In the present study, the rhizome of Maranta arundinacea L., Arrowroot, was selected for a rich source of starch for the preparation of biofilm. Firstly, some physicochemical properties of the selected sample were determined by AOAC method. Furthermore, the elemental analysis of the selected sample was carried out by Energy Dispersive X ray Fluorescence EDXRF spectroscopy. Moreover, antimicrobial activities of various solvent extracts were examined by Agar well diffusion method on six tested organisms. And then, the qualitative determination of starch tests such as Iodine test and Tannic acid test were done. In addition, starch from Arrowroot powder was isolated and confirmed by FT IR spectrum. Finally, starch biofilms were prepared by using isolated starch and various ratios of plasticizers PVA, PEG, and Sorbitol. The characterizations of seven kinds of prepared biofilms were measured. Aye Mon Thida Nyo | Arnt Win | Baby San Chit Su | Mar Pi Myint | Phyu Phyu Khaing "Study on Characterization of Various Biofilms Prepared by Starch Isolated from Maranta Arundinacea L." Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26588.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/26588/study-on-characterization-of-various-biofilms-prepared-by-starch-isolated-from-maranta-arundinacea-l/aye-mon-thida-nyo
A Study on the Removal of Pesticide Residues on Potatoes Using Moringa oleife...AI Publications
Moringa oleifera (MO) is a plant whose seeds possess strong coagulation properties capable of removing turbidity and heavy metals from water. In this study, the effectiveness of MO seeds as a potential pesticide removal apparatus for agricultural produce was investigated. The parameters of interest for each pesticide washing solution were pesticide-concentration reduction, cost, and taste alteration to the potatoes. Separate doses of 0.25 mL profenofos 500 EC were individually applied to distinct 250 g pesticide-free potato piles. A submersion of each tainted potato pile was carried out in one of the chosen pesticide baths (mineral water, 2% salt solution, 10% salt solution, vegetable bath wash, and 10 g MO seed) for 10 min, followed by a 10 second mineral water bath rinse. Remaining profenofos residue concentrations on potatoes were quantified using the quick, easy, cheap, rugged, and simple QuEChERs method coincided with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The experiments showed that the MO seed was the most effective at removing profenofos at 52.9% followed by the vegetable bath at 47.3%. Neither method caused an alteration in food taste, but the MO seed method is significantly cheaper at 2,000/L IDR ($0.14 USD) compared to the vegetable bath at IDR 10,668/L ($0.77 USD) at the time of the experiment, respectively.
1 ijfaf oct-2017-4-the characteristics of rumenAI Publications
The ruminant animal feed ingredients consisting of forage with the combination of grass and legume which were almost limited in availability, the cocoa leaves as agricultural wastes or wastes containing low nutrient plantation low used as alternative feed ingredients. To overcome these problems required a simple technology that is fermentation using microorganisms indigenus so that the effluent quality cocoa can be improved. Indigenus microorganisms were microbes that exist in individuals without disturbing the activities. The purpose of this research was to improve the quality of rumen fluid characteristics and digestibility of cocoa leaves fermented by microorganisms indigenus. The method used in this study was completely randomized design factorial with three replications, treatment factors consist of A as the level of microbes (A1 = 5%, A2 = 10%, A3 = 15%) and factor B as the duration of fermentation (B1 = 2 day, B2 = 4 days, B3 = 6 days) and the variables; the nutrient content and digestibility of cocoa leaves before and after being fermented and the characteristics of rumen fluid in vitro methods. The results showed that the increasing levels of use of microbes and fermentation time can enhance the quality of cocoa leaves that reduce the content of dry material from 31.389 to 25.488% and increase the protein content of the coarse 6.153 to 7.483%. Dry Material digestibility increased from 27.379 to 32.942% and 27.432% Protein 21,435- rough. Rumen fluid characteristics were rumen fluid pH ranges from 7.427 to 7.603, NH3 production ranges from 16.820 - 19,975mg / 100ml, and Volatyl Fatty Acid production from 83.667 to 101.000 mM. The conclusion that increasing the digestibility quality cocoa fruit leather could be made by fermentation by microorganisms indigenus.
Utilization of Banana Peel Powder in ConcreteYogeshIJTSRD
Analysis of properties of concrete using banana peel as admixture is studied and verified the strength of concrete and temperature emitted due to chemical reaction to the normal Portland cement. The percentage of transmission temperature and reduction time of temperature has decreased hence it is clear that the exothermal reaction in concrete has been reduced by using dried banana peel powder as admixture. The percentage of transmission temperature and reduction time of temperature has decreased hence it is clear that the exothermal reaction in concrete has been reduced by using dried banana peel powder as admixture. Ingredients other than cement, water and aggregates that import a specific quality to either plastic fresh mix or the hardened concrete ASTMC 496 is called concrete admixture. The flexural strength of concrete by using banana peel powder as admixture has increased, but considerable lesser compressive strength has increased. Rahul Mohabe | G. D. Dhawade | R. K. Kakpure "Utilization of Banana Peel Powder in Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41186.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/41186/utilization-of-banana-peel-powder-in-concrete/rahul-mohabe
Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant an...YogeshIJTSRD
In the present study, two plant species of the family Asteraceae were selected for an evaluation of their phytochemical screening, antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties. Phytochemical alkaloids, phenols, protein, flavonoids, quinines, tannins, and terpenoids are present in the aqua methanol and aqua acetone extract s of Cirsium arvense L Cronquist and Erigeron bonariensis. The selected plant species exhibit anti inflammatory properties in both solvents. The enzymatic antioxidant property of selected plant species was evaluated by superoxide dismutase SOD , peroxidase POD , and catalase CAT . E. bonariensis shows 20.05±0.02 superoxide dismutase activity which is moreover equal to C. arvense 19.47±0.31 . POD and CAT activities of C. arvense 109.35±0.69 and 41.48±0.13 and E. bonariensis 105.91±1.53 and 39.63±0.035 respectively, the POD activity of C. arvense is slightly higher than E. bonariensis but CAT activity again higher in E. bonariensis same as SOD. Deepti Rawat | P. B. Rao "Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and In-Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Aqua Methanol and Aqua Acetone Extract of Cirsium Arvense and Erigeron Bonariensis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43934.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/43934/qualitative-phytochemical-screening-and-invitro-assessment-of-antioxidant-and-antiinflammatory-potential-of-aqua-methanol-and-aqua-acetone-extract-of-cirsium-arvense-and-erigeron-bonariensis/deepti-rawat
Utilization of Banana Peel Powder in Concrete A Resultijtsrd
Analysis of properties of concrete using banana peel as admixture is studied and verified the strength of concrete and temperature emitted due to chemical reaction to the normal Portland cement. The percentage of transmission temperature and reduction time of temperature has decreased hence it is clear that the exothermal reaction in concrete has been reduced by using dried banana peel powder as admixture. The percentage of transmission temperature and reduction time of temperature has decreased hence it is clear that the exothermal reaction in concrete has been reduced by using dried banana peel powder as admixture. Ingredients other than cement, water and aggregates that import a specific quality to either plastic fresh mix or the hardened concrete ASTMC 496 is called concrete admixture. The flexural strength of concrete by using banana peel powder as admixture has increased, but considerable lesser compressive strength has increased. Rahul M Mohabe | Prof. G. D. Dhavale | R. K. Kakpure "Utilization of Banana Peel Powder in Concrete: A Result" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42560.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/42560/utilization-of-banana-peel-powder-in-concrete-a-result/rahul-m-mohabe
Isolation Characterization and Screening of fungal Lipase from oil contaminat...AI Publications
Present scenario demands a more sustainable, ecofriendly and economic measures globally to deal with the growing problems of environmental issues. The main goal of this work is to opt for such ideas and technologies which involve cleaner and greener procedures for utilizing waste materials for deriving value added products. The soil pertaining to the areas of oil mills contains densely population of various microbes’, especially fungal origin. These microbes are rich in lipase content (due to oil source). Thus in this we isolated fungal colonies from this oil rich soil, cultured in laboratory, fermented them under various conditions to extract fungal enzyme i.e. lipase and then used it for further applications. Lipases are highly versatile and industrially important enzymes. Deriving the lipases from waste soil is the main attraction of this work and is a venture strategizing the “best from waste” approach.
