India ranks 6th in the world for nuclear power generation. As of 2010, India has 20 nuclear power plants generating 4,560 MW total. The Kundankulam Nuclear Power Plant is a prominent example, located in Tamil Nadu. It uses a pressurized water reactor with enriched uranium fuel and light water coolant to generate 917 MW. India operates both pressurized heavy water reactors, known as CANDU reactors which can use natural uranium fuel, and light water reactors at various nuclear plants across the country.

1. NUCLEAR REACTOR
IN
INDIA

2. INTRODUCTION :
 Nuclear Reactor : A nuclear reactor is a device to initiate and control a
sustained nuclear chain reaction.
 Nuclear reactors are used at nuclear power plants for electricity
generation.
 Heat from nuclear fission is passed to a working fluid (water or gas),
which runs through turbines.
 Today there are about 450 nuclear power reactors that are used to
generate electricity in about 30 countries around the world.

3. India ranks in nuclear power generation-:
India has sixth ranked in the world in production of
nuclear power. Rank of sixth-:
Our target is to reach 20,000 MW by 2020 in the medium term and
63,000 MW by 2032 in the long term, with 700 MW from pressurized
heavy water reactors and 1,000 MW from light water reactors
As of 2010, India has 20 nuclear power plants in
operation
generating 4,560 MW.
1. US
2. France
3. Japan
4. Russia
5. Korea
6.India

4. TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTOR
 Pressurized water reactor (PWR)
 Boiling water reactor (BWR)
 Voda voda energo reactor (VVER)
 Fast breeder reactor (FBR)
 Pressurized heavy water reactor
“CANDU”(PHWR)

5. PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR (PWR)
 Fuel used : Enriched UO₂
 Moderator : Water
 Coolant : Water
 Pressurized water reactor (PWR) is the
most common type of reactor.
 Powerful pumps circulate the water
through pipes, transferring heat that
boils water in a separate, secondary
loop.
 The resulting steam drives the
electricity producing turbine generators.

6. BOILING WATER REACTOR (BWR)
 Fuel used : Enriched UO₂
 Moderator : Water
 Coolant : Water
 Boiling water reactors (BWRs) make up
15% of reactors globally.
 The coolant is kept at a lower pressure
than in a PWR, allowing it to boil.
 The steam is passed directly to the turbine
generators to produce electricity.

7. FAST BREEDER REACTOR (FBR)
 Fuel used : PuO₂ and UO₂
 Moderator : None
 Coolant : Liquid sodium
 Fast breeder reactors (FBRs) use fast
neutrons to convert materials such as uranium-
238 and thorium- 232 into fissile materials,
which then fuel the reactor .
 This process, combined with recycling, has the
potential to increase available nuclear fuel
resources in the very long term.

8. VODA VODA ENERGO REACTOR (VVER)
 Voda voda energo reactor meaning water
cooled, water moderator energy reactor.
 The VVER belongs to the family of the
Pressurized water reactors (PWRs)
 Currently VVER power stations are used
by Armenia, Bulgaria, China, Finland,
Hungary, India, Iran, Slovakia, Ukraine and
Russia.

9. KUNDANKULAM NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
 In INDIA, power station is in KUNDANKULAM.
 Power generation: 917 MW.
 Construction began: 31/03/2002
 Commission date: 22/10/2012
 Total cost: 17,270 crore
 Fuel: Enriched UO₂
 Coolant: Water

10. WORKING

11. INTRODUCTION OF “CANDU”
 CANDU reactors were first developed in the late 1950s
and 1960s.
 It was developed under partnership between Atomic
Energy of Canada Limited(AECL), the Hydro-Electric
Power Commission of Ontario, Canadian General
Electric.
 The reactor is also marketed abroad and there are
CANDU-type units operating
in India, Pakistan, Argentina, South
Korea, Romania and China.

12. PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTOR(PHWR)
“CANDU”
 Fuel used : Natural UO₂
 Moderator : Heavy Water
 Coolant : Heavy Water
 CANDU stands for "CANada Deuterium Uranium".
 It's a Canadian-designed power reactor of PHWR
type (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor).
 CANDU is the most efficient of all reactors in
using uranium: it uses about 15% less uranium
than a pressurized water reactor for each
megawatt of electricity produced

13. WORKING
 In the reactor, neutrons emitted in the fission reaction are
slowed down by the heavy water, which acts as a coolant
carrying the heat energy produced in the nuclear reaction
from the uranium rods to the heat exchanger and then to
the turbines to produce electric power.
 The products of fission are hot because the smaller atoms
produced when a large atom breaks up, it has a great
deal of kinetic energy.

14. 1. FUEL BUNDLE
2. CALANDRIA (REACTOR CORE)
3. ADJUSTER RODS
4. HEAVY WATER PRESSURE RESEERVOIR
5. STEAM GENERATION
6. LIGHT WATER PUMP
7. HEAVY WATER PUMP
8. FUELING MACHINE
9. HEAVY WATER MODERATOR
10. PRESSUE TUBE
11. STEAM GOING TO STEAM TURBINE
12. COLD WATER RETURNING FROM TURBINE
13. CONTAINMENT BUILDING MADE OF
REINFORCED CONCRETE

16. NUCLEAR REACTOR IN INDIA :

17. Power plants in India
Power station Operator State Type Units Total capacity (MW)
Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka PHWR 220 x 3 660
Kakrapar NPCIL Gujarat PHWR 220 x 2 440
Kalpakkam NPCIL Tamil Nadu PHWR 220 x 2 440
Narora NPCIL Uttar Pradesh PHWR 220 x 2 440
Rawatbhata NPCIL Rajasthan PHWR
100 x 1
200 x 1
220 x 3
960
Tarapur NPCIL Maharashtra
BWR (PH
WR
160 x 2
540 x 2
1400
Total 4340

18. UPCOMING PROJECTS: