This document summarizes the key ideas from the book "Nudge" by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. It discusses how subtle changes to choice architecture, referred to as "nudges", can influence behaviors in predictable ways. Nudges aim to make choices easier and help people make decisions that improve their lives without restricting freedom of choice. The document provides many examples of nudges related to health, savings, investments, and the environment that aim to help people overcome cognitive biases and biases inherent in complex systems.
This is a presentation that covers the basic concepts of the book Nudge, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. We read this book at our UX Book Club meeting, and I presented an introduction to it at the LA IxDA meeting.
This deck accompanied Kelly Baron's SXSW talk on 3/13/17. Nudge theory is about hacking human nature using subtle, context-driven interventions. We all sometimes buy into the shampoo commercial dream that our products can make us into better people, but what if that were true?
Thanks to IoT, weāre designing products that make and break our habits. We applied nudge theory to our healthcare wearable, Under Currents, to solve billions of dollarsā worth of medical errors and save lives. When common sense fails, common sensors help us be the best version of ourselves.
Join Kelly Baron, a business designer from Fjord Austin, as she talks about how to apply nudge theory theory to digital experiences.
What is the Nudge Theory?
A mixure of beavourial economics, psychology, political theory, marketing and sales. Its the theory that considers how people make decisions ā and how others impact them.
This is a presentation that covers the basic concepts of the book Nudge, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. We read this book at our UX Book Club meeting, and I presented an introduction to it at the LA IxDA meeting.
This deck accompanied Kelly Baron's SXSW talk on 3/13/17. Nudge theory is about hacking human nature using subtle, context-driven interventions. We all sometimes buy into the shampoo commercial dream that our products can make us into better people, but what if that were true?
Thanks to IoT, weāre designing products that make and break our habits. We applied nudge theory to our healthcare wearable, Under Currents, to solve billions of dollarsā worth of medical errors and save lives. When common sense fails, common sensors help us be the best version of ourselves.
Join Kelly Baron, a business designer from Fjord Austin, as she talks about how to apply nudge theory theory to digital experiences.
What is the Nudge Theory?
A mixure of beavourial economics, psychology, political theory, marketing and sales. Its the theory that considers how people make decisions ā and how others impact them.
This presentation looks at behavioural nudges used by different businesses. Nudges are interventions that preserve freedom of choice but that nonetheless influence peopleās decisions. Our decisions are often heavily affected by behavioural biases, instinctively we favour the default option
Choices are contextual and we are also deeply affected by social norms.
Slides Jeff Otto recently used in his discussion w/ mentees of The Product Mentor.
The Product Mentor is a program designed to pair Product Mentors and Mentees from around the World, across all industries, from start-up to enterprise, guided by the fundamental goalsā¦Better Decisions. Better Products. Better Product People.
Throughout the program, each mentor leads a conversation in an area of their expertise that is live streamed and available to both mentee and the broader product community.
http://TheProductMentor.com
Behavioral economics overview presentation at TGASKurt Nelson, PhD
Ā
The following was the presentation that I gave at the TGAS conference in Texas this spring. Highlighting some of the behavioral science principles that can be used to help improve your incentives and sales operations.
We think we are smart, but understanding Cognitive Biases shows how limited is our perception of reality and information around us.
On this presentation I expalin and bring some real examples of the most commom biases used in the market, web and UX.
There are many kinds of cognitive biases that influence individuals differently, but their common characteristic is that they lead to judgment and decision-making that deviates from rational objectivity.
Behavioural Economics content slideshow. Designed for the Economic A level qualification. Can be used in revision and in class.
Subtopics:
Alternative Views of Consumer Behaviour
Behavioural Biases
Nudges
15 Lessons from Behavioural Economics - by @tjalve @boardofinno - Board of In...Board of Innovation
Ā
Within our team @boardofinno, we give short presentations to each other, to learn more, to get inspired, to be amazed,ā¦
The following deck was used by @tjalve in our internal #teachme session.
It covers 15 lessons from Behavioural Economics you can apply to your ongoing projects.
