Nutrition12
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Minerals play important roles in the body. Trace minerals like iron, zinc, and manganese and major minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium are essential but not altered during digestion. Factors like phytate, oxalate, and fiber can affect how well the body absorbs minerals. Minerals have roles like building bone and muscle, regulating biological processes, acting as enzyme cofactors, and maintaining fluid balance. Calcium levels in the blood are regulated by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin from the parathyroid gland and small intestine. Iron is important for carrying oxygen in hemoglobin and is absorbed in the small intestine and stored in the liver, bone marrow, and muscles. Zinc is necessary for
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Potassium
Potassium was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy through electrolysis of molten potassium hydroxide. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that burns with a lilac color flame. Potassium plays an important role in the human body as a major electrolyte to help muscles and nerves function properly and is found in foods like beans, potatoes, bananas, and yogurt. Deficiency can cause weakness, numbness, nausea and irregular heartbeat while adequate intake through diet is important for overall health and organ function.
Calcium metabolism and disorders
This document discusses calcium homeostasis and metabolism. It covers:
1) The roles of calcium in various physiological processes like muscle contraction and hormone secretion.
2) The effects of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia on the body.
3) Bone structure and the roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling.
4) The regulation of calcium levels by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
5) Vitamin D metabolism and the effects of vitamin D deficiency and excess.
6) Dietary sources and recommended daily calcium intake for different age groups.
Mineral metabolism
Minerals are inorganic compounds that are required for the body as one of the nutrients.
The inorganic elements (minerals) constitute only small potion of body weight.
Human body needs number of minerals for its functioning.
Jyoti chemistry calcium ppt
Calcium is essential for many bodily functions. It makes up 1-1.5 kg of the total body weight, with 99% located in bones and teeth. Calcium deficiencies can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Calcium ions are also needed for blood clotting, enzyme activation, nerve signal transmission, muscle contraction including the heart, and hormone secretion. Calcium channel blockers used to treat conditions like angina and arrhythmias work by blocking calcium ion channels in cardiac and smooth muscle as well as heart conduction pathways. Calcium supplements may be used to treat osteoporosis, rickets, hypoparathyroidism, and tetany caused by low calcium levels.
Potassium at a glance
Potassium is a mineral important for many bodily functions like muscle contractions and regulating heartbeat. It is found in foods like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains. A potassium deficiency can cause muscle cramps, congestive heart failure, diarrhea, and other conditions. It is important to get adequate potassium through diet or supplements.
Potassium
Potassium is an essential mineral that was discovered in 1807. It is found in many foods like bananas, potatoes, and salmon. Potassium absorption occurs passively in the small intestine and is transported into cells via pumps. It helps regulate fluid balance, muscle contractions, and nerve signals. Most potassium is stored inside cells and excess is excreted in urine. Deficiency can cause symptoms like fatigue and leg cramps, while toxicity from too many supplements can impact the heart. The recommended daily intake is 1100-3750 mg depending on age and sex.
Role of calcium
Calcium is a metallic element with an atomic number of 20. It has a silver-white color and melting point of 838.8°C. 99% of calcium in the human body is found in bones and teeth, where it forms the biominerals necessary for structural integrity. Calcium plays important roles in muscle contraction, blood clotting, gluconeogenesis, and acting as a messenger for hormonal activation through the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin systems. Deficiencies can lead to diseases like rickets and osteoporosis, while too much calcium can cause hypercalcemia.
Macromineral
Potassium is required for several important biochemical functions in the body, including maintaining intracellular osmotic pressure and acid-base balance. It is also involved in cardiac and skeletal muscle activities, nerve impulse transmission, and protein biosynthesis. The average adult contains around 3500 mEq of potassium, most of which is found in skeletal muscle. A daily intake of 3-4 grams is recommended, which can be obtained through foods like bananas, oranges, potatoes, beans, and liver. Both hypokalemia (low potassium) and hyperkalemia (high potassium) can cause issues like muscle weakness, cardiac problems, and changes in mental status.
Recommended
Potassium
Potassium was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy through electrolysis of molten potassium hydroxide. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that burns with a lilac color flame. Potassium plays an important role in the human body as a major electrolyte to help muscles and nerves function properly and is found in foods like beans, potatoes, bananas, and yogurt. Deficiency can cause weakness, numbness, nausea and irregular heartbeat while adequate intake through diet is important for overall health and organ function.
Calcium metabolism and disorders
This document discusses calcium homeostasis and metabolism. It covers:
1) The roles of calcium in various physiological processes like muscle contraction and hormone secretion.
2) The effects of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia on the body.
3) Bone structure and the roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling.
4) The regulation of calcium levels by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
5) Vitamin D metabolism and the effects of vitamin D deficiency and excess.
6) Dietary sources and recommended daily calcium intake for different age groups.
Mineral metabolism
Minerals are inorganic compounds that are required for the body as one of the nutrients.
The inorganic elements (minerals) constitute only small potion of body weight.
Human body needs number of minerals for its functioning.
Jyoti chemistry calcium ppt
Calcium is essential for many bodily functions. It makes up 1-1.5 kg of the total body weight, with 99% located in bones and teeth. Calcium deficiencies can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Calcium ions are also needed for blood clotting, enzyme activation, nerve signal transmission, muscle contraction including the heart, and hormone secretion. Calcium channel blockers used to treat conditions like angina and arrhythmias work by blocking calcium ion channels in cardiac and smooth muscle as well as heart conduction pathways. Calcium supplements may be used to treat osteoporosis, rickets, hypoparathyroidism, and tetany caused by low calcium levels.
Potassium at a glance
Potassium is a mineral important for many bodily functions like muscle contractions and regulating heartbeat. It is found in foods like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains. A potassium deficiency can cause muscle cramps, congestive heart failure, diarrhea, and other conditions. It is important to get adequate potassium through diet or supplements.
Potassium
Potassium is an essential mineral that was discovered in 1807. It is found in many foods like bananas, potatoes, and salmon. Potassium absorption occurs passively in the small intestine and is transported into cells via pumps. It helps regulate fluid balance, muscle contractions, and nerve signals. Most potassium is stored inside cells and excess is excreted in urine. Deficiency can cause symptoms like fatigue and leg cramps, while toxicity from too many supplements can impact the heart. The recommended daily intake is 1100-3750 mg depending on age and sex.
Role of calcium
Calcium is a metallic element with an atomic number of 20. It has a silver-white color and melting point of 838.8°C. 99% of calcium in the human body is found in bones and teeth, where it forms the biominerals necessary for structural integrity. Calcium plays important roles in muscle contraction, blood clotting, gluconeogenesis, and acting as a messenger for hormonal activation through the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin systems. Deficiencies can lead to diseases like rickets and osteoporosis, while too much calcium can cause hypercalcemia.
Macromineral
Potassium is required for several important biochemical functions in the body, including maintaining intracellular osmotic pressure and acid-base balance. It is also involved in cardiac and skeletal muscle activities, nerve impulse transmission, and protein biosynthesis. The average adult contains around 3500 mEq of potassium, most of which is found in skeletal muscle. A daily intake of 3-4 grams is recommended, which can be obtained through foods like bananas, oranges, potatoes, beans, and liver. Both hypokalemia (low potassium) and hyperkalemia (high potassium) can cause issues like muscle weakness, cardiac problems, and changes in mental status.
Minerals
This document discusses minerals and their functions in the human body. It begins by defining minerals as inorganic elements essential for human nutrition and health. Minerals are categorized as either major minerals, which are needed in amounts greater than 100 mg per day, or trace minerals, which are needed in smaller amounts. The document then examines the specific roles and food sources of various major minerals like calcium, sodium, potassium, and chloride, as well as trace minerals like iron, zinc, and iodine. It explores how the body maintains mineral balance and the key functions minerals serve, such as in fluid balance, blood formation, bone health, and cellular processes.
Calcium metabolism
This document provides an overview of calcium metabolism and its importance for dental and skeletal health. It discusses that 99% of calcium in the body is found in bones and teeth, with the remaining 1% playing a vital role in various physiological processes. It outlines calcium requirements at different life stages, food sources of calcium, supplements, factors affecting calcium absorption and homeostasis, and consequences of calcium imbalance like osteoporosis and excessive alveolar bone loss. The role of vitamins, hormones and other factors in calcium metabolism is also summarized.
Calcium metabolism,ppt
This document discusses calcium metabolism and homeostasis. It notes that calcium levels are tightly regulated by the intestine, kidneys, bones, and hormones. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium absorption from the intestine and bones while decreasing urinary calcium excretion. Vitamin D increases intestinal calcium absorption. Calcitonin decreases bone resorption. Together, these organs and hormones work to maintain calcium levels within a narrow range. Imbalances can lead to hypo- or hypercalcemia with various neurological, cardiac, and musculoskeletal symptoms.
Minerals, water and electrolytes
Minerals play important structural and regulatory roles in the body. Major minerals, also called macrominerals, include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium, which are present in larger amounts and are crucial for bones, teeth, muscle and nerve function. Trace minerals, also called microminerals, such as iron, zinc, selenium, and manganese, are needed in smaller amounts but still essential as components of enzymes and for other metabolic processes. Minerals are obtained from foods and their absorption and balance in the body are tightly controlled. Deficiencies or toxicities can occur if intake is inadequate or excessive.
Blood calcium
Calcium is essential for many bodily functions like bone formation, muscle contraction, nerve signaling etc. 99% of calcium is stored in bones and remaining 1% is present in extracellular fluids. Calcium level is tightly regulated by parathyroid hormone, calcitriol (active form of vitamin D), and calcitonin. These hormones work to maintain calcium between 9-11 mg/dL by mobilizing calcium from bones and kidneys and absorbing it from intestines. An imbalance in these regulatory hormones can lead to conditions like osteoporosis and rickets.
Minerals principal elements
This document discusses several key minerals that are essential for human health, including their functions, dietary sources, and normal/abnormal levels. It focuses on calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium. Calcium and phosphorus are the most abundant minerals in the body and are essential for bone and teeth formation. They work together and their levels are tightly regulated. Magnesium and sodium also play important roles, with magnesium serving as a cofactor for enzymes and sodium maintaining fluid balance and nerve function. Abnormal levels of these minerals can cause health issues.