Cassava Retting Water An Alternative Source for Industrial Cellulase EnzymeYogeshIJTSRD
Cassava fermentation is one of the teaming businesses in almost all the tribes of Nigeria. Among all the methods of cassava processing to food, fermentation is the most used. This produces foul smelling waste water that causes environmental pollution to man and animals. The retted cassava water was checked for cellulase enzyme activity to see if it can be a source of cellulase for used in food, paper, textile and other industries. The aim of this work is to seek a way of utilizing the waste water as source of enzymes as this will reduce the importation of these enzymes and make them available always. Cassava tubers were peeled, cut into cylindrical portions of about 3 5 cm and washed. Two hundred grams of the washed tubers were soaked in 5 liters of water and allowed to ret. The retting water was analyzed daily for titratable acidity, cyanide content, pH, cellulase activity and the microbial flora were isolated and identified. Results showed that titratable acidity rose from 0.20 to 2.76 mg g and cyanide content increased from 0.28 to 4.69 mg ml while pH fall from 7.2 – 6.0 tending acidic. Retting started on the 2nd day and complete retting was achieved on the 4th day. ß glucosidase activity rose from 0.05 to 8.0 µ mol, Filter paper activity increased from 0.06 to 7.5 µ mol and carboxyl methyl cellulase CMC activity increased from 0.05 to 7.7 µ mol. Ten organisms Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis, Citrobacter sp, Enterobacter aerogenes, Lactobacillus coryneformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus feacalis were isolated from the retting water. Daily increase in the enzyme activities showed that cassava retting when done in a large scale can yield large quantity of enzymes. This will reduce the importation of industrial enzymes and reduce the environmental pollution caused by the waste water. Umeh, S. O. | Nwiyi, I. U. | Dimejesi, S. A. | Ikele, M. O. | Ugwu, C. H. "Cassava Retting Water: An Alternative Source for Industrial Cellulase (Enzyme)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43889.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/43889/cassava-retting-water-an-alternative-source-for-industrial-cellulase-enzyme/umeh-s-o
A Study on the Removal of Pesticide Residues on Potatoes Using Moringa oleife...AI Publications
Moringa oleifera (MO) is a plant whose seeds possess strong coagulation properties capable of removing turbidity and heavy metals from water. In this study, the effectiveness of MO seeds as a potential pesticide removal apparatus for agricultural produce was investigated. The parameters of interest for each pesticide washing solution were pesticide-concentration reduction, cost, and taste alteration to the potatoes. Separate doses of 0.25 mL profenofos 500 EC were individually applied to distinct 250 g pesticide-free potato piles. A submersion of each tainted potato pile was carried out in one of the chosen pesticide baths (mineral water, 2% salt solution, 10% salt solution, vegetable bath wash, and 10 g MO seed) for 10 min, followed by a 10 second mineral water bath rinse. Remaining profenofos residue concentrations on potatoes were quantified using the quick, easy, cheap, rugged, and simple QuEChERs method coincided with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The experiments showed that the MO seed was the most effective at removing profenofos at 52.9% followed by the vegetable bath at 47.3%. Neither method caused an alteration in food taste, but the MO seed method is significantly cheaper at 2,000/L IDR ($0.14 USD) compared to the vegetable bath at IDR 10,668/L ($0.77 USD) at the time of the experiment, respectively.
1 ijfaf oct-2017-4-the characteristics of rumenAI Publications
The ruminant animal feed ingredients consisting of forage with the combination of grass and legume which were almost limited in availability, the cocoa leaves as agricultural wastes or wastes containing low nutrient plantation low used as alternative feed ingredients. To overcome these problems required a simple technology that is fermentation using microorganisms indigenus so that the effluent quality cocoa can be improved. Indigenus microorganisms were microbes that exist in individuals without disturbing the activities. The purpose of this research was to improve the quality of rumen fluid characteristics and digestibility of cocoa leaves fermented by microorganisms indigenus. The method used in this study was completely randomized design factorial with three replications, treatment factors consist of A as the level of microbes (A1 = 5%, A2 = 10%, A3 = 15%) and factor B as the duration of fermentation (B1 = 2 day, B2 = 4 days, B3 = 6 days) and the variables; the nutrient content and digestibility of cocoa leaves before and after being fermented and the characteristics of rumen fluid in vitro methods. The results showed that the increasing levels of use of microbes and fermentation time can enhance the quality of cocoa leaves that reduce the content of dry material from 31.389 to 25.488% and increase the protein content of the coarse 6.153 to 7.483%. Dry Material digestibility increased from 27.379 to 32.942% and 27.432% Protein 21,435- rough. Rumen fluid characteristics were rumen fluid pH ranges from 7.427 to 7.603, NH3 production ranges from 16.820 - 19,975mg / 100ml, and Volatyl Fatty Acid production from 83.667 to 101.000 mM. The conclusion that increasing the digestibility quality cocoa fruit leather could be made by fermentation by microorganisms indigenus.
Utilization of Banana Peel Powder in ConcreteYogeshIJTSRD
Analysis of properties of concrete using banana peel as admixture is studied and verified the strength of concrete and temperature emitted due to chemical reaction to the normal Portland cement. The percentage of transmission temperature and reduction time of temperature has decreased hence it is clear that the exothermal reaction in concrete has been reduced by using dried banana peel powder as admixture. The percentage of transmission temperature and reduction time of temperature has decreased hence it is clear that the exothermal reaction in concrete has been reduced by using dried banana peel powder as admixture. Ingredients other than cement, water and aggregates that import a specific quality to either plastic fresh mix or the hardened concrete ASTMC 496 is called concrete admixture. The flexural strength of concrete by using banana peel powder as admixture has increased, but considerable lesser compressive strength has increased. Rahul Mohabe | G. D. Dhawade | R. K. Kakpure "Utilization of Banana Peel Powder in Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41186.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/41186/utilization-of-banana-peel-powder-in-concrete/rahul-mohabe
Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant an...YogeshIJTSRD
In the present study, two plant species of the family Asteraceae were selected for an evaluation of their phytochemical screening, antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties. Phytochemical alkaloids, phenols, protein, flavonoids, quinines, tannins, and terpenoids are present in the aqua methanol and aqua acetone extract s of Cirsium arvense L Cronquist and Erigeron bonariensis. The selected plant species exhibit anti inflammatory properties in both solvents. The enzymatic antioxidant property of selected plant species was evaluated by superoxide dismutase SOD , peroxidase POD , and catalase CAT . E. bonariensis shows 20.05±0.02 superoxide dismutase activity which is moreover equal to C. arvense 19.47±0.31 . POD and CAT activities of C. arvense 109.35±0.69 and 41.48±0.13 and E. bonariensis 105.91±1.53 and 39.63±0.035 respectively, the POD activity of C. arvense is slightly higher than E. bonariensis but CAT activity again higher in E. bonariensis same as SOD. Deepti Rawat | P. B. Rao "Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and In-Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Aqua Methanol and Aqua Acetone Extract of Cirsium Arvense and Erigeron Bonariensis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43934.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/43934/qualitative-phytochemical-screening-and-invitro-assessment-of-antioxidant-and-antiinflammatory-potential-of-aqua-methanol-and-aqua-acetone-extract-of-cirsium-arvense-and-erigeron-bonariensis/deepti-rawat
Utilization of Banana Peel Powder in Concrete A Resultijtsrd
Analysis of properties of concrete using banana peel as admixture is studied and verified the strength of concrete and temperature emitted due to chemical reaction to the normal Portland cement. The percentage of transmission temperature and reduction time of temperature has decreased hence it is clear that the exothermal reaction in concrete has been reduced by using dried banana peel powder as admixture. The percentage of transmission temperature and reduction time of temperature has decreased hence it is clear that the exothermal reaction in concrete has been reduced by using dried banana peel powder as admixture. Ingredients other than cement, water and aggregates that import a specific quality to either plastic fresh mix or the hardened concrete ASTMC 496 is called concrete admixture. The flexural strength of concrete by using banana peel powder as admixture has increased, but considerable lesser compressive strength has increased. Rahul M Mohabe | Prof. G. D. Dhavale | R. K. Kakpure "Utilization of Banana Peel Powder in Concrete: A Result" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42560.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/42560/utilization-of-banana-peel-powder-in-concrete-a-result/rahul-m-mohabe
Isolation Characterization and Screening of fungal Lipase from oil contaminat...AI Publications
Present scenario demands a more sustainable, ecofriendly and economic measures globally to deal with the growing problems of environmental issues. The main goal of this work is to opt for such ideas and technologies which involve cleaner and greener procedures for utilizing waste materials for deriving value added products. The soil pertaining to the areas of oil mills contains densely population of various microbes’, especially fungal origin. These microbes are rich in lipase content (due to oil source). Thus in this we isolated fungal colonies from this oil rich soil, cultured in laboratory, fermented them under various conditions to extract fungal enzyme i.e. lipase and then used it for further applications. Lipases are highly versatile and industrially important enzymes. Deriving the lipases from waste soil is the main attraction of this work and is a venture strategizing the “best from waste” approach.