The concepts covered are:
1. The Endowment Effect
2. Hyperbolic Discounting
3. The IKEA effect
4. Anchoring Bias
5. The Von Restorff Effect
6. Loss Aversion
7. Hedonic Adaption
8. The Bandwagon Effect
9. The Inaction inertia effect
10. The Zeigarnik Effect
11. The Framing Effect
12. The Goal Gradient Effect
13. The Choice Paradox
14. Round Pricing Preference
15. Reciprocity
Persuasion architectures: Nudging People to do the Right ThingUser Vision
Ā
Review of some of the most popular commercial and public sector persuasion methodologies. Plus some reasons why they may not work and some criticisms, and a comparison of how supermarkets persuade us, offline.
15 Behavioural Economics Principles to increase ConversionsSiteVisibility
Ā
This presentation demonstrates the value of understanding and using a variety of behavioural economics principles to achieve results in your digital marketing campaign.
Want to change people's behaviour just ask (and nudge, hug, shove and smack) ...Protectionandmanagement
Ā
Want to change people's behaviour just ask (and nudge, hug, shove and smack) - Joseph Williams (Carbon Trust) - Energy & Environment Expo, 18 June 2014
This presentation looks at behavioural nudges used by different businesses. Nudges are interventions that preserve freedom of choice but that nonetheless influence peopleās decisions. Our decisions are often heavily affected by behavioural biases, instinctively we favour the default option
Choices are contextual and we are also deeply affected by social norms.
Slides Jeff Otto recently used in his discussion w/ mentees of The Product Mentor.
The Product Mentor is a program designed to pair Product Mentors and Mentees from around the World, across all industries, from start-up to enterprise, guided by the fundamental goalsā¦Better Decisions. Better Products. Better Product People.
Throughout the program, each mentor leads a conversation in an area of their expertise that is live streamed and available to both mentee and the broader product community.
http://TheProductMentor.com
Behavioral economics overview presentation at TGASKurt Nelson, PhD
Ā
The following was the presentation that I gave at the TGAS conference in Texas this spring. Highlighting some of the behavioral science principles that can be used to help improve your incentives and sales operations.
We think we are smart, but understanding Cognitive Biases shows how limited is our perception of reality and information around us.
On this presentation I expalin and bring some real examples of the most commom biases used in the market, web and UX.
There are many kinds of cognitive biases that influence individuals differently, but their common characteristic is that they lead to judgment and decision-making that deviates from rational objectivity.
Behavioural Economics content slideshow. Designed for the Economic A level qualification. Can be used in revision and in class.
Subtopics:
Alternative Views of Consumer Behaviour
Behavioural Biases
Nudges
15 Lessons from Behavioural Economics - by @tjalve @boardofinno - Board of In...Board of Innovation
Ā
Within our team @boardofinno, we give short presentations to each other, to learn more, to get inspired, to be amazed,ā¦
The following deck was used by @tjalve in our internal #teachme session.
It covers 15 lessons from Behavioural Economics you can apply to your ongoing projects.
The concepts covered are:
1. The Endowment Effect
2. Hyperbolic Discounting
3. The IKEA effect
4. Anchoring Bias
5. The Von Restorff Effect
6. Loss Aversion
7. Hedonic Adaption
8. The Bandwagon Effect
9. The Inaction inertia effect
10. The Zeigarnik Effect
11. The Framing Effect
12. The Goal Gradient Effect
13. The Choice Paradox
14. Round Pricing Preference
15. Reciprocity
Persuasion architectures: Nudging People to do the Right ThingUser Vision
Ā
Review of some of the most popular commercial and public sector persuasion methodologies. Plus some reasons why they may not work and some criticisms, and a comparison of how supermarkets persuade us, offline.
15 Behavioural Economics Principles to increase ConversionsSiteVisibility
Ā
This presentation demonstrates the value of understanding and using a variety of behavioural economics principles to achieve results in your digital marketing campaign.
Want to change people's behaviour just ask (and nudge, hug, shove and smack) ...Protectionandmanagement
Ā
Want to change people's behaviour just ask (and nudge, hug, shove and smack) - Joseph Williams (Carbon Trust) - Energy & Environment Expo, 18 June 2014
Try this site where you can compare quotes from different companies: WWW.INSUREINFO.INFO
Teen Driving Insurance?
