For Grade 10 Science Class

1. SCIENCE CLASS

2. RECALL

3. PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS

4. ICE BREAKER
A B

5. ICE BREAKER
NAILS
HAIR

6. LET'S PLAY A GAME
CALLED "PAIR ME!"

9. DNA RNA

10. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)
• DNA belongs to a type of molecules
called nucleic acids.
• Nucleic acids are long chains of
nucleotides.
• It is a molecule
that contains the hereditary
biological instructions to build and
maintain an organism.
double stranded helix

11. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)
• One phosphate group
• One sugar molecule
• One nitrogenous base (C, G,
A, or T)

12. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

13. RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)
• The sugar in RNA is ; DNA is
sugar
• Both DNA and RNA has nitrogenous
bases but instead of thymine, RNA
contains a similar base called
• It is also a nucleic acid. Unlike DNA,
RNA is single stranded.
ribose
deoxyribose.
Uracil (U).

14. RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)
Image source by Hannah Bonville

15. RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)
The three major types of RNA include:
• it carries genetic
information of DNA from nucleus to
cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
• it makes up
ribosomes.
• delivers amino acids
to the growing polypeptide chain.
messenger RNA (mRNA)-
transfer RNA (tRNA)-
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-

16. HOW DOES PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS HAPPEN?

17. WHAT IS PROTEIN?
• Proteins are large, highly complex molecules
made in the ribosome and contain carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes
sulphur.
• It is essential to the human body as it plays
many important roles, determining the
structure and function of all cells.

19. WHAT IS PROTEIN?

20. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Protein synthesis has two steps:

21. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Protein synthesis has two steps:
TRANSCRIPTION
It is the process of
copying or transmitting
DNA sequence (genetic
information) into RNA.
TRANSLATION
It is the process of
converting information
in mRNA into a
sequence of amino
acids in a protein.

22. TRANSCRIPTION

23. TRANSLATION

25. TERMS TO REMEMBER
• Amino acid- the building blocks of a protein
molecule.
• Anticodon- the complement of the mRNA.
• Codon- set of three nitrogenous bases in mRNA
representing an amino acid or a start/stop signal.
• Genetic code- set of rules that specify the codons in
DNA or RNA that corresponds to the amino acids in
proteins.
• Nitrogenous bases- a carbon ring structure that
contains one or more atoms of nitrogen; these are
adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine
(G).

26. QUESTIONS

27. ACTIVITY TIME!