Calcium and phosphate METABOLISM
This document discusses calcium and phosphorus regulation in the body. It covers calcium and phosphorus metabolism, factors that regulate them, and their roles in tooth mineralization. Calcium is the most abundant mineral and is essential for skeletal structure, muscle function, nerve impulses, and other physiological processes. Homeostasis of calcium is maintained through dietary intake, absorption in the gut, and regulation by parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D, and kidneys.
Calcium Metabolism
Calcium metabolism is regulated by parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and calcitonin to maintain normal blood calcium levels. Calcium is important for many bodily functions and is found primarily in bones and blood plasma. Hormonal regulation involves calcium absorption from the gut, resorption from bones, and reabsorption in kidneys. Issues arise if these levels are too high (hyperparathyroidism) or low (hypoparathyroidism, osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia).
Calcium metabolism
Calcium and phosphate metabolism are regulated by hormones to maintain normal levels in the blood and body. Calcium is important for bone formation, muscle function, and other cellular processes. The majority of calcium and phosphate are stored in the bones. Parathyroid hormone, calcitriol (vitamin D), and calcitonin work to balance calcium levels by affecting absorption from food and excretion or resorption from bones. Similarly, phosphate levels are regulated by these hormones through intestinal absorption, urinary excretion, and bone resorption and deposition.
The macrominerals
Calcium plays an important role in bone and teeth strength and in many physiological functions. It is absorbed in the small intestine through an active process requiring vitamin D and calcium-binding proteins. Factors like gastric acidity, hormones, vitamin D, lactose, citric acid, fat intake, and exercise can influence calcium absorption. The body tightly regulates calcium levels in blood and tissues through hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin that mobilize calcium from bones and kidneys. Dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, leafy greens, fish with bones.
Minerals
Our body needs many minerals. A balanced diet usually provides all of the essential minerals. The ppt list minerals, what they do in the body their functions, and their sources in foods. It also included deficiencies and toxic effects.
Mineral metabolism
This document discusses mineral metabolism and provides details on specific minerals including sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfur, and calcium. It covers their sources, absorption, functions, normal levels, and clinical conditions related to abnormal levels. For each mineral, absorption and excretion processes are described along with roles in the body. Causes and symptoms of both hypo- and hyper- conditions are outlined.
Calcium presentation
Atdtiens.jalal,Tiens.com.Jalal,
Tiens Distributor Login,HomeRegisterForgot password,Tiens Group Co. Ltd.('Tiens Group'), founded in 1995 by Mr. Li Jinyuan in Tianjin, China
Best Opp Of Jalal Ahmed Awan,TIENS Pakistan,Jalal Ahmed Tiens
Tiens.com.Jalal,
Tiens Distributor Login,HomeRegisterForgot password,Tiens Group Co. Ltd.('Tiens Group'), founded in 1995 by Mr. Li Jinyuan in Tianjin, China
Best Opp Of Jalal Ahmed Awan,TIENS Pakistan,Jalal Ahmed Tiens
Minerals
Minerals are inorganic elements needed by the body for functions like building tissues, regulating fluids, and assisting in bodily processes. Major minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and potassium are required in amounts greater than 100mg daily, while trace minerals such as iron, iodine, and zinc are needed in lesser amounts. The document provides details on common food sources, functions, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms for each major and trace mineral.
Calcium homeostasis
Calcium homeostasis involves absorption of calcium from the intestine, regulation by parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin, and storage in bone. PTH increases calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and renal reabsorption and vitamin D absorption. Vitamin D increases intestinal calcium absorption. Calcitonin decreases calcium by inhibiting bone resorption. Hypocalcemia causes neurological symptoms and hypercalcemia causes gastrointestinal and renal issues. Conditions are diagnosed by calcium levels and other tests and treated by calcium supplementation or intravenous calcium for hypocalcemia and hydration and medications for hypercalcemia.
Calcium
Calcium is essential for many physiological processes in the body. It makes up 1-1.5% of total body weight, with 99% located in bones and teeth. Dietary sources include dairy products, eggs, fish, and leafy greens. The recommended daily intake is 500 mg for adults and 1200 mg for children. Calcium is absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum through an active transport process requiring energy and carrier proteins. Homeostasis is maintained by calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin which regulate absorption from the intestine and resorption from bones. Imbalances can cause hypercalcemia with symptoms like confusion and arrhythmias, or hypocalcemia/
Calcium 101 The Fundamentals of Calcium
This document provides an overview of calcium and how the supplement Instant CalMag-C can help maintain calcium levels. It discusses that calcium is essential for the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems and is regulated by the parathyroid gland. For calcium to be active, it must work with magnesium in a 2:1 ratio and be in the form of calcium gluconate. Instant CalMag-C contains this precise calcium to magnesium ratio plus vitamin C to aid absorption. Maintaining balanced calcium and magnesium levels through supplements like Instant CalMag-C can support overall health.
Bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis
Bone is a metabolically active tissue that undergoes constant remodeling. The major cells involved in the remodeling process are osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Bone metabolism is closely interrelated with the metabolism of calcium, which also involves the intestine and kidney. Calcium balance is hormonally regulated by parathyroid hormone, vitamin D metabolites and calcitonin.