I am wondering how much the type of car will affect the price of car insurance for a 16 year old. Which if the following cars will the insurance cost the most? and the least? 00 BMW 323ci, 04 Mazda 3s, 2001 audi a4 1.8t, 04 acura rsx base, 04 mitsubishi eclipse gs
Cloud Migration, Application Modernization and Security for PartnersAmazon Web Services
Ā
As AWS continues to expand, enterprise customers are increasingly looking to our partner ecosystem to assist in migrating their workloads to the cloud. This session describes the challenges, lessons learned and best practices for large scale application migrations. We will use real examples from our consulting partners and AWS Professional Services to illustrate how to move workloads to the cloud while modernizing the associated applications to take advantage of AWSā unique benefits. We will also dive into how to use an array of AWS services and features to improve a customerās security posture as they are migrating and once they are up and running in the cloud.
Invitational Conference on Behavioral Science WRR, Netspar (Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement), TIBER (Tilburg Institute for Behavioral Economics Research) and the Ministry of Finance
IELTS WRITING BAND 9.0+ SAMPLES (BOOK 2)
ā¢ Are you finding task 2 writing difficult and struggling with it?
ā¢ Are you looking for a book that helps you achieve an 8.0+ in an effortless way?
ā¢ Would you like to have a book that provides you high quality samples for your reference to gain a band score 8.0+?
If your answer is āyesā to these above questions, then this book is perfect for you.
This book is well designed and written by an experienced native teacher from the USA who has been teaching IELTS for over 10 years. She really is the expert in training IELTS for students at each level. In this book, she will provide you over 450 high quality model essays to help you easily achieve an 8.0+ in the IELTS Writing Task 2, even if your English is not excellent. These samples will also walk you through step-by-step on how to develop your well-organised answers for the Task 2 Writing.
https://www.amazon.com/RACHEL-MITCHELL/e/B0779PZB6M
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Overfishing of the Ocean Essay Example StudyHippo.com. Opinion essay - The causes and effects of overfishing. - Guided writing .... Overfishing paper - Science 101 Lab Essay - What is overfishing and .... quot;Overfishing: Killer of the Oceansquot;. The World Oceans Pollution and Overfishing - 1695 Words Essay Example. Podocnemis Lewyana: Habitat Loss, Overfishing and Pollution - 343 Words .... The effects of overfishing Essay Example Topics and Well Written .... By-catch overfishing regulations and recovery - PHDessay.com. PDF End Overfishing and Increase the Resilience of the Ocean to .... Economical and Environmental Consequences of Overfishing Essay. Sample Essay on Overfishing and the World Ocean. Writing Task 2 Problems and Solutions PDF Overfishing Essays. PPT - Overfishing PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:2668070. Overfishing solution essay - sncedirect.web.fc2.com. Overfishing Aquascript. Over Fishing by Sameerah Osman. The impact of overfishing on the economy, ecosystem and social life .... The Effects of Overfishing on Oceans Essay Example Topics and Well .... Persuasive Essay On Overfishing PPT. Overfishing infographic Harmful methods of fishing KarBel. PDF Ecosystem Overfishing in the Ocean. Overfishing term paper Research paper, Term paper, Question paper. Overfishing Essay Storyboard by ffa354e6. Over Fishing, Problems and Solutions Essay Sample StudyHippo.com. Bestessayservices.com: Sample Geology Essay on Overfishing- Free Essays .... 50 Shocking Statistics on Overfishing You Must Know - 2024 Overfishing Essay Overfishing Essay
Alfred Sloan ran general Motors one hundred years ago.
Peter Drucker was invited to write about GM and wrote The Concept of the corporation.
That book which I read two decades ago, gave me my first read of Mr Sloan. He was the first true General manager. I have been a great admirer of Sloan and what he did in marketing and management. A friend of mine sent me this book, it summarises Sloanās style and philosophy on management.
Sloan was labelled the managerās manager, you can see why!
Shankar , our GC brought this book to my attention.
This is a book written by a former GE GC. Many people believe that high performance and high integrity cannot co- exist. The author Ben Heineman systematically shows us how it should be done laying great emphasis on the CEO and those who lead teams.
This great company trusts each and every one of us to do the right thing, every moment, every day. I have enormous faith that you will build a high integrity āhi performance culture, both are important.
It is often said that people join a company but leave a boss. A boss is an important element of your worklife.
This book offers insights on the type of bosses at the workplace and what change is needed in your attitude and behavior to make the relationship work.
This is a book on marketing and how we need to replace the numbers and quant with heart. In whatever we do with the consumer. This is about rethinking your business and reinventing your brand and marketing. Written by Bernadette Jiwa, it is worth a reflection on brands.
