Use of nuclear power plants for the generation of electricity is increasing all over the globe. Perhaps these plants are found environment friendly as compare to thermal power plants but also contains high risk for human life. However at present nuclear power plants constitute about 10% of total electricity generation in the world.
A nuclear power plant or nuclear power station is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to an electric generator which produces electricity.
Enrico Fermi is considered to have invented nuclear power, along with his colleagues at the University of Chicago in 1942, by successfully demonstrating the first controlled self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
A nuclear power plant or nuclear power station is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to an electric generator which produces electricity.
Enrico Fermi is considered to have invented nuclear power, along with his colleagues at the University of Chicago in 1942, by successfully demonstrating the first controlled self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
PWR is the most common type of nuclear reactor, representing about 60% of all nuclear power reactors in the world.
PWRs keep water under pressure so that it heats, but does not boil.
Water from the reactor and the water in the steam generator that is turned into steam never mix. In this way, most of the radioactivity stays in the reactor area.
Light Water Cooled
Types of Nuclear Reactors,BWR,Boiling Water Reactor,PWR,Pressurized Water Reactor,PHWR,Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor,GCR,Gas Cooled Reactor,AGR,Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor,LGR-Light Water Cooled,Graphite Moderated Reactor,nuclear reactor
This is presentation of boiling water reactor.
In this overview of boiling water reactor power plant.
comparison between boiling water reactor and pressurise water reactor.
Contain - control system , Steam turbine,fuel of boiling water reactor system and their advantages and disadvantages.
Contain - control system , Steam turbine,fuel of boiling water reactor system and their advantages and disadvantages.
PWR is the most common type of nuclear reactor, representing about 60% of all nuclear power reactors in the world.
PWRs keep water under pressure so that it heats, but does not boil.
Water from the reactor and the water in the steam generator that is turned into steam never mix. In this way, most of the radioactivity stays in the reactor area.
Light Water Cooled
Types of Nuclear Reactors,BWR,Boiling Water Reactor,PWR,Pressurized Water Reactor,PHWR,Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor,GCR,Gas Cooled Reactor,AGR,Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor,LGR-Light Water Cooled,Graphite Moderated Reactor,nuclear reactor
This is presentation of boiling water reactor.
In this overview of boiling water reactor power plant.
comparison between boiling water reactor and pressurise water reactor.
Contain - control system , Steam turbine,fuel of boiling water reactor system and their advantages and disadvantages.
Contain - control system , Steam turbine,fuel of boiling water reactor system and their advantages and disadvantages.
A nuclear power plant or nuclear power station is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to an electric generator which produces electricity.
A thermal power station is a power station in which heat energy is converted to electric power. In most of the places in the world the turbine is steam-driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator.
The 4.2km² site is in the Niigata Prefecture city of Kashiwazaki and the town of Kariwa, approximately 135 miles north-west of Tokyo, on the coast of the Sea of Japan.
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa is also the world's fourth largest electric-generating station behind three hydroelectric plants: Itaipu on the Brazil-Paraguay border, Three Gorges Dam in China and Guri Dam in Venezuela.
Like all power plants in Japan, Kashiwazaki-Kariwa was built to strict earthquake-resistance standards. However, the 2007 earthquake caused the plant to leak radioactive substances into the air and water. The plant, which has been operating since 1985, was closed until safety checks following the earthquake were completed. The plant was reopened in May 2009.
Nuclear power plants are a type of power plant that use the process of nuclear fission in order to generate electricity. They do this by using nuclear reactors in combination with the Rankine cycle, where the heat generated by the reactor converts water into steam, which spins a turbine and a generator.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
2. INTRODUCTION
• A generating plant in which nuclear energy is converted into
electrical energy is known as a nuclear power plant.
• Nuclear power plants use the
heat generated from nuclear
fission in a contained
environment to convert
water to steam, which
powers generators to
produce electricity.
2
3. Contd…..
• Nuclear power plants uses uranaium and plutonium as fuel.
• Today there are about 439 nuclear plants in 31 countries
constituting 10% of worlds energy demand.
• 1kg of uranium can produce as much energy as burning of 4500
tonnes of high variety grade of coal or 2000 tonnes of oil.
3
6. Types of nuclear power plant
• Based on type of rector, nuclear power plants has following types
1. Boiling water reactor
2. Pressurised water reactor
3. Pressurised heavy water reactor
4. Gas cooled reactor
5. Fast neutron reactor
6. Thorium reactor
6
7. Boiling water reactor
• Boiling Water Reactors (BWR)
are types of power plants that
work similar to a pressure
cooker where steam is
generated from heat within
the reactor core which in turn
is used to drive the turbine
blades that turns the
generator.