Calcium, phosphorus, potassium
Calcium, phosphorus, and potassium are essential minerals that play important roles in bone health, cell signaling, energy production, and other physiological processes. Calcium is critical for bone structure and strength. Phosphorus is also structural and involved in energy production. Potassium helps nerves and muscles function properly. Deficiencies can lead to bone diseases like rickets or osteomalacia. Maintaining adequate intake through diet or supplements is important for prevention of diseases like osteoporosis and kidney stones.
Calcium metabolism, vitamin d, parathyroid hormone
Calcium plays a key role in skeletal muscle contraction, cardiac muscle contraction, smooth muscle contraction, blood clotting, and nerve impulse transmission. The majority of calcium in the body is stored in the bones, serving as a reservoir. A small amount is found extracellularly and intracellularly. Calcium is exchanged between tissues as needed. Bone consists of a collagen matrix and calcium salts, primarily hydroxyapatite but also some amorphous salts, which provide a readily available source of exchangeable calcium.
Minerals 2
This document discusses various minerals and their roles and requirements in the human body. It covers both macro minerals like calcium, sodium, and potassium, as well as micro/trace minerals like iron, iodine, fluorine and selenium. Each mineral is described in terms of its functions, dietary sources, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, and recommended daily intake levels.
Selenium compounds boost immune system to fight against cancer
Selenium compounds found naturally in foods like garlic and broccoli can boost the immune system to fight cancers like melanoma, prostate cancer, and certain leukemias. Researchers have found that selenium weakens the effect of immunostimulatory molecules produced by some cancer cells that over-activate the immune system and cause it to collapse. In particular, selenium appears to effectively neutralize a variant of the NGK2D ligand involved in aggressive cancers that assumes a liquid form in the bloodstream.
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What's hot
Minerals
This document discusses minerals and their functions in the human body. It begins by defining minerals as inorganic elements essential for human nutrition and health. Minerals are categorized as either major minerals, which are needed in amounts greater than 100 mg per day, or trace minerals, which are needed in smaller amounts. The document then examines the specific roles and food sources of various major minerals like calcium, sodium, potassium, and chloride, as well as trace minerals like iron, zinc, and iodine. It explores how the body maintains mineral balance and the key functions minerals serve, such as in fluid balance, blood formation, bone health, and cellular processes.
Calcium metabolism
This document provides an overview of calcium metabolism and its importance for dental and skeletal health. It discusses that 99% of calcium in the body is found in bones and teeth, with the remaining 1% playing a vital role in various physiological processes. It outlines calcium requirements at different life stages, food sources of calcium, supplements, factors affecting calcium absorption and homeostasis, and consequences of calcium imbalance like osteoporosis and excessive alveolar bone loss. The role of vitamins, hormones and other factors in calcium metabolism is also summarized.
Calcium metabolism,ppt
This document discusses calcium metabolism and homeostasis. It notes that calcium levels are tightly regulated by the intestine, kidneys, bones, and hormones. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium absorption from the intestine and bones while decreasing urinary calcium excretion. Vitamin D increases intestinal calcium absorption. Calcitonin decreases bone resorption. Together, these organs and hormones work to maintain calcium levels within a narrow range. Imbalances can lead to hypo- or hypercalcemia with various neurological, cardiac, and musculoskeletal symptoms.
Minerals, water and electrolytes
Minerals play important structural and regulatory roles in the body. Major minerals, also called macrominerals, include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium, which are present in larger amounts and are crucial for bones, teeth, muscle and nerve function. Trace minerals, also called microminerals, such as iron, zinc, selenium, and manganese, are needed in smaller amounts but still essential as components of enzymes and for other metabolic processes. Minerals are obtained from foods and their absorption and balance in the body are tightly controlled. Deficiencies or toxicities can occur if intake is inadequate or excessive.
Blood calcium
Calcium is essential for many bodily functions like bone formation, muscle contraction, nerve signaling etc. 99% of calcium is stored in bones and remaining 1% is present in extracellular fluids. Calcium level is tightly regulated by parathyroid hormone, calcitriol (active form of vitamin D), and calcitonin. These hormones work to maintain calcium between 9-11 mg/dL by mobilizing calcium from bones and kidneys and absorbing it from intestines. An imbalance in these regulatory hormones can lead to conditions like osteoporosis and rickets.
Minerals principal elements
This document discusses several key minerals that are essential for human health, including their functions, dietary sources, and normal/abnormal levels. It focuses on calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium. Calcium and phosphorus are the most abundant minerals in the body and are essential for bone and teeth formation. They work together and their levels are tightly regulated. Magnesium and sodium also play important roles, with magnesium serving as a cofactor for enzymes and sodium maintaining fluid balance and nerve function. Abnormal levels of these minerals can cause health issues.
Calcium and phosphate METABOLISM
This document discusses calcium and phosphorus regulation in the body. It covers calcium and phosphorus metabolism, factors that regulate them, and their roles in tooth mineralization. Calcium is the most abundant mineral and is essential for skeletal structure, muscle function, nerve impulses, and other physiological processes. Homeostasis of calcium is maintained through dietary intake, absorption in the gut, and regulation by parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D, and kidneys.