Hereās a new book by the noted consultant and professor ā Mr. Ram Charan. Itās a great book on how leaders and companies need to develop a new mindset in the face of relentless change and structural uncertainities.
The Indian retail landscape has changed over the last twenty years with the advent of modern trade. Damodar Mall has worked in D Mart, Big bazaar and now is the CEO of Reliance Retail.
This is an insightful book about the changes that he has seen.
Warren Bennis is the guru on leadership. He has written many books and taught at many reputed universities. This memoir was written when he was 85. Warren Bennis was the second Director at IIM Calcutta in 1962
Hereās a book that talks about the importance of noticing things and trends in a company.
It talks of how leaders can encourage the power of noticing by asking the right questions and probing better.
Hereās a book summary on the changing nature of the employer-employee relationship.
It suggests a different way of thinking about this relationship ā make it an Alliance.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation āBlue Starā is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
Ā
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnāt one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
Ā
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Ā
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
Ā
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Ā
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
3. This can be used to increase
consumption of healthy food and
reduce consumption of unhealthy
food.
4. The concept of a choice architect.
A choice architect is one who has
the responsibility for organizing
the context in which people make
decisions.
5. There are many parallels between
choice architecture and more
traditional forms of architecture.
A crucial parallel is that there is no
such thing as a āneutralā design.
6. As good architects know,
seemingly arbitrary decisions,
such as where to locate the
bathrooms will have subtle
influence of how people who use
the building interact.
7. As we shall see, small and
apparently insignificant details can
have major impact on peopleās
behavior. A good rule of thumb is
to assume that ā everything
mattersā
8. We welcome you to our new
movement libertarian
paternalism.
The libertarian aspect of our
strategies lies in the principle that
people should be free to do what
they like. As Milton Friedman put
it ā free to choose.
9. In our opinion, a policy is
paternalistic if it tries to influence
the choices in a way that will
make choosers better off , as
judged by themselves.
10. Libertarian paternalism is a
relatively weak, soft and non
intrusive type of paternalism
because choices are not blocked,
fenced off or significantly
burdened.
11. A nudge, is any aspect of the
choice architecture that alters
peopleās behavior in a predictable
way without forbidding any
options or significantly changing
their economic incentives.
12. Whether people have studied
economics or not, we always think
like homo economicus, a notion
that each of us thinks and chooses
well, fitting the description
offered by economists of human
beings.
13. 60 % of Americans are either
considered obese or overweight.
Not everyone is choosing the right
diet. Sensible people care about
the taste of food, not simply
health and eating is a source of
pleasure in itself.
14. People and society have a status
quo bias , a fancy word for inertia.
Never underestimate the power of
inertia. A nudge is any factor that
alters the behavior of econs(
economic minded people)
15. Humans respond to incentives
too, by properly deploying both
nudges and incentives, we can
improve peopleās lives., while
insisting on their right to choose.
16. There is a false assumption that
people always choose in their best
interest, or at the very least make
choices better than what others
can make for them.
17. We favor nudges over commands,
requirements and prohibitions.
19. Choosers are human, so designers
should make life as easy as
possible. Send reminders and
minimize the costs for those who
space out.
20. If nudges and incentives replace
requirements and bans,
government will be both smaller
and more modest.
21. The human brain is befuddling.
How can we be some ingenious at
some tasks and so clueless at
others?
22. Two cognitive systems
Automatic system
ā¢ Uncontrolled
ā¢ Effortless
ā¢ Associative
ā¢ Fast
ā¢ Unconscious
ā¢ Skilled
Reflective system
ā¢ Controlled
ā¢ Effortful
ā¢ Deductive
ā¢ Slow
ā¢ Self aware
ā¢ Rule following
23. The automatic system is a gut
reaction system and the reflective
system is your conscious thought.
24. We use rules of thumb , because
they are quick and useful.
However, they come with
systematic biases.
25. Next is anchoring and adjustment.
In our view, anchoring can alter
behavior. When charities ask for
donations, people give more when
the options are $100,500 and 1000
as opposed to 50,75 and 150
26. In many domains, evidence shows
within reason that, the more you
ask, the more you tend to get.
27. MBA students are not the only
ones overconfident about their
abilities. The ā above average ā
effect is pervasive.
