via several
pathways, as well as alteration of gene expressions, all leading to a decrease in tumor initiation, promotion, and
progression. Hence, anthocyanin possesses good potential to be used as an adjunctive or alternative therapy for cancer
and inflammatory diseases.
To evaluate the possible cytotoxic effects of anthocyanin fractions in MCF-7 cells, an MTT assay was
performed (3-4,5 dimethylthiazol -2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide). Cells were incubated with different ranges of
concentration of extract and the purified anthocyanin fraction for 24 hrs. After treatment cell viability measured and
observed it was not significantly affected at concentrations up to 200µg∕ml, but revealed cytotoxicity at higher
concentrations.
Figure3a: Effects of Adriamycin on BCF-7 Cell viability
Figure3b. Effects of Anthocyanin on BCF-7 Cell viability
Legend: Viability of MCF-7 Cells after treatment with Adriamycin and Anthocyanin were given in Fig 3a & 3b.
Standard drug and Anthocyanin enriched fraction of grape extracts has used for treatment with various concentration
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
CellSurvival(%)
Adriamycin (Standard drug µg/ml)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
Cellsurvival(%)
Anthocyanin fraction (µg/ml)
6. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 6, Issue12, December-2019, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406
@IJAERD-2019, All rights Reserved 33
indicated maximum of cell growth reduction at 200µg/ml for 24 hrs. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD of fine
replicates (n=5). The Asterisk indicates the concentration from which significant differences (p<0.05) were observed
when compared to the control.
Results given in figure 3 revealed pharmaceutical efficiency as inhibit tumor cell growth by cell arrest and lead to cell
apoptosis with IC50 upto 200 µg/ml.The isolated anthocyanin fraction expressed to arrest cell proliferation ultimately
confirm its effect to suppress cancer cell development which might help to exerts its anticancer activity of anthocyanin at
200µg/ml by decrease in expression of TNF receptor.Adriamycin used as a positive control composed as 150µg/ml was
used as a known cytotoxic agent that gives 80%. Lethality under the same conditions.Standard drugs were used against
the experimental test samples to compare the activity of the natural extracts expressed 70%. Fruits having high
antioxidant activity in vitro may exhibit many functional properties like antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory,
cardio protective properties. It is important to understand how grape coloration is affected by genetic and environmental
factors, as this knowledge may contribute to more stable production of high-quality grapes. The color of berry skins is
determined mainly by the quantity and composition of anthocyanins. The inhibitory effects of red wine polyphenolics on
human breast cancer cells have been demonstrated to be due to inhibition of cell proliferation by flavonoids, which in
turn could be related to the inhibition of calcium=calmodulin-associated phosphodiesterase activity, indicating that
flavonoids interfere with the function of the second messenger calcium [19]. Thus, certain grape wine ingredients that
have anticancer properties may be helpful for developing functional neutraceuticals with anticancer properties.
IV.CONCLUSION
Grape (Vitis sp.) belonging to Family Vitaceae is a commercially important fruit crop of India. This crop occupies fifth
position amongst fruit crops in India with a production of 1.21 million tonnes (around 2% of world’s production of 57.40
million tonnes) from an area of 0.05 million ha. Tamil Nadu is third largest producer of grape in India after the states
of Maharashtra followed by Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Cumbum valley is known as Grapes city of South India. Grape
is known as the Queen of the fruits as it is treasure of the health benefitting nutrients as poly phenolic antioxidants,
vitamins and minerals. Many cultivars of grapes are grown for different purposes either eating as a table fruit, fresh or
dried as Raisin or in wine production.
The grapes as Paneer Dhrakshai (Vitis vinifera), (Vitis labrusca and Vitis rotundifolia) and their hybrids are grown for
different purposes. Although the differences in anthocyanin and flavonol content between the varieties analyzed were
significant, the levels of these compounds are such that extracting polyphenols from grape skin might be economically
viable. Grape skin could then be used (i) as a natural alternative to the synthetic antioxidants used in the food industry to
prolong the shelf life of food or (ii) as a good antioxidant source in dietary supplements. The most important variety as
Paneer Dhrakshai and Thompson Seedless cover almost eighty five percent of the area in India. Fruits are usually used as
edible food for their nutritional substances such as minerals, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, sugars, polyphenols, and
anthocyanins. Breast cancer cell MCF-7 was used to study the efficiency of anthocyanin isolated from grape fruit
extract which showed significant inhibition on cancer cell MCF-7 in vitro condition.
The Anthocyanin fraction has been shown to exhibit inhibition of cell proliferation well known for its anticancer
properties.Grapes are good source of phyto-chemicals which reduces the risk of chronic diseases, such as certain types of
cancer diseases. Anthocyanin was subjected for purification through classical biochemical process and the eluted fraction
was estimated for anthocyanin and evaluated obtaining anthocyanin with purity 86-90% when the traditional sephatex-25
method of solid phase extraction was employed. In future, studies will be focused on increasing productivity as well as
the tonnages of export of best quality grapes, so that it can play an important role in feeding the world with Indian table
grapes according to consumer’s demand worldwide.
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1. N. Balasundram, K. Sundaram, S. Samman (2006). Phenolic compounds in plants and Agri-industrial by-products:
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