Calcium Metabolism
Calcium metabolism is regulated by parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and calcitonin to maintain normal blood calcium levels. Calcium is important for many bodily functions and is found primarily in bones and blood plasma. Hormonal regulation involves calcium absorption from the gut, resorption from bones, and reabsorption in kidneys. Issues arise if these levels are too high (hyperparathyroidism) or low (hypoparathyroidism, osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia).
Calcium metabolism
Calcium and phosphate metabolism are regulated by hormones to maintain normal levels in the blood and body. Calcium is important for bone formation, muscle function, and other cellular processes. The majority of calcium and phosphate are stored in the bones. Parathyroid hormone, calcitriol (vitamin D), and calcitonin work to balance calcium levels by affecting absorption from food and excretion or resorption from bones. Similarly, phosphate levels are regulated by these hormones through intestinal absorption, urinary excretion, and bone resorption and deposition.
The macrominerals
Calcium plays an important role in bone and teeth strength and in many physiological functions. It is absorbed in the small intestine through an active process requiring vitamin D and calcium-binding proteins. Factors like gastric acidity, hormones, vitamin D, lactose, citric acid, fat intake, and exercise can influence calcium absorption. The body tightly regulates calcium levels in blood and tissues through hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin that mobilize calcium from bones and kidneys. Dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, leafy greens, fish with bones.
Minerals
Our body needs many minerals. A balanced diet usually provides all of the essential minerals. The ppt list minerals, what they do in the body their functions, and their sources in foods. It also included deficiencies and toxic effects.
Mineral metabolism
This document discusses mineral metabolism and provides details on specific minerals including sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfur, and calcium. It covers their sources, absorption, functions, normal levels, and clinical conditions related to abnormal levels. For each mineral, absorption and excretion processes are described along with roles in the body. Causes and symptoms of both hypo- and hyper- conditions are outlined.
Calcium presentation
Atdtiens.jalal,Tiens.com.Jalal,
Tiens Distributor Login,HomeRegisterForgot password,Tiens Group Co. Ltd.('Tiens Group'), founded in 1995 by Mr. Li Jinyuan in Tianjin, China
Best Opp Of Jalal Ahmed Awan,TIENS Pakistan,Jalal Ahmed Tiens
Tiens.com.Jalal,
Tiens Distributor Login,HomeRegisterForgot password,Tiens Group Co. Ltd.('Tiens Group'), founded in 1995 by Mr. Li Jinyuan in Tianjin, China
Best Opp Of Jalal Ahmed Awan,TIENS Pakistan,Jalal Ahmed Tiens
Minerals
Minerals are inorganic elements needed by the body for functions like building tissues, regulating fluids, and assisting in bodily processes. Major minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and potassium are required in amounts greater than 100mg daily, while trace minerals such as iron, iodine, and zinc are needed in lesser amounts. The document provides details on common food sources, functions, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms for each major and trace mineral.
Calcium homeostasis
Calcium homeostasis involves absorption of calcium from the intestine, regulation by parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin, and storage in bone. PTH increases calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and renal reabsorption and vitamin D absorption. Vitamin D increases intestinal calcium absorption. Calcitonin decreases calcium by inhibiting bone resorption. Hypocalcemia causes neurological symptoms and hypercalcemia causes gastrointestinal and renal issues. Conditions are diagnosed by calcium levels and other tests and treated by calcium supplementation or intravenous calcium for hypocalcemia and hydration and medications for hypercalcemia.
Calcium
Calcium is essential for many physiological processes in the body. It makes up 1-1.5% of total body weight, with 99% located in bones and teeth. Dietary sources include dairy products, eggs, fish, and leafy greens. The recommended daily intake is 500 mg for adults and 1200 mg for children. Calcium is absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum through an active transport process requiring energy and carrier proteins. Homeostasis is maintained by calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin which regulate absorption from the intestine and resorption from bones. Imbalances can cause hypercalcemia with symptoms like confusion and arrhythmias, or hypocalcemia/
Calcium 101 The Fundamentals of Calcium
This document provides an overview of calcium and how the supplement Instant CalMag-C can help maintain calcium levels. It discusses that calcium is essential for the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems and is regulated by the parathyroid gland. For calcium to be active, it must work with magnesium in a 2:1 ratio and be in the form of calcium gluconate. Instant CalMag-C contains this precise calcium to magnesium ratio plus vitamin C to aid absorption. Maintaining balanced calcium and magnesium levels through supplements like Instant CalMag-C can support overall health.
Bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis
Bone is a metabolically active tissue that undergoes constant remodeling. The major cells involved in the remodeling process are osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Bone metabolism is closely interrelated with the metabolism of calcium, which also involves the intestine and kidney. Calcium balance is hormonally regulated by parathyroid hormone, vitamin D metabolites and calcitonin.
Calcium, phosphorus, potassium
Calcium, phosphorus, and potassium are essential minerals that play important roles in bone health, cell signaling, energy production, and other physiological processes. Calcium is critical for bone structure and strength. Phosphorus is also structural and involved in energy production. Potassium helps nerves and muscles function properly. Deficiencies can lead to bone diseases like rickets or osteomalacia. Maintaining adequate intake through diet or supplements is important for prevention of diseases like osteoporosis and kidney stones.