7
8. Pressurised water reactor
• Pressurised Water Reactor
(PWR) has a separate
arrangement to make steam in
the form of a heat exchanger.
• Pressurised hot water enters
the steam generator where
normal water is converted to
steam.
• Finally steam drives the
turbine to produce electricity.
8
9. Pressurised heavy water reactor
• The reactor core is in a large
tank called a calandria. There
is a heavy water as the
moderator in this tank.
• Heavy water is heated in
reactor and transported to
steam generator which
converts normal water to
steam and that steam is used
to drive the turbines.
9
10. STRUCTURE OF A NPP
• Structure of NPP contains 3 basic components
1. Containment building
2. Turbine building
3. Cooling tower
10
11. CONTAINMENT BUILDING
• It is an air tight structure
made up of reinforced
concrete structure.
• It houses nuclear reactor,
steam generators, pressurizer,
reactor coolant pumps and
other piping.
11
12. Continued…
• It is designed, in any emergency, to contain the escape
of radioactive steam or gas to a maximum pressure in the range of
275 to 550 kPa.
• It is strong enough to withstand the impact of a fully loaded
passenger airliner without rupture.
• The containment building consist of spherical or can like shape,
however modern design tends towards combination of both.
• Mostly spherical shape is preferred as it does not contain any
joints and most suitable to withstand internal pressure.
12
14. Turbine building
• Turbine building houses turbines, generators, condenser and other
equipment.
• In this building process of conversion of thermal energy into
electrical energy takes place.
• Turbine building is also used to accommodate turbine support
system, maintenance activity and movement of authorities for
routine checking and inspection purpose.
14
15. Coolig tower
• A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to
the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower
temperature.
• The hot water is led to the tower top and falls down through the tower
and is broken into small particles while passing over the baffling devices.
• Air enters the tower from the bottom and flow upwards. The air
vaporizes a small percentage of water, thereby cooling water falls down
into tank below the tower from where it is pumped to the condenser and
cycle is repeated.
• Cooling tower can be as high as 200 meter.
15
16. Contd….
• There are two types of cooling
tower
1. Natural draft cooling tower:
air circulated in cooling
tower by natural convection
2. Mechanical draft cooling
tower: air is circulated by
mechanical means such as
propeller or centrifugal fans.
16
17. Case study- Tarapur power plant
• Tarapur power plant is the largest nuclear power station in india.
• It is located in tarapur of boisar district in maharashtra state.
• The total capacity of this power plant is 1400MW.
• It contains total four reactors, two boiling water reactor and two
pressurised heavy water reactor.
• Capacity of each BWR reactor is 160MW and that of each
pressurised water reactor is 540MW.
17
19. Contd…
Unit Reactor Type Capacity(MWe)
Date of Commercial
Operation
1 Boiling Water Reactor(BWR) 160 October 28, 1969
2 Boiling Water Reactor(BWR) 160 October 28, 1969
3
Pressurised Heavy Water
Reactor(PHWR)
540 August 18, 2006
4
Pressurised Heavy Water
Reactor(PHWR)
540 September 12, 2005
19
The capacity of each reactor and their date of
commencement is tabulated below
20. Advantages of nuclear power plant
• Generating electricity by nuclear energy is saving an important
pollutant gases (CO2 and others) that would be generated if this
energy would be generated from the burning of fossil fuels.
• Currently more fossil fuels which are produced so that in the not
too distant future these resources will be exhausted or the prices
would rise making them inaccessible to most consumed of the
population.
• Another advantage is in the amount of fuel needed; with little fuel
large amounts of energy are obtained. This saves on raw materials
but also in transport, handling extraction nuclear fuel. The cost of
fuel is 20% of the cost of energy generated.
20
21. Contd…
• The energy produced per amount of material consumed is the
highest available, costs are competitive with coal, the major
source used in the world. 1kg of uranium can produce as much
energy as burning of 4500 tonnes of high variety grade of coal or
2000 tonnes of oil.
21
22. Disadvantages of nuclear power plant
• A major drawback is the generation of nuclear waste and the
difficulty to manage and it takes many years to lose
its radioactivity and danger.
• Another practical disadvantage of using nuclear energy is that it
needs a lot of investment to set up a nuclear power station.
• Unlike fossil fuels which are available to most of the countries,
uranium is very scarce resource and exist in only few of the
countries. Permissions of several international authorities are
required before someone can even thought of building a nuclear
power plant.
22
23. Contd…
• The uranium used in the process of fission is a naturally unstable
element. extra safety measures are meant to prevent uranium
from emitting harmful levels of radiation.
• after the shutdown, the plants remain on location as abandoned
reactors. Not only do they take up valuable land space, but they
also could contaminate the surrounding areas.
23