Cassava Retting Water An Alternative Source for Industrial Cellulase EnzymeYogeshIJTSRD
Cassava fermentation is one of the teaming businesses in almost all the tribes of Nigeria. Among all the methods of cassava processing to food, fermentation is the most used. This produces foul smelling waste water that causes environmental pollution to man and animals. The retted cassava water was checked for cellulase enzyme activity to see if it can be a source of cellulase for used in food, paper, textile and other industries. The aim of this work is to seek a way of utilizing the waste water as source of enzymes as this will reduce the importation of these enzymes and make them available always. Cassava tubers were peeled, cut into cylindrical portions of about 3 5 cm and washed. Two hundred grams of the washed tubers were soaked in 5 liters of water and allowed to ret. The retting water was analyzed daily for titratable acidity, cyanide content, pH, cellulase activity and the microbial flora were isolated and identified. Results showed that titratable acidity rose from 0.20 to 2.76 mg g and cyanide content increased from 0.28 to 4.69 mg ml while pH fall from 7.2 – 6.0 tending acidic. Retting started on the 2nd day and complete retting was achieved on the 4th day. ß glucosidase activity rose from 0.05 to 8.0 µ mol, Filter paper activity increased from 0.06 to 7.5 µ mol and carboxyl methyl cellulase CMC activity increased from 0.05 to 7.7 µ mol. Ten organisms Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis, Citrobacter sp, Enterobacter aerogenes, Lactobacillus coryneformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus feacalis were isolated from the retting water. Daily increase in the enzyme activities showed that cassava retting when done in a large scale can yield large quantity of enzymes. This will reduce the importation of industrial enzymes and reduce the environmental pollution caused by the waste water. Umeh, S. O. | Nwiyi, I. U. | Dimejesi, S. A. | Ikele, M. O. | Ugwu, C. H. "Cassava Retting Water: An Alternative Source for Industrial Cellulase (Enzyme)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43889.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/43889/cassava-retting-water-an-alternative-source-for-industrial-cellulase-enzyme/umeh-s-o
Effects of pretreatment of single and mixed lignocellulosic substrates on pro...Mushafau Adebayo Oke
A mixed substrate (MS) comprising oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), oil palm frond (OPF), and rice husk (RH) was evaluated for endoglucanase production by Bacillus aerius S5.2. Effects of sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), and hydrothermal pretreatments on endoglucanase production were investigated. Endoglucanase production by B. aerius on the untreated (0.677 U/mL) and pretreated MS (0.305 – 0.630 U/mL) was generally similar, except that the acid (0.305 U/mL) and hydrothermal (0.549 U/mL) pretreatments that were more severe consequently produced significantly lower titres. Alkali pretreatment supported the highest enzyme production (0.630 U/mL) among all pretreatments that were studied. When endoglucanase production on the alkali-pretreated MS and single substrates (SS) was compared, alkali-pretreated EFB produced a titre (0.655 U/mL) similar to the MS, and this was significantly higher than titres recorded on OPF (0.504 U/mL) and RH (0.525 U/mL). Lower enzyme production was found to be consistent with higher pretreatment severity and greater removal of amorphous regions in all the pretreatments. Furthermore, combining the SS showed no adverse effects on endoglucanase production.
ABSTRACT- Biosurfactant is a structurally diverse group of surface-active molecule, synthesized by microorganisms. Kocuria rosea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from pesticide contaminated soil, which produces biosurfactant were studied. Curd whey was used as a cheap source of growth medium for biosurfactant production. There was formation of stable emulsions of biosurfactant containing broth with vegetable oil and kerosene. These strains produced a clear zone in oil spreading test, which is an indicative of the good biosurfactant activity. Both the strains produced extra cellular biosurfactant in the culture media and showed good foam stability in the culture medium. Biosurfactant was efficiently extracted from the culture broth by acetone-HCl precipitation. The biosurfactants from the two species, namely Kocuria rosea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to have no effects on germinating seedlings of Glycine max, Pisum sativum and Spinacia oleracea, when treated with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with the combination of curd whey in the making of 100ml volume. Curd whey as a control was taken with no surfactant. Our study suggested an efficient use in surfactant aided bioremediation in agricultural land.
Key-words- Biosurfactant, Kerosene, Emulsification, Oil spreading, Kocuria rosea, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Glycine max, Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea
Cumulative effect of modified atmospheric packaging on the textural and chemi...SukhveerSingh31
Fruits and vegetables have been consumed by humans since ancient times. Scientific
investigations have proved that an increased consumption of fruits and vegetables is known to
reduce instances of cancer and cardiovascular mortality (Bhardwaj et al., 2014)
Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Food Grade Ash Aqueous extra...Premier Publishers
This work focused on physicochemical and antimicrobial evaluations of food-grade ash extract from furnace ashed and charred plantain peel and palm bunches. Alkaline solutions obtained from these biogenic wastes and limestone were analyzed for their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. Results showed that the pH of the solutions was alkaline in nature ranging from 10.04 to 11.51. Limestone extract was highly turbid 0.201NTU, while limestone contained a lot of impurities with 35.64mg/L total dissolved solids. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) of furnace ashed plantain peel was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other samples. The aqueous extracts of these wastes and sodium sesquicarbonate (potash) were screened for the presence of their antimicrobial activities against the bacteria and fungi isolates. Microbial isolates use for the study was Bacillus substilis, Pseudomonas aerugenosa, Proteus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus Candida albicans, Candida pseudotropicalis and Penicillium expansuim. Charred plantain peel, palm bunch extracts, and limestone inhibited the growth of these microbial isolates. Furnace ashed samples of both plantain peel and palm bunch could not inhibit the microorganisms. Commercial potash extract, which was purchased in an open market, could not also inhibit the organisms. Commercial antibiotics Gentamycin (antibacterial) and Ketoconazole (antifungal) were used as positive controls in this study.
Isolation and Screening for Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus Niger Using...ijtsrd
The numerous applications of citric acid have increased its demand. It is of great importance to produce citric acid using adequate monosaccharides and dissacharides as they have proven to be easily catabolyzed and decomposed by Fungi when compared to polysaccharides. The superiority of sucrose to other sugars is a result of strong extracellular mycelium bound invertase of A.niger which rapidly hydrolyses sucrose at low pH. This project was undertaken to isolate, screen and produce citric acid in a submerged fermentation by four different strains of Aspergillus niger using sucrose. Aspergillus niger was isolated and characterized from garden soil. Citric acid production from Aspergillus niger in a submerged basal medium was quantitatively determined using titrimetric method. Aspergillus niger strain HUS1 ASHUS1 , Aspergillus niger strain HUS7 ASHUS7 , Aspergillus niger strain HG49 ASHG49 and Aspergillus niger strain AN8 ASAN8 showed significant accumulation of citric acid from the submerged basal medium, of which ASHUS 1 significantly a 0.05 recorded the most yield from the production after 9 days of incubation. Mbah, O. G | Okpalla, J. O | Osuala, O. J | Okoye, P. O | Alagbu, P. O "Isolation and Screening for Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus Niger Using Sucrose as a Carbon Source" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46260.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/46260/isolation-and-screening-for-citric-acid-production-by-aspergillus-niger-using-sucrose-as-a-carbon-source/mbah-o-g
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Transformation of Sandalwood Leaves (Santalum album) into Nutrient Rich Compo...AI Publications
It is significant to use renewable resources to maximize crop yields and minimize the environmental risks accompanying with chemical residues. Composting is an age old practice for the biological conversion of organic waste into a humus-like substance which can enhance physical, chemical and biological soil properties. Vermicomposting of leaf litter by Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugenia potentially play a substantial role in remediation of organic waste as well as building up of soil fertility for sustainable agriculture. Present study was based on the conversion of Sandal wood leaf waste into nutrient rich best source. Sandal wood leaf were chopped at fine level and later mixed with cattle dung in order to pre composting followed by addition of earthworm.Several factors were also analysed during process. It was found that physical factors viz. pH, temperature moisture content etc. were significantly fluctuating at initial time period but later it was stagnant at constant level. Volume of waste and density were also reduced at the end of process. Colour of waste also turned into black that was good for seed germination but bad for health of earthworm. Final product was found odour less. Present results revealed about favourable condition of addition of earthworm into leaf litter waste and also explore the capability of both earthworm species to degrade leaf litter after semi-digested condition.
Occurrence of Aflatoxin Levels in Harvest and Stored Groundnut Kernels in Kad...iosrjce
The occurrence of moulds and aflatoxins in groundnut kernels are of great concern to food
processors and consumers because of their ability to cause spoilage resulting to economic losses and public
health problem such as aflatoxicosis. This study was aimed at determining the presence of Aspergillus species
and aflatoxin levels in fresh harvested and stored groundnuts kernels from non-mechanized groundnut oil
processors in parts of Kaduna State. Enumeration and identification of Aspergillus spp of groundnut kernels;
freshly harvested and stored samples were carried out using standard methods. Aflatoxin levels were
determined using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result showed that both harvest and stored
products had significantly (P<0.05) higher number of samples containing Aspergillus flavus than Aspergillus
parasiticus. The four Aspergillus species isolated in descending order were: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus
parasiticus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus. Though only about 9.02% of the total 260 samples
screened had aflatoxin levels above the 20ppb recommended standard limit by Nigeria National Agency for
Food and Drug Administration and Control, it was obvious that the persistent detection of moulds and total
aflatoxin in this research could be a health threat to both human and animal groundnut products (cake and oil)
consumers.
Enhancing the Nutritive Values of Agrowastes for Animal Feed Production Using...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
Biochemical Analysis of a Leguminous Crop Cajanus Cajan L. with an Insecticid...ijtsrd
The article takes into an account of the extraction of different types of biochemical analysis of Pigeon pea with an insecticide Tafgor in a laboratory condition. Pigeon pea is a perennial tropical legume grown mainly in India. It belongs to the family Fabaceae. More than any other legumes adapted to the region, Pigeon pea uniquely combines optimal nutritional profiles and high tolerance to environmental stresses, high biomass productivity. Environmental stresses play a crucial role in the productivity, survival and reproductive biology of plants and crops. They result in diminish and loss of crop production. Dimethoate is a widely used organophosphate and acaricide. TAFGOR insecticide Dimethoate , used as a test chemical, was guaranteed at reagent from Rallis limited, India. First stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1g. of test chemical in 1L of distilled water. we have chosen only 8 concentrations control,50,100,200,400,600,800,1000 for biochemical analysis. This experiment is done under laboratory conditions with sowing 10 seeds in 8 germination bowls which contain 200 gm. of soil and sand 3 1 . The following day, after the exposure of seeds to light, there is rapid elongation of radicle and plumule. The percentage of amino acid content in root and shoot increases at 200 PPM and then decreases at 1000 PPM. The percentage of sugar in root and shoot increases at 400 PPM but decreases at 1000 PPM is 204.70 .and 51.71 . The percentage of protein of shoot is at 400 PPM increases but at 1000 PPM it decreases up to 56.81 . Similarly, in root the percentage of protein decreases at 200 PPM and at 1000 PPM it is 52.94 . At 200 PPM and 1000 PPM the percentage of DNA are 822.99 and 461.38 respectively. Similarly, in root, the percentage of DNA at 200 PPM is 373.42 and at 1000 PPM, it is 209.35 . Due to positive effect, at first it increases to the 200 PPM and after that it decreases due to more toxic effect. At 200 PPM and 1000 PPM the percentage of RNA are 117.01 and 96.35 respectively. Similarly, in root the percentage of RNA is 121.25 and at 1000 PPM it is 82.72 . Due to positive toxicity at first it increases to the 200 PPM and after that it decreases due to more toxic effect. The percentage of the biochemical contents increases from control to 200 or 400 PPM and then the percentage becomes lesser due to more toxic effect. Dr. Rasmita Padhy | Ashutosh Panigrahy | Ankita Mohapatra "Biochemical Analysis of a Leguminous Crop (Cajanus Cajan L.) with an Insecticide (TAFGOR)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30555.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/30555/biochemical-analysis-of-a-leguminous-crop-cajanus-cajan-l-with-an-insecticide-tafgor/dr-rasmita-padhy
Effects of pretreatment of single and mixed lignocellulosic substrates on pro...Mushafau Adebayo Oke
A mixed substrate (MS) comprising oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), oil palm frond (OPF), and rice husk (RH) was evaluated for endoglucanase production by Bacillus aerius S5.2. Effects of sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), and hydrothermal pretreatments on endoglucanase production were investigated. Endoglucanase production by B. aerius on the untreated (0.677 U/mL) and pretreated MS (0.305 – 0.630 U/mL) was generally similar, except that the acid (0.305 U/mL) and hydrothermal (0.549 U/mL) pretreatments that were more severe consequently produced significantly lower titres. Alkali pretreatment supported the highest enzyme production (0.630 U/mL) among all pretreatments that were studied. When endoglucanase production on the alkali-pretreated MS and single substrates (SS) was compared, alkali-pretreated EFB produced a titre (0.655 U/mL) similar to the MS, and this was significantly higher than titres recorded on OPF (0.504 U/mL) and RH (0.525 U/mL). Lower enzyme production was found to be consistent with higher pretreatment severity and greater removal of amorphous regions in all the pretreatments. Furthermore, combining the SS showed no adverse effects on endoglucanase production.
ABSTRACT- Biosurfactant is a structurally diverse group of surface-active molecule, synthesized by microorganisms. Kocuria rosea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from pesticide contaminated soil, which produces biosurfactant were studied. Curd whey was used as a cheap source of growth medium for biosurfactant production. There was formation of stable emulsions of biosurfactant containing broth with vegetable oil and kerosene. These strains produced a clear zone in oil spreading test, which is an indicative of the good biosurfactant activity. Both the strains produced extra cellular biosurfactant in the culture media and showed good foam stability in the culture medium. Biosurfactant was efficiently extracted from the culture broth by acetone-HCl precipitation. The biosurfactants from the two species, namely Kocuria rosea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to have no effects on germinating seedlings of Glycine max, Pisum sativum and Spinacia oleracea, when treated with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with the combination of curd whey in the making of 100ml volume. Curd whey as a control was taken with no surfactant. Our study suggested an efficient use in surfactant aided bioremediation in agricultural land.
Key-words- Biosurfactant, Kerosene, Emulsification, Oil spreading, Kocuria rosea, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Glycine max, Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea
Cumulative effect of modified atmospheric packaging on the textural and chemi...SukhveerSingh31
Fruits and vegetables have been consumed by humans since ancient times. Scientific
investigations have proved that an increased consumption of fruits and vegetables is known to
reduce instances of cancer and cardiovascular mortality (Bhardwaj et al., 2014)
Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Food Grade Ash Aqueous extra...Premier Publishers
This work focused on physicochemical and antimicrobial evaluations of food-grade ash extract from furnace ashed and charred plantain peel and palm bunches. Alkaline solutions obtained from these biogenic wastes and limestone were analyzed for their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. Results showed that the pH of the solutions was alkaline in nature ranging from 10.04 to 11.51. Limestone extract was highly turbid 0.201NTU, while limestone contained a lot of impurities with 35.64mg/L total dissolved solids. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) of furnace ashed plantain peel was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other samples. The aqueous extracts of these wastes and sodium sesquicarbonate (potash) were screened for the presence of their antimicrobial activities against the bacteria and fungi isolates. Microbial isolates use for the study was Bacillus substilis, Pseudomonas aerugenosa, Proteus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus Candida albicans, Candida pseudotropicalis and Penicillium expansuim. Charred plantain peel, palm bunch extracts, and limestone inhibited the growth of these microbial isolates. Furnace ashed samples of both plantain peel and palm bunch could not inhibit the microorganisms. Commercial potash extract, which was purchased in an open market, could not also inhibit the organisms. Commercial antibiotics Gentamycin (antibacterial) and Ketoconazole (antifungal) were used as positive controls in this study.
Isolation and Screening for Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus Niger Using...ijtsrd
The numerous applications of citric acid have increased its demand. It is of great importance to produce citric acid using adequate monosaccharides and dissacharides as they have proven to be easily catabolyzed and decomposed by Fungi when compared to polysaccharides. The superiority of sucrose to other sugars is a result of strong extracellular mycelium bound invertase of A.niger which rapidly hydrolyses sucrose at low pH. This project was undertaken to isolate, screen and produce citric acid in a submerged fermentation by four different strains of Aspergillus niger using sucrose. Aspergillus niger was isolated and characterized from garden soil. Citric acid production from Aspergillus niger in a submerged basal medium was quantitatively determined using titrimetric method. Aspergillus niger strain HUS1 ASHUS1 , Aspergillus niger strain HUS7 ASHUS7 , Aspergillus niger strain HG49 ASHG49 and Aspergillus niger strain AN8 ASAN8 showed significant accumulation of citric acid from the submerged basal medium, of which ASHUS 1 significantly a 0.05 recorded the most yield from the production after 9 days of incubation. Mbah, O. G | Okpalla, J. O | Osuala, O. J | Okoye, P. O | Alagbu, P. O "Isolation and Screening for Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus Niger Using Sucrose as a Carbon Source" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46260.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/46260/isolation-and-screening-for-citric-acid-production-by-aspergillus-niger-using-sucrose-as-a-carbon-source/mbah-o-g
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Transformation of Sandalwood Leaves (Santalum album) into Nutrient Rich Compo...AI Publications
It is significant to use renewable resources to maximize crop yields and minimize the environmental risks accompanying with chemical residues. Composting is an age old practice for the biological conversion of organic waste into a humus-like substance which can enhance physical, chemical and biological soil properties. Vermicomposting of leaf litter by Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugenia potentially play a substantial role in remediation of organic waste as well as building up of soil fertility for sustainable agriculture. Present study was based on the conversion of Sandal wood leaf waste into nutrient rich best source. Sandal wood leaf were chopped at fine level and later mixed with cattle dung in order to pre composting followed by addition of earthworm.Several factors were also analysed during process. It was found that physical factors viz. pH, temperature moisture content etc. were significantly fluctuating at initial time period but later it was stagnant at constant level. Volume of waste and density were also reduced at the end of process. Colour of waste also turned into black that was good for seed germination but bad for health of earthworm. Final product was found odour less. Present results revealed about favourable condition of addition of earthworm into leaf litter waste and also explore the capability of both earthworm species to degrade leaf litter after semi-digested condition.
Occurrence of Aflatoxin Levels in Harvest and Stored Groundnut Kernels in Kad...iosrjce
The occurrence of moulds and aflatoxins in groundnut kernels are of great concern to food
processors and consumers because of their ability to cause spoilage resulting to economic losses and public
health problem such as aflatoxicosis. This study was aimed at determining the presence of Aspergillus species
and aflatoxin levels in fresh harvested and stored groundnuts kernels from non-mechanized groundnut oil
processors in parts of Kaduna State. Enumeration and identification of Aspergillus spp of groundnut kernels;
freshly harvested and stored samples were carried out using standard methods. Aflatoxin levels were
determined using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result showed that both harvest and stored
products had significantly (P<0.05) higher number of samples containing Aspergillus flavus than Aspergillus
parasiticus. The four Aspergillus species isolated in descending order were: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus
parasiticus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus. Though only about 9.02% of the total 260 samples
screened had aflatoxin levels above the 20ppb recommended standard limit by Nigeria National Agency for
Food and Drug Administration and Control, it was obvious that the persistent detection of moulds and total
aflatoxin in this research could be a health threat to both human and animal groundnut products (cake and oil)
consumers.
Enhancing the Nutritive Values of Agrowastes for Animal Feed Production Using...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
Biochemical Analysis of a Leguminous Crop Cajanus Cajan L. with an Insecticid...ijtsrd
The article takes into an account of the extraction of different types of biochemical analysis of Pigeon pea with an insecticide Tafgor in a laboratory condition. Pigeon pea is a perennial tropical legume grown mainly in India. It belongs to the family Fabaceae. More than any other legumes adapted to the region, Pigeon pea uniquely combines optimal nutritional profiles and high tolerance to environmental stresses, high biomass productivity. Environmental stresses play a crucial role in the productivity, survival and reproductive biology of plants and crops. They result in diminish and loss of crop production. Dimethoate is a widely used organophosphate and acaricide. TAFGOR insecticide Dimethoate , used as a test chemical, was guaranteed at reagent from Rallis limited, India. First stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1g. of test chemical in 1L of distilled water. we have chosen only 8 concentrations control,50,100,200,400,600,800,1000 for biochemical analysis. This experiment is done under laboratory conditions with sowing 10 seeds in 8 germination bowls which contain 200 gm. of soil and sand 3 1 . The following day, after the exposure of seeds to light, there is rapid elongation of radicle and plumule. The percentage of amino acid content in root and shoot increases at 200 PPM and then decreases at 1000 PPM. The percentage of sugar in root and shoot increases at 400 PPM but decreases at 1000 PPM is 204.70 .and 51.71 . The percentage of protein of shoot is at 400 PPM increases but at 1000 PPM it decreases up to 56.81 . Similarly, in root the percentage of protein decreases at 200 PPM and at 1000 PPM it is 52.94 . At 200 PPM and 1000 PPM the percentage of DNA are 822.99 and 461.38 respectively. Similarly, in root, the percentage of DNA at 200 PPM is 373.42 and at 1000 PPM, it is 209.35 . Due to positive effect, at first it increases to the 200 PPM and after that it decreases due to more toxic effect. At 200 PPM and 1000 PPM the percentage of RNA are 117.01 and 96.35 respectively. Similarly, in root the percentage of RNA is 121.25 and at 1000 PPM it is 82.72 . Due to positive toxicity at first it increases to the 200 PPM and after that it decreases due to more toxic effect. The percentage of the biochemical contents increases from control to 200 or 400 PPM and then the percentage becomes lesser due to more toxic effect. Dr. Rasmita Padhy | Ashutosh Panigrahy | Ankita Mohapatra "Biochemical Analysis of a Leguminous Crop (Cajanus Cajan L.) with an Insecticide (TAFGOR)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30555.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/30555/biochemical-analysis-of-a-leguminous-crop-cajanus-cajan-l-with-an-insecticide-tafgor/dr-rasmita-padhy
Optimization of Storage Methods of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp) Bagged ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The dried leaves of Lippia multiflora were tested for the efficiency on the stored cowpea kernels in PICS bags. A central composite design with five levels represented by two factors affecting the beans storage was used for control the evolution of merchantability (weight loss) and health (AFB1, OTA and Aw) quality during the storage. The factors were: storage time (1 to 8 months) and quantity of biopesticides (0 to 5% of the container mass). Results showed that it is possible to assess ideal conditions to keep the cowpea kernel merchantability and health qualities during storage. The quality of the kernels maintained for a concentration in biopesticide greater than or equal to 1,26% during 8 months. In the planned optimal conditions, the experimental values were 3.50±0.50%, 1.48±0.3 µg/kg, 4.54±0.02 µg/kg and 0.71±0.03 for weight losses, aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and water activity (Aw) respectively. These values of weight losses, mycotoxins levels and were substantially equal to those predicted by the experimental model.
Use of date syrup as alternative carbon source for microbial cultivationPremier Publishers
In the present work, date syrup and date fruit soaked water as alternative carbon source for biomass production of Bacillus megaterium as model organism was optimized. Maximum biomass production was obtained on 2.8, 4.1 g/l for molasses and date fruits soaked respectively. This source was substantially greater than could be attained on media that used various other carbon sources. The optimal medium for producing the biomass was a mineral medium formulated with 8% of date syrup as the carbon source and 0.5 g/L (NH4)2SO4as the nitrogen source. At optimal fermentation time of 48 hrs, at 30oC.Water soaked and date syrup can be used to inexpensively produce biomassin batch fermentations using B. megaterium as phosphorus solubilizing soil bacteria. Farther more studies should be focused on agriculture cheapest sources as nature alternatives for carbon ear nitrogen sources.
This study was initiated in order to understand the biochemical mechanisms involved in the resistance of J. curcas to Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Artificial inoculations were done on young seedlings leaves of 8 J. curcas local accessions from Burkina Faso including 4 resistant and 4 susceptible. Two extractions were made for the evaluation of each biochemical parameter: one on the 1st day before and the second on the 7th day after inoculation. The study revealed that the response of J curcas to L. threobromae infection is depending to the resistance or the susceptibility of accessions. It showed an increase in the content of biomolecules synthesis such as phenolic, flavonoids, proteins, photosynthetic pigments, salicylic acid and also an increase of catalase and trypsin inhibition activities. In susceptible accessions, the study revealed a decrease in the photosynthetic pigments and an increase in MDA content comparatively to resistant accessions. The ACP performed on the basis of the evaluated biochemical parameters showed that the axis F1 allows the separation of the resistant and the susceptible accessions, and indicated that the resistance of accessions result in the activation of biomolecules synthesis such as phenolic, flavonoids, proteins, photosynthetic pigments, salicylic acid and stimulation of catalase and trypsin inhibition activities. The F2 axis is associated with sugars content and, chymotrypsin inhibition and SOD activities. In susceptible accessions, an increase in MDA content and SOD activity were observed. This study represents an important step in combating leaf fungal diseases by opting to the green technology and by breeding for genotypes with inducing natural defense compounds.