Calcium metabolism, vitamin d, parathyroid hormone
Calcium plays a key role in skeletal muscle contraction, cardiac muscle contraction, smooth muscle contraction, blood clotting, and nerve impulse transmission. The majority of calcium in the body is stored in the bones, serving as a reservoir. A small amount is found extracellularly and intracellularly. Calcium is exchanged between tissues as needed. Bone consists of a collagen matrix and calcium salts, primarily hydroxyapatite but also some amorphous salts, which provide a readily available source of exchangeable calcium.
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Calcium metabolism, vitamin d, parathyroid hormone
Calcium metabolism, vitamin d, parathyroid hormone
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Minerals 2
This document discusses various minerals and their roles and requirements in the human body. It covers both macro minerals like calcium, sodium, and potassium, as well as micro/trace minerals like iron, iodine, fluorine and selenium. Each mineral is described in terms of its functions, dietary sources, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, and recommended daily intake levels.
Selenium compounds boost immune system to fight against cancer
Selenium compounds found naturally in foods like garlic and broccoli can boost the immune system to fight cancers like melanoma, prostate cancer, and certain leukemias. Researchers have found that selenium weakens the effect of immunostimulatory molecules produced by some cancer cells that over-activate the immune system and cause it to collapse. In particular, selenium appears to effectively neutralize a variant of the NGK2D ligand involved in aggressive cancers that assumes a liquid form in the bloodstream.
Metabolic Disorders
This document provides an overview of inborn errors of metabolism, including organic acid disorders, amino acid disorders, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid oxidation disorders, and mitochondrial disorders. It lists the disease name, mutated gene, cytogenetic location, and deficient protein or enzyme for each condition. The document serves as an introduction to the topic by cataloging many genetic metabolic diseases and the genes and enzymes involved.
Inborn errors of metabolism
This document discusses various inborn errors of metabolism including phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, homocystinuria, galactosemia, glycogen storage diseases, mucopolysaccharidoses, Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease, cystic fibrosis, and Wilson's disease. It describes the genetic defects, clinical features, diagnostic tests, and morphological findings for each condition. These hereditary biochemical disorders result from mutations that compromise the function of enzymes or other proteins involved in metabolic pathways.
Inbornerrorsofmetabolism
The document provides an overview of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), including approaches to diagnosis and management. IEM are usually caused by single gene defects that block metabolic pathways, leading to substrate accumulation or product deficiency. Clinical presentation can vary from mild to severe and affect any organ system. Diagnosis involves considering IEM in cases involving unexplained illness, and testing electrolytes, ammonia, lactate, amino acids, and organic acids. Broad management focuses on treating acidosis, hypoglycemia, and hyperammonemia. Specific treatments aim to restrict enzyme substrates or provide missing enzymes or cofactors. Certain IEM are associated with distinctive physical findings, odors, or neurological symptoms.
Inborn errors of metabolism
The document discusses inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). It describes IEM as metabolic disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies that disrupt biochemical reactions in the body. IEM are divided into subgroups that affect amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, and other metabolisms. Symptoms seen in affected individuals can include lethargy, vomiting, seizures, skin abnormalities, organomegaly, and neurological or developmental issues. Diagnosis involves laboratory tests of blood and urine to identify specific metabolic abnormalities. Treatment aims to correct acute issues like acidosis or hypoglycemia and provide enzyme replacement or precursors to bypass the metabolic block.
approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism in neonates
This document provides an overview of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), including clinical pointers, initial evaluations, and management. Some key points:
- IEM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any sick neonate. Clinical pointers include deterioration after normalcy, parental consanguinity, unexplained encephalopathy/seizures, or metabolic acidosis.
- Initial evaluations include blood tests for electrolytes, gases, glucose, ammonia, lactate, liver/kidney function, urine tests. Further tests may include plasma amino acids, acylcarnitines, organic acids if indicated.
- Common presentations are neurologic deterioration with metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, or hyper
Presentation on Inborn errors of metabolism
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This enzyme is needed to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. Without treatment, high phenylalanine levels can cause intellectual disabilities and other neurological problems. Treatment involves a lifelong low-phenylalanine diet using phenylalanine-free medical foods and supplements. Tyrosinemia and Wilson's disease are also inherited disorders of amino acid or copper metabolism that can cause liver, neurological and other health issues if left untreated. Medical nutrition therapy and medication are used to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Inborn errors of metabolism
Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic diseases caused by defects in single enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. This leads to toxic accumulation of substrates or deficiencies in essential compounds. Garrod hypothesized these disorders were due to errors in intermediate metabolism. Examples include disorders of carbohydrate, amino acid, fatty acid, and mitochondrial metabolism. Symptoms depend on the specific pathway affected and can include hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, and developmental delays. Treatment focuses on preventing toxic accumulations and supplementing deficient compounds.
Metabolic disorders of proteins
What is a metabolic disease?
Inborn errors of metabolism”
inborn error : an inherited (i.e. genetic) disorder
metabolism : chemical or physical changes in a biological system
Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism .. Dr.Padmesh
This document discusses inborn errors of metabolism. It begins by defining metabolism as the breakdown and building up of molecules through catabolic and anabolic pathways, facilitated by enzymes. Inborn errors of metabolism are disorders caused by mutations that block normal metabolic pathways, resulting in toxic metabolites. The document then classifies different types of inborn errors affecting amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and pigment metabolism. It outlines patterns of clinical presentation including encephalopathy, liver disease, dysmorphic features, and neurological symptoms. The document stresses the importance of early metabolic investigations for treating inborn errors.