28. About 50 % of marriages end in
divorce in the US. However, almost all
couples believe that their marriage
will not end in divorce when they are
getting married, even people getting
married a second time. Samuel
Johnson once quipped ā second
marriage is the triumph oh hope over
experienceā
29. People hate losses, losing
something makes you twice as
miserable as gaining something. In
technical language people are
āloss averseā
30. Loss aversion helps produce
inertia, meaning a strong desire t
stick with the current.
31. Loss aversion operates as a
cognitive nudge, stopping us from
making changes , even when they
are needed.
32. Choice depends in part on the way
problems are stated. This matters
a lot for public policy.
33. Eating turns out to be the most
mindless activity we do. We
simply eat whatās put in front of
us.
35. Most people learn from other.
This is usually good. Learning from
others is how individuals and
societies develop.
36. Many groups fall prey to ā
collective conservatismā the
tendency of groups to stick to
established patterns even as new
needs arise.
37. A reason people expend so much
energy conforming to social norms
is that they think others are
watching them. Thatās mostly not
true.
38. Advertisers are influenced by the
power of social influence. Thatās
why they claim, āmost people use
thisā,ā the choice of the countryā
etc. etc.
39. The three social influences we
have āinformation, peer pressure
and priming can easily be enlisted
by private and public nudgers.
40. Self control issues are likely when
choices and consequences are
separated in time, like exercise,
flossing and dieting.
41. Lifeās most important choices
donāt come with many
opportunities to practice. The
higher the stakes, the less often
we are able to practice.
42. Learning is most likely if people
get immediate, clear feedback. We
usually get feedback on options
we select, not options we reject.
43. Humans make mistakes. A well
designed system expects its users
to err and is as forgiving as
possible.
E.g. leaving gas caps of cars and
the ATM card behind
44. The best way to help humans
improve their performance is
through feedback. Digital cameras
do that better than film cameras.
45. Credit card plans, mortgages, cell
phone plans are confusing. We
propose RECAP in such industries
ā Record, evaluate and Compare
alternative prices, a mild form of
government regulation.
46. One way to think about incentives
is to ask four questions ā who
uses, who chooses, who pays and
who profits?
47. In 2005, the personal savings rate
for Americans was negative for
the first time since 1932 and 1933
ā the great depression years.
48. Most people spend more time
picking a tennis racquet than
picking a financial plan.
49. Saving for retirement is something
human beings find difficult to
handle. This needs immense
willpower over time to execute.
50. In investing, the first question we
need to ask is how much risk are
we willing to take. Stocks are
riskier compared to government
bonds. How much to save is
related in complex ways to the
risk one is willing to bear.
51. In the eighty year period between
1925 and 2005, a dollar invested
in treasury bills would be worth $
18, longer term bonds would have
made it $ 71, ,mutual funds would
have made it $2658.
Stocks have always been most
attractive.
52. Attitude to investment risks
depend on how often the
portfolio is monitored.
When in doubt about
investments, diversify!
53. Amazing but true, five million
Americans have more than 60 %
of their retirement savings in
company stock!
This is risky on two counts-single
stock and the examples of Enron
and WorldCom.
54. Most employees have difficulty
understanding how numbers like
savings rate, retirement benefits,
volatility and changes in lifestyle
affect the, Offering translations
into a few good concepts will help.
55. The cost of going to college in
America has been rising almost as fast
as the cost of healthcare and rare
baseball cards. Today it costs a
student more than 50,000$ in tuition,
room and board. About two thirds of
four year college students are in debt
when they graduate.
56. The credit card is a ubiquitous feature
of modern life. It is nearly impossible
to function without one. In 2004 USA,
there were 1.4 billion credit cards for
164 million card holders-an average
of 8.5 cards per cardholder and a little
above 4 for total population!!Average
credit card debt is $12,000,with an
interest payment of $2000 per annum
57. For mortgages, school loans and
credit cards, life is far more
complicated than it needs to be
and people can be exploited.
58. The more choices you give people,
the more help you need to
provide to help them resolve
things.
59. What is it like to pick a
prescription plan in the US? How
hard? The short answer ā really
hard!!
60. The first successful organ
transplant took place in
1954,when a man offered his twin
brother a kidney. The first
transplant from a deceased donor
occurred in 1962. The rest is
history.