Nutritive compounds from leaves of Moringa oleifera L. and beans of Vigna ung...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract - The nutritive compounds of the shoots of Borassus aethiopum M. consumed in Côte d'Ivoire is not yet revealed whereas popularization of this plant’s basis food recipes is planned. The current study investigates the nutritive parameters of new shoots of Borassus aethiopum M., leaves of Moringa oleifera L. and beans of Vigna unguiculata W. in order to improve their valorization. Initially, samples of Palmyra are processed into meal, while powders are produced from those of Moringa and Cowpea. Then, seven nutritive traits performed from these derived products allow comparison of the studied food resources. The work showed a great divergence (P<.01) between the samples relating to the whole parameters. Thus, the leaflets powder of Moringa is more provided in ash (4.19±.05 g/100 g), lipids (8.35±.01 g/100 g) and fibers (5.74±.01 g/100 g) than samples resulting from Cowpea and Palmyra. On the other hand, the powder of Cowpea beans highlights the greatest proteins content (27.24±.13 g/100 g); whereas the meal deriving from shoots of Palmyra represents the most significant source of carbohydrates, either fermented (84.10±.11 g/100 g) or unfermented (83.79±.10 g/100 g). The meal of Palmyra is also richer in soluble sugars (5.19±.01 to 5.23±.01 g/100 g), moister (9.90±.03% to 10.03±.04%) and has the most significant caloric energy value (315.03±.10 to 315.41±.10 kcal/100 g).
The new shoots tubers, leaves and beans of respective Palmyra, Cowpea and Moringa plants are with diverse nutritive composition. Their uses in composite food formulations could contribute in preservation of the biodiversity, to ensure food safety for populations and to address the poverty and wilderness concerns.
Fruit and Vegetable Waste Hydrolysates as Growth Medium for Higher Biomass an...Premier Publishers
Fruit and vegetable wastes include peels, pulp and seeds that constitute about 40% of the total mass and constitute huge environmental problems. Cultivation of microalgae that utilizes fruit and vegetable wastes as feedstock to produce value added products such as biomass and lipids is a unique approach. Different concentrations of fruit waste hydrolysate (FWH) and vegetable waste hydrolysate (VWH) were used for heterotropic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris thereby optimizing the suitable hydrolysate concentration for higher biomass and lipid production. FWH in the ratio of 8:2 has produced maximum specific growth rate of 1.92 µ d-1. Higher biomass was recorded in growth medium supplemented with FWH (0.16 mg L-1) than VWH medium. Highest chlorophyll content of 7.2 mg L-1 was observed in 8:2 ratio of FWH whereas it was 4.3 mg L-1 in VWH at the same concentration. Carotenoid content was highest in VWH than FWH media with a maximum content of 0.52 and 0.42 mg L-1 respectively. Fruit waste hydrolysates significantly increased the total lipid content than the vegetable waste hydrolysate medium. Highest lipid content of 6.63 mg L-1 was recorded in 8:2 ratio of FWH. This work demonstrates the feasibility of fruit waste hydrolysate as a nutrient source for algal cultivation and a cost reduction of growth medium in algal biomass and lipid production.
Insecticidal Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Lophira Alata Ekki Against Cowp...ijtsrd
Methanolic extract of Lophira alata was evaluated for its efficacy as contact and fumigant insecticides on cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at ambient tropical conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The plant powder tested was applied at rates 0.0 control , 2.0 g and 3.0 g 20 g of cowpea seeds either directly for contact with the insect pest or in plastic containers to assess its fumigant toxicity. Results of contact toxicity assay showed that powders of L. alata was effective against the adult C. maculatus causing 90 mortality 4.00 ± 0.57 within 2 days of application at 3.0 g 20 g of cowpea seeds as compared with 90 mortality 5.38 ± 0.50 recorded on day 4 of 2.0 g concentration application. The results of fumigant assays showed that L. alata had the highest insecticidal activity causing 95 mortality of C. maculatus within 4 days of application at rate 3.0 g 20g of cowpea seeds in contrast to 80 mortality recorded in 96 hrs of 2.0g concentration application. The phytochemical screening of the plant revealed alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, phytosterols, tannis, flavonoids and terpenoids while reducing sugar was absent. This study showed that the tested plant product is toxic to cowpea bruchid and the powders can be mixed with cowpea seeds to prevent hatching of the eggs thereby helping in their management. Ifelolu A. Remi-Esan | Olusola O. Bankole "Insecticidal Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Lophira Alata (Ekki) Against Cowpea Bruchid (Callosobruchus Maculatus)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31207.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/other/31207/insecticidal-activity-of-stem-bark-extract-of-lophira-alata-ekki-against-cowpea-bruchid-callosobruchus-maculatus/ifelolu-a-remiesan
Detection of Alpha-Amylase Activity from Soil Bacteriaiosrjce
Alpha-amylase is one of the industrial enzymes that hydrolyze starch molecules into polymers
composed of glucose units. The enzyme has potential application in a wide number of industrial processes such
as food, textile, paper, detergent, fermentation and pharmaceutical industries. Alpha-amylase can be produced
by microorganisms, plants or animals.
Aim: The aim of this study is to detect the activity of alpha-amylase from bacteria isolated from soil
environment.
Method: Soil samples were inoculated onto the media that are rich in nutrient that favour the growth of the
bacteria and incubated for 24 hours at 37oC after which the bacterial growth was detected in form of colonies.
In this study, bacterial species belonging to the genus Bacillus were identified through phylogenetic analysis
using 16s-ribosomal RNA sequencing for detection of the enzymatic activity. Effects of pH and temperature on
the enzymatic activity were observed using DNS activity assay method.
Results: Positive response to alpha-amylase activity by the soil bacteria was observed by the formation of clear
zone of inhibition shown by the colonies on the petri plates.
Conclusions: The optimal pH and temperature activities showed that the bacteria exhibit enzymatic activity at
mesophilic temperature and acidophilic or alkalophilic pH.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Investigating the bacterial inactivation potential of purified okra (Hibiscus...AZOJETE UNIMAID
The ability of purified okra protein (POP) as coagulant and as disinfectant material in comparison with aluminium sulphate (AS) in water treatment was assessed. A laboratory jar test experiments and Colilert-18/Quanti-Tray method of bacterial analysis were conducted using POP as coagulant in treating river water. The results show an excellent dual performance function of POP against the conventional coagulant, AS in drinking water treatment. It was observed that a marked inactivation of approximately 100% of faecal and E-coli count in raw water was achieved with POP and zero regrowth of bacteria after 72-hour post treatment. However, there was regrowth in total coliform count as a result of the presence of other microbes other than E-coli and faecal coliform in the system. In all cases AS showed a reduced performance against the two indicator organisms achieving only 93% with remarkable regrowth of E-coli and faecal coliform after prolonged storage time in the clarified water. Turbidity removal was also noted to be approximately similar, 92% across all coagulants tested. Therefore, the use of POP in water treatment could improve access to clean water in developing countries and could help in reducing the import of water treatment chemicals.