Metals - Ferrous and Non Ferrous
This document provides information about metals, including ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It discusses various metal types and their properties, uses, and melting points. Key metals mentioned include steel, cast iron, high carbon steel, high speed steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, lead, silver, gold, magnesium, brass, bronze and solder. The document also covers metal shapes and metals used in everyday objects like bicycles.
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Minerals, water and electrolytes
Minerals play important structural and regulatory roles in the body. Major minerals, also called macrominerals, include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium, which are present in larger amounts and are crucial for bones, teeth, muscle and nerve function. Trace minerals, also called microminerals, such as iron, zinc, selenium, and manganese, are needed in smaller amounts but still essential as components of enzymes and for other metabolic processes. Minerals are obtained from foods and their absorption and balance in the body are tightly controlled by homeostatic mechanisms.
MINERALS-REVISION - 27-05-2017
This document discusses calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and selenium metabolism. It describes how calcium levels are regulated by the bone, kidney, and intestine, as well as hormones like calcitriol, PTH, and calcitonin. Iron transport involves uptake in the intestine and binding to transferrin in the bloodstream. Copper is an essential cofactor for many enzymes. Zinc and selenium deficiencies can cause growth problems and cardiac issues.
Minerals
Minerals play essential roles in the human body. This document discusses several important minerals, including calcium and iron. Calcium is critical for bone and teeth formation, muscle contraction, nerve conduction, and blood coagulation. Homeostasis of calcium levels is regulated by calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin. Disorders can result in hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia. Iron is essential for tissue respiration, oxygen transport, and immune function. Iron absorption is regulated by stores in the body and occurs primarily in the duodenum. Iron deficiency is a concern, especially in women, and dietary sources and requirements are discussed.
Minerals Metabolism
This document discusses minerals and their functions in the human body. It covers major minerals like calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and others. Calcium is the most abundant mineral and is essential for building bones and teeth, muscle contraction, nerve conduction, blood coagulation, and hormone secretion. Phosphorus also builds bones and teeth and is important for energy metabolism and acid-base balance. Magnesium is a co-factor for many enzymes and influences neuromuscular function and hormone secretion. Minerals are necessary for structure, function, and metabolism in the body.
Nutrition (MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS)
This document discusses minerals and trace elements that are important for human health. It provides information on:
1. Major minerals that are components of body molecules or important for nutrition, including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride.
2. Trace elements that are essential in small amounts, such as chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc.
3. Additional elements that are not essential for humans, including nickel, silicon, tin, vanadium, boron, and lithium.
It describes the roles, transport, absorption, metabolism and deficiencies/toxicities of many of these minerals and trace
Calciotropic Hormones.ppt
The document discusses calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling. It describes how calcium is stored in bones and regulated by the small intestine, kidneys and parathyroid hormone. Osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts maintain bone structure and calcium levels. The hormonal regulation of calcium by parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and calcitonin controls calcium absorption, resorption and excretion to keep blood calcium levels stable.
Minerals by Sehrish Ibrar.pptx
It contain Definition of Minerals,
its uses, types, Role.
Use of Calcium.
Use of Iron.
Use of zinc.
Calcium(ca) mineral bch 628(advanced nutritional biochemistry)
Calcium micronutrient, its importance to the human system, its sources, recommended dietary allowance, metabolism, functions and symptoms of deficiency.
Calcium
Everything about Calcium .
Done for: Vitamins and Minerals in Nutrition Lecture - just university .
Mineral metabolism
The document discusses water and mineral metabolism in the human body. It covers the following key points:
1) Water is the most abundant substance in the body, making up 65-95% of body weight. It has unique properties that allow it to act as a solvent and play important roles in temperature regulation and cell function.
2) Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus are the major mineral elements that make up 60-80% of the body's inorganic material. They influence water distribution and retention through their roles in osmotic forces.
3) Abnormalities in sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium levels can cause various health issues by disrupting fluid balance
Calcium and Phosphorous Metabolism
Calcium and phosphate metabolism is tightly regulated in the body. Calcium is mainly stored in bones while phosphate is found intracellularly and extracellularly. Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin control calcium and phosphate levels by impacting absorption in the gut and kidneys. An imbalance can result in hypercalcemia with symptoms like nausea and fatigue, or hypocalcemia which can cause tetany.
Minerals
This document discusses several major and trace minerals that are important for human health. It provides information on their functions, deficiency symptoms, sources, and recommended daily intake when applicable. The major minerals discussed are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium. The trace minerals discussed are iron, iodine, zinc, cobalt, copper, and manganese. For each mineral, the document outlines their roles in bone formation, blood formation, hormone production, and other bodily processes. It also describes signs of deficiency and good dietary sources.
ASY-Bone.pdf
Bone is a living, dynamic tissue that undergoes constant remodeling through the balanced actions of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. It is composed of an organic collagen matrix and inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals. Osteoblasts form new bone by secreting osteoid that mineralizes over time, while osteoclasts dissolve bone, regulated by hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin to maintain calcium homeostasis. Bone disorders occur when formation and resorption become imbalanced, such as osteoporosis where resorption exceeds formation. Biochemical markers of bone turnover include alkaline phosphatase and collagen breakdown products that indicate the rates of these remodeling processes.