61. In the US , consumers want to
donate their organs, most states
use what is called an explicit
consent rule. Many willing to
donate do not take the necessary
paper steps to close it. They need
a different nudge.
62. The best choice for organ
donation is mandated choice.
Imagine tying it up with driving
license renewal et al.
63. In addressing climate control
issues, freedom of choice has
been the guiding principle.
Regulators choose some kind of
command and control regulation.
They do not specify technologies
as much as require an across the
board reductions in emissions.
64. In environmental issues , gentle
nudges will have no results, more
like catching a lion with a
mousetrap!
65. Much of the time, the best
approach to pollution problems is
to impose a tax on the harmful
behavior and to let market forces
determine the response to the
increased cost.
66. The acid deposition program in
the US has been a great success.
Because pollution reduction can
be turned into cash, strong
incentives are created for
environmentally beneficial
behavior.
67. A toxic release inventory report
listing the offending companies is
an example of social nudge. No
one wants to be in the list and
every company wants to be seen
as a good citizen. It has huge
impact.
68. One reason why a Toyota Prius is
successful compared to other
hybrid cars is that it is sold as one,
while the Camry is sold as a mix of
conventional and hybrid.
69. Past attempts to notify people
about energy use with e mails,
text messages hasnāt worked.
Imagine if we gave them a light
orb that signals red or green
based on their usage!!Something
that can be at home or a desk.
70. Libertarian paternalists care about
freedom. Some nudges are bad or
unwelcome. We would like to
create freedom where it does not
now exist.
71. When parents pick schools, status
quo plays a big role. The
neighborhood school wins always
versus a school thirty minutes
away.
72. If two students applied to a school
with one open seat, Seattle and
Louisville broke the tie on the
basis of race, a practice the US
Supreme court ruled
unconstitutional in 2007.
73. To get students to go to college, a san
Marcos Texas school showed kids two
concepts a kia and a Mercedes,
implying that a college grad had a
Mercedes and dropping out forced a
kia choice. This worked brilliantly.
Percentage of college students went
up from 11 to 45 %!!
74. Every healthcare consumer in the US
is forced to buy an option to sue the
doctor. Patients and doctors should
be free to make their own
arrangements about that right. It is
strange that we āpurchase 'the right
to sue. It is not an itemized bill but
clearly included in the price.
76. The more insurance you buy, the
more you pay and the right to sue
is a form of insurance.
77. We now turn to marriage and
explore recent issues including
same sex marriage.
78. There is ambiguity about marriage
because it is both a legal status
and a religious choice.
The official institution of marriage
is essential as a way of promoting
stability of relationships.
79. As a matter of law, marriage is no
less than an official status created
by the state and accompanied by
government entitlements and
mandates. State laws vary but
benefits are similar.
80. The most vulnerable people in a
marriage are children and kids.
We recommend protecting them
with the right nudges.
81. We argue that states should
abolish marriage as such and rely
on civil unions instead.
82. Some workable nudges : Give
more tomorrow, credit card
deductions, self bans, destiny
health plans, the civility check.
83. Who can oppose nudges? Hard
line anti paternalists maybe.
Often life turns up problems
people did not anticipate. We
need rules to see how we handle
them.
84. The invisible hand works best
when people buy products
frequently and they are simple
products.
Skeptics might argue that we must
give people the right to be wrong
and not nudge them, in some
cases we learn through mistakes.
85. Although nudges are unavoidable,
we agree that we should provide
information and education as a
balance.
86. We have stressed that governments
cannot be purely neutral but a form
of neutrality is sometime both
feasible and important. Take the case
of how to list candidates on a ballot.
There is evidence to show that the
first listed has an advantage. Any
method will not remove this bias.
87. Other nudges ā smart meters, energy
use and neighborhood comparisons,
carbon labels on packaging, make
believe speed bumps, calories count
in NY city,trayless
cafetarias.procastinatorās clock, stop
blabbers in a meeting, clear
transparent airline pockets like
Lufthansa.
88. We wrote this book in 2007 and 2008.
the economic crisis happened after
that. Alan Greenspan found himself in
a state of āshocked disbeliefā.
Would we have been better
understanding human behavior and
how nudges could have helped?
89. Three of the human behaviors
listed earlier have played
important roles in the crisis-
Bounded rationality, self control
and social influences.