Studies on Lysine Accumulation in the Broth Culture of Bacillus Species using...ijtsrd
Lysine production in the broth culture of Bacillus species using carbohydrates as carbon source and seed meals as nitrogen source was investigated. Different carbohydrate and proteins seeds were sourced from an open market in Awka Anambra State South Eastern Nigeria and prepared in the laboratory using standard procedures. The carbohydrates carbon source and seed meals nitrogen source were added into Erlenmeyer flasks containing the basal medium and inoculated with different cultures of Bacillus subtilis PR13, B. subtilis PR9 and B. pumilus SS16. Maize hydrolysate recorded the highest reducing sugar 5.2mg ml , followed by sorghum 4.8mg ml and the least was recorded by sweet potato 2.1mg ml .The best carbon source for maximum lysine yield by B. subtilis PR13 was millet, while for B. subtilis PR9 and B. pumilus SS16 it was sorghum respectively. Maximum lysine production by B. subtilis PR13 was stimulated at a millet concentration of 6 , while enhanced lysine yield by B. subtilis PR9 and B. pumilus SS16 was observed at a sorghum concentration of 6 . The best nitrogen source for enhanced lysine yield by B. subtilis PR13 and B. pumilus SS16 was soyabean meal respectively, while for B. subtilis PR9 the best was peanut meal. Optimum lysine yield by B. subtilis PR13 and B. pumilus SS16 was observed at soyabean concentrations of 4 and 2 respectively, while maximum lysine accumulation by B. subtilis PR9 was observed at 4 . These findings indicate appreciable lysine production capability of Bacillus species when agricultural products are used as carbon and nitrogen sources. Okpalla J. | Ekwealor I. A. "Studies on Lysine Accumulation in the Broth Culture of Bacillus Species using Carbohydrates as Carbon Sources and Seed Meals as Nitrogen Sources" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21444.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/21444/studies-on-lysine-accumulation-in-the-broth-culture-of-bacillus-species-using-carbohydrates-as-carbon-sources-and-seed-meals-as-nitrogen-sources/okpalla-j
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) from...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— The use of anaerobic digestate as fertilizer is considered beneficial since it provides plant nutrients and organic matter to soils. However, there is limited information about plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) in digestate. In this study, we isolated Bacillus and Pseudomonas from two types of anaerobic digestates, and selected three different plant growth promoting traits and antifungal activity to screen 200 bacteria isolated from each digestate. Then 6 isolates based on plant growth promoting traits were selected and inoculated with common wheat seeds to evaluate their plant growth promoting activity. Cultivable population of Bacillus and Pseudomonas were 2.20 × 10 6 and 6.98 × 10 4 CFU g-1 dry matter in mesophilic digestate, while were 6.86 × 10 5 and 5.65 × 10 4 CFU g-1 dry matter in thermophilic digestate. Twenty-five bacterial isolates from mesophilic digestate and 12 bacterial isolates from thermophilic digestate showed positive plant growth promoting traits or antifungal activity. In plant growth promoting assay, all isolates significantly promoted growth of wheat seedlings (p < 0.05). Seedlings stem length was increased from 28.5% to 38.6% by bacteria inoculation. In addition, bacteria inoculation increased seedlings stem weight from 113.3% to 214.2% and root weight from 108.6% to 207.2% as compared to un-inoculated control. The results showed that anaerobic digestate was a potential source for isolation of PGPB, and PGPB in digestate would be beneficial for plant growth with fertilizer application.
Optimization of Cultural Parameters for Cellulase Enzyme Production from Fung...IOSR Journals
Cellulalytic fungi synthesize cellulose enzyme for biodegradation of cellulose. This depends on various condition which include the source f isolation. This study was designed to determine the optimum condition necessary for cellulose production by fungi. Cellulose activities at different temperatures, pH and nitrogen sources by Rhizopus oryzae Aspergillus niger; A. flams, P. expansum and A. oryzae in liquid medium was studied and cellulose enzyme assay carried out by dinitrosalicylic acid method. All the fungal isolates have their highest cellulose activity at 400c except Penicillium expansum whose highest value of 1.28mg/ml was obtained at 320c. Cellulase produced 6m was found to be highest in all the isolate at pH 4.0 exception P expansum which occur at pH 5.5 (1.21mg/ml). The highest value e1.45mg/ml was obtained in A niger. Highest cellulose activity for A. niger, A. oryzae & P. expansum occurred in peptone. The study shows the need to determine the best physiological condition that allow for the optimal cellulose activity of fungal isolate. This will enhance their enzyme production.
Similar to Study on Characterization of Various Biofilms Prepared by Starch Isolated from Maranta Arundinacea L. (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26588 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 991
1.1. Botanical description
Botanical name - Maranta arundienacea L.
Family name - Marantaceae
Myanmar name - Ar-ta-lut
English name - Arrowroot
Part used - Rhizome
Medicinal uses - diarrhea, vomiting, pain or fever,stomach
and intestinal disorder, leucorrhoea, ulcer
rheumatism, and skin diseases.
Figure 1: Plant, flower and rhizome of Arrowroot
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Sample collection
The rhizomes of Arrowroot were purchased from the local
market, Mandalay region. The collected samples were
washed with water several times to remove the impurities
adhered to the surface and removed the paper-like scales.
Then, the samples were cut into small pieces and dried inair
at room temperature andgrain the powder.
2.2. Determination of some Physico-chemical
characterizations of the rhizome of Arrowroot
Nutritional values of the rhizome of Arrowroot were
measured by AOAC (Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, 2000)[11] method.
2.3. Determination of elemental analysisinrhizome of
Arrowroot
The elemental contents of dried powder of rhizome of
Arrowroot were determined by using EDXRF method.
2.4. Antimicrobial activities of the rhizome of
Arrowroot
Antimicrobial activitiesoftherhizomeof Arrowrootbyusing
three solvents extracts such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate and
ethanol were investigated against Bacillus subtilis,
Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomenas aeruginosa, Bacillus
pumilus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli species by
employing Agar well diffusion method.
2.5. Qualitative analysis of starch in the rhizome of
Arrowroot
2.5.1. Iodine test
2g of sample was weighed and added with 25mL of distilled
water. The solution was heated for 15 minutes and then
cooled and filtered. 2mL of filtrate was reacted with 2drops
of iodine solution. The blue color was disappeared during
heating. Then, it was cooled, the blue color was reappeared.
Finally, it was mixed with 5 drops of sodium hydroxide
solution. The blue color was disappeared. The starchmaybe
present.
2.5.2 Tannic acid test
2g of the sample was boiled with 25mL of distilled water for
10 minutes. It was cooled and filtered.Thefiltratewas mixed
with 3 drops of tannic acid solution. The white precipitate
was obtained. Then, it was heated again for 10 minutes. The
white precipitate was disappeared. So, starch may be
present.
2.6. Extraction of starch from fresh Arrowroot
Arrowroot was first washed and cleaned of the paper-like
scales. After removing these scales, the roots were washed
again and cut into small pieces. 100g of fresh sample and
200mL of distilled water were blended toget homogeneous
slurry. The milky liquid was filtered with a coarse into a
beaker and allowed to stand for 1 hour. The residual
containing starch was washed with 200mL of distilled water
and blended again. Then the mixture was filtered and the
filtrate was allowed to stand for 1 hour. The liquid abovethe
settle was decanted. Finally, the obtainedstarch wasdried at
room temperature. The yield percent was calculated.
Yield percent = Weight of Starch (g) × 100
Weight of Arrowroot (g)
2.6.1. FT IR spectrophotometric analysis of extracted
starch
The functionalgroups of extracted starch were determined
by using FT IR spectrophotometer.
2.7. Preparation of pure starch film
2g of starch powder and 50mL of distilled water were put
into 250mL beaker. And then, the mixture was stirred and
heated at 50°C for 2 hours on the magnetic stirrertobecome
the homogeneous solution. After degassing, 10mL of the
mixture solution was poured into each Petri dish and it was
maintained at room temperature for 5 days. Finally, thepure
starch film was obtained.
2.8. Preparation of starch-PVA (1:1) film
1g of starch powder and 1g of PVA were added into 250mL
beaker. Then, 50mL of distilled water was added into a
beaker. The mixture solution was stirred and heated at50°C
for 2hours on the magnetic stirrer to become the
homogenous solution. After degassing, 10mL of mixture
solution was poured into each petri dish and it was kept at
room temperature for 5 days. Starch-PVA (1:1) film was
obtained.
2.9. Preparation of starch-PVA (1:2) film
1g of starch powder and 2g of polyvinyl alcohol were added
into 50mL of distilled water in a 250mL beaker. Then, the
mixture was stirred and heated at 50°C for 2 hours on the
magnetic stirrer to obtain a homogeneous solution. After
degassing, 10mL of mixture solution was poured into each
Petri dish and it was maintained at room temperature for 5
days. And then, starch-PVA (1:2) film was obtained.
2.10. Preparation of starch-sorbitol (1:1) film
1g of starch powder and 1g of D-sorbitol were put into a
150mL beaker and 50mL of distilled water was added. And
then, the mixture solution was stirred and heatedat50°Cfor
2 hours toget a homogeneous solution. After degassing,
10mL of solution was poured into each petri dish and it was
kept at room temperature for 5 days. Starch-Sorbitol (1:1)
film was obtained.
2.11. Preparation of starch-sorbitol (1:2) film
1g of starch powder and 2g of D-sorbitol were added into a
150mL beaker and filled with 50mL of distilled water. Then,
it was stirred and heated at 50°C for 2hours toget a
homogeneous solution. After degassing, 10mL of solution
was poured into each Petri dish and it was maintained at
room temperature for 5 days. Starch-sorbitol (1:2) film was
obtained.