Calcium & Phosphate Metabolism
This is a PPT of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Clinical correlation are not included. Hope it is useful to you all. Please Like and Share it with your friends
Lec8 level4-deminerals-130202064413-phpapp02
This document discusses minerals required by the human body, focusing on calcium and iron. It begins by classifying minerals as either major or trace elements based on daily requirements. Calcium and iron are then examined in more depth. For calcium, sources, daily requirements, absorption, functions, and factors regulating blood levels such as vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin are summarized. For iron, distribution in the body, absorption factors, mucosal block theory of regulation, transport in blood, storage, and excretion are outlined. Homeostatic control of serum calcium through the interplay of various hormones is depicted in a diagram.
Mineral Metabolism
Minerals are essential for normal growth and maintenance of the body.
Major elements : Requirement >100 mg /day
Trace Elements : Requirement <100mg/day
Some are necessary for the body but their exact functions are not known.
Ex.: Chromium, Nickel, Bromide, Lithium, Barium
Non-Essentials : seen in tissues. Contaminants in food stuffs.
Ex.: Rubedium, Silver, Gold, Bismuth
Toxic : should be avoided.
Ex.: Aluminium, Lead, Cadmium, Mercury
final_minerals.pptx
Minerals are inorganic elements that are essential for human growth, development and regulation of vital functions. They serve both structural and functional roles in the body. The human body contains 30 essential minerals that are classified as either macro minerals, which are needed in larger amounts, or trace minerals which are needed in small amounts. Calcium is the most abundant macro mineral found primarily in bones and teeth, making up 1.5 kg of the average adult body. Dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, leafy greens, fish with bones and fortified foods. Calcium absorption occurs primarily in the small intestine and is regulated by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D.
Major intra and extra cellular electrolytes
This document discusses the major intracellular and extracellular electrolytes in the body. It begins by defining electrolytes as ions that dissociate in body fluids. The main electrolytes discussed are sodium, calcium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, sulfate, bicarbonate, and phosphate. For each electrolyte, the normal levels, locations, and functions in the body are described. Potential deficiencies or excesses of each electrolyte are also summarized, along with their symptoms and treatment.
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Calcium(ca) mineral bch 628(advanced nutritional biochemistry)
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Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during Migration
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
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Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
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Nutrition12
- 1. MINERALS Trace minerals : Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, F, Se, I Major minerals : Ca, P, Na, K, Cl, Mg, S Unlikely carbohydrate, protein and fat, minerals are not changed during digestion or when the body uses them The daily need 100mg
- 2. Minerals in the Body Grams of selected minerals in a kg man 70
- 3. Factors that affect BIOAVAILABILITY of minerals Phytate Oxalate Person’s need Fiber Acidity of intestinal environment Other minerals competing for absorption Factors that affect the bioavailability of minerals
- 4. Body structure : Ca, P, S Muscle, nerve : Na, K, Mg, Biologic Regulation : Fe, Se, I, Cr Enzymatic cofactor : Mg, Mn The major roles of minerals Fluid balance : Na, K, Cl Major Roles of Minerals
- 5. Bone matrix: osteoblast, osteoclast Ca Blood clotting : Ca is essential for formation of FIBRIN Nerve function : nerve transmission Muscle construction: The flow of Na and Ca is crucial for mechanical construction of muscle Cellular metabolism : CALMODULIN
- 6. Lower Blood Ca Raise Blood Ca Low Blood Ca Increase PTH secretion calcitriol formation Absorb more dietary Ca Retain Ca Move Ca from bone to bloodstream High Blood Ca Secrete calcitonin Decrease PTH secretion calcitriol formation Absorb less dietary Ca Excrete Ca Move Ca from bloodstream to bone Parathyroid Small intestine kidney Bone Regulating blood Ca level
- 7. Enzymes Cofactor or constituent Immune Function Brain function :brain growth myelin Oxygen transport : Hemoglobin Major function of IRON
- 8. Iron absorption Dietary Fe Ferritin protein stores Fe in the intestine cell Turn away Excess Fe Absorbed Fe is carried in the blood by the transferrin Tissues stores Fe or incorporate it in heme. Red blood cells contain Fe-rich Hb. Blood losses removes Fe from the body
- 9. To form myoglobin Dietary Fe Transferrin Muscle Tissue Liver Bone To make heme-enz. or to store iron in ferritin Primary storage site To form hemoglobin & RBC
- 10. Fertilization & reproduction Sexual maturation Hormone activity Protein metabolism Lipid metabolism Others Metabolism Zn Sexual Cell growth Cell differentiation Gene expression Cell Functions of Zn in the body Immune function
- 11. Drop in Blood pressure Kidney release RENIN Angiotesinogen AngiotesinⅠ Angiotesin Ⅰ AngiotesinⅡ Increase blood pressure Angiotensin Ⅱ is a powerful vasoconstrictor Angiotensin Ⅱ : aldosterone (adrenal) Kidney increase retention of salt and water Increase blood volume Increase blood pressure