this is a powerpoint presentation about nucleic acids.

2. Nucleic acids are crucial biomolecules
found in all living organisms,
responsible for storing, transmitting,
and expressing genetic information.

3. A nucleotide is the basic building
block of nucleic acids, such as DNA
and RNA.

7. A nucleotide is composed of three main components:
1. Nitrogenous Base: This is the part of the nucleotide that
carries genetic information.
 There are four types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA:
adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In
RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil (U). These bases are
divided into two categories: purines (adenine and
guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and
uracil).

8. 2. Pentose Sugar: The sugar component of a
nucleotide is either ribose or deoxyribose,
depending on whether it's RNA or DNA,
respectively. Ribose is a five-carbon sugar
found in RNA, while deoxyribose is a similar
sugar but lacking an oxygen atom on one of its
carbons, found in DNA.

9. 3. Phosphate Group: This is a phosphorus atom
bonded to four oxygen atoms, forming a negatively
charged ion.
 In a nucleotide, one or more phosphate groups are
attached to the sugar molecule. The phosphate
group(s) link adjacent nucleotides in a DNA or RNA
strand, forming the backbone of the molecule
through phosphodiester bonds.

10. A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous
base, a pentose sugar, and one or more
phosphate groups. These three
components combine to form the
building blocks of nucleic acids, such
as DNA and RNA.

11. There are two main types of
nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid
(RNA).

12.  DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): DNA is a
double-stranded molecule that contains
the genetic instructions necessary for the
development, functioning, growth, and
reproduction of all known living
organisms and many viruses.

13. It consists of a long chain of nucleotides, each
composed of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose),
a phosphate group, and one of four
nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C),
guanine (G), and thymine (T). The sequence of
these bases encodes the genetic information.

14.  RNA (Ribonucleic Acid): RNA is typically
single-stranded and performs multiple
roles within the cell, including
translating genetic information from
DNA into proteins, regulating gene
expression, and serving as structural
and catalytic components of ribosomes.

15. Like DNA, RNA is composed of
nucleotides, but it contains ribose
sugar instead of deoxyribose and
uracil (U) instead of thymine as one
of its nitrogenous bases.

17.  Both DNA and RNA are essential for the
functioning of cells and organisms. DNA
serves as the master blueprint for life,
while RNA acts as a mediator, carrying
out various tasks based on the
information encoded in DNA.

18.  The structure and function of nucleic
acids are fundamental to the field of
molecular biology and are critical for
understanding genetics, inheritance,
and the mechanisms of life.

19. ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
 Describe the process of DNA replication,
including the roles of enzymes and
nucleotides.
 What is the genetic code, and how is it related
to nucleic acids?