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26588 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 992
2.12. Preparation of starch-PEG (1:1) film
1g of starch powder and 1g of PEG were added into a 50mL
of distilled water in a beaker. Then, the mixture was stirred
and heated at 50°C for 2 hours on amagneticstirrertoobtain
a homogeneous solution. After degassing, 10mL of solution
was poured into each petri dish and it was maintained at
room temperature for 5 days. The starch-PEG (1:1) film was
obtained.
2.13. Preparation of starch-PEG (1:2) film
1g of starch powder and 2g of polyethyleneglycol were put
into a 150mL beaker. Then, 50mL of distilled water was
added into a beaker. It was stirred and heated at 50°C for 2
hours on the magnetic stirrer toget a homogeneoussolution.
After degassing, 10mL of mixture solution was poured into
each petri dish and it was maintained at room temperature
for 5 days. Finally, starch-PEG (1:2) film was obtained.
2.14. Determination of mechanical properties of
prepared films
Mechanical properties of prepared films such as thickness,
tensile strength, elongation at breaks, tear strength were
measured.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this section, the results obtained from the experimental
works such as some physicochemical properties, mineral
contents, antimicrobial activity, isolation of starch,
preparation of starch films and characterization of starch-
based films were discussed.
3.1. Some physicochemical properties of the rhizome
of Arrowroot
Physicochemical properties of rhizome of Arrowroot dried
powder such as pH, moisture content and ash content were
determined. The results were shown in Table 1. All of the
resulting data were obtained by triplicate measurements.
Mean value was described for each.
Table1: Physicochemical properties of rhizome of
Arrowroot
According to Table 1, the rhizome of Arrowroot contains
moisture 8.3%, ash 2.7% and pH 8.5 respectively.
3.2. EDXRF Analysis of Rhizome of Arrowroot
The elemental contents of the rhizome of Maranta
arundinacea L. were determined by EDXRF method. The
results were described in Table 2.
Table2 Elemental Contents in the rhizome of Arrowroot
No. Symbol Element Composition (%)
1. K Potassium 0.980
2. S Sulphur 0.090
3. P Phosphorus 0.076
4. Ca Calcium 0.015
5. Fe Iron 0.03
6. Cu Copper 0.002
7. Mn Manganese 0.001
8. Rb Rubelium 0.001
9. Br Bromine 0.001
10. Zn Zinc 0.001
Table 2 shows that potassium was the highest amount inthe
sample. Decreasing order of mineral content is K > S > P > Ca
> Fe > Cu > Mn > Rb > Br > Zn. So, the rhizome of Arrowroot
contains essential minerals for human health.
Figure 2: EDXRF spectrum of the rhizome of Arrowroot
3.3. Antimicrobial activities of the rhizome of
Arrowroot
The study of antimicrobial activities of the rhizome of
Arrowroot was performed by agar well diffusion method on
six microorganisms. These results were shown in Table (3)
and Figure 3.
Table3: Antimicrobial activities of the rhizome of Arrowroot
Sample Solvents
Inhibition Zone
I II III IV V VI
Rhizome of
Arrowroot
EtOH 16 mm (++) 16 mm (++) 14 mm (+) 15 mm (++) 14 mm (+) 15 mm (++)
EtOAc 11 mm (+) 13 mm (+) 13 mm (+) 15 mm (++) 12 mm (+) 14 mm (+)
n-hexane 12 mm (+) 11 mm (+) (–) 13 mm (+) 12 mm (+) 11 mm (+)
Zone diameter Organisms
well diameter = 10mm I = Bacillus subtilis
0mm = (-) II = Staphylococcus aureus
10 mm ∼ 14 mm = (+) III = Pseudomonas aeruginosa
15 mm ∼19 mm = (++) IV =Bacillus Pumilus
20 mm above = (+++) V = Candida albicans
VI = E-coli
No. Parameters Apparatus used Results
1.
Moisture
content
Temperature
controlled oven
8.3%
2. Ash content
Temperature
controlled Muffle
furnace
2.7%
3. pH pH meter 8.5
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26588 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 993
Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacillus pumilus Candida albicans E.coli
Figure 3: Animicrobial activities of various solvent extracts of the rhizome of Arrowroot
According to the results, ethanol extract of the sample shows medium activities on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus,
Bacillus pumilus, E-coli and low activities on the remaining two organisms. Ethyl acetate extractrespondsonmedium activities
on Bacillus pumilus and low activities on the other five tested organisms and n-hexane extract has low activities on all tested
organisms.
3.4. Qualitative analysis of starch in the rhizome of Arrowroot
The qualitative analysis of starch in the rhizome of Maranta arundinacea L. was determined by the following two tests. The
observation was described in Table 4
Table4: Special test for starch
No. Test Extract Reagent Observation Results
1. Iodine Test D/W I2 solution, NaOH
Blue color appears
Blue color disappear
+
2. Tannic Acid Test D/W Excess Tannic Acid solution White ppt +
Figure 4: (a) Iodine test (b) Tannic acid test
From these results, it was observed that the rhizome of Arrowroot sample consists of starch.
3.5. Extraction of starch from fresh Arrowroot
The yield percent of starch from the rhizome of Arrowroot was found to be 27.25 ± 0.001%.
3.6. FT IR spectrophotometric analysis of extracted starch from Arrowroot
The functionalgroups of extracted starch were determined by using FT IR spectrophotometer.
Figure 5: FT IR spectrum of isolated starch Figure 6: FT IR spectrum of standard starch
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26588 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 994
3.7. Preparation of various types of biofilms
The various types of films such as Pure starch films, starch-PVAfilms(1:1/1:2),starch-sorbitolfilms(1:1/1:2), starch-PEG films
(1:1/1;2) were prepared by Casting method. The different types of prepared films were shown in figure-7.
Pure Starch film Starch-PVA (1:1) film Starch-PVA (1:2) film
Starch-Sorbitiol (1:1) film Starch-Sorbitol(1:2) film
Starch-PEG (1:1) film Starch-PEG (1:2) film
Figure 7: The various types of prepared biofilms based on Arrowroot starch
3.8. Mechanical properties of different types of Biofilms
According to investigations of mechanical properties of prepared biofilms, the pure starchfilmisthicker thanothers(0.05 mm
thickness). The best tensile strength (25.3 MPa), elongation at break (275%) and the best tear strength (72.5kN/m) were
observed at starch- sorbitol (1:1) biofilm. The starch-PVA (1:2) film was found that the second largest of elongation at break
(145%), tear strength (60.0kN/m) and thickness (0.09mm).
Table5: Mechanical properties of different types of films
No Sample
Thickness
(mm)
Tensile strength
(MPa)
Elongation at
Break (%)
Tear strength
(kN/m)
1. Pure Starch 0.05 16.3 67 22.5
2. Starch-PVA (1:1) 0.10 3.8 45 53.0
3. Starch-PVA (1:2) 0.09 8.4 145 60.0
4. Starch- PEG (1:1) 0.11 12.3 45 60.0
5. Starch-PEG (1:2) 0.10 12.8 93 45.5
6. Starch-sorbitol (1:1) 0.10 25.3 275 72.5
7. Starch-sorbitol (1:2) 0.12 6.5 85 15.7
Figure 8(a) Thickness of prepared biofilms Figure 8 (b) Tensile strength of prepared biofilms
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26588 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 995
Figure 8 (c) Elongation at break of prepared biofilms Figure 8 (d) Tear strength of prepared biofilms
4. CONCLUSIONS
In this research work, one of the richest sources of starch,
Maranta arundinacea L. (Arrowroot) was selected for the
preparation of biofilms and otherinvestigations.Seven types
of bio-films were prepared and their characteristics were
studied. Among them, starch sorbitol 1:1 film is the best
mechanical properties than others. Biofilm can harbor
human infections agents in the environment, but they also
can promote remediation of contaminatedgroundwater and
soil. Biofilms can be potential tools to clean up
environmental pollution andreturningan environment from
an altered state back to its natural one with the help of
microorganisms. Though collecting oil and running it
through a biofilm filter of some sort isnota common method
to clean up oil spills today, it may be an interesting option to
explore in the future.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to express thegratitude to Dr. Thida
Win, Rector, the University of Mandalay and Dr. Yee Yee
Myint, Professor, Head of Department of Chemistry,
University of Mandalay, Myanmar for their kind interest,
individualadviceand encouragements onourresearch work.
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