A presentation on the basic concept of base oils and base oil groups prepared as an introductory deck for a series of training given to customer and in-house staff. NOTE: This contains parts of the standard Mobil presentation decks.

1. w w w . m o b i l . c o m
BASE OILS
Classifications and Properties
.
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban
Prepared By:
Kristian Arvin Jaca
2012

2. w w w . m o b i l . c o mObjectives
 The process of crude oil distillation and base oil production.
 API classification of base oil groups.
 Common properties of base oil groups.
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

3. w w w . m o b i l . c o mCrude Oil
What Is It?
• Crude Oil is a complex mixture of a vast number of chemical compounds
containing:
- Mainly Hydrocarbons with
- Sulphur
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen Compounds
- Metallic Salts
- Water
• The huge number of possible combinations and variations in chemical
structure, means that crudes vary considerably from source to source.
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

4. w w w . m o b i l . c o mCrude Oil Extraction
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

5. w w w . m o b i l . c o mCrude Oil Extraction
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

6. w w w . m o b i l . c o mCrude Oil Extraction
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

7. w w w . m o b i l . c o mCrude Distillation
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

8. w w w . m o b i l . c o mCrude Distillation
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

9. w w w . m o b i l . c o mBase oil quality
Some of the Key Factors
When does it
freeze? — Low
Pour Point
Refined for
Health and Safety
Low PCAs
Good Flow
at Low Temperatures
Clarity — Base Oils Must
be Clear and Bright —
Free from Wax Particles,
Free Water, Etc. . .
BA
Strict Quality Checks in Transport
Low Flammability = High Flash Point
Low Volatility
Small Difference in Viscosity
at Different Temperatures =
High VISCOSITY INDEX
IL
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

10. w w w . m o b i l . c o mBase Oil Categories & Characteristics
API Group Saturates % Sulfur % VI
Group I
(Solvent refined)
<90 >0.03 80-120
Group II
(Hydro-processed)
>/=90 </=0.03 80-120
Group III
(Severely Hydro-processed/
Catalytic de-waxing)
>90 <0.03 120+
Group IV
(Polyalphaolefins - PAO)
>90 0.00 140+
Group V
(All other synthetic lubricants -
polyglycols, esters, silicons, etc.)
Various characteristics based on type
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

11. w w w . m o b i l . c o mCrude Distillation
Group 1
Group 2
Group 4
Group 3
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban
Hydro-Processed
Severely Hydro-Processed,
Catalytically De-waxed

12. w w w . m o b i l . c o mBase Oil Categories & Characteristics
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban
Synthetic Oil
Mineral Oil

13. w w w . m o b i l . c o mBase Oil Categories & Characteristics
API Group Saturates % Sulfur % VI
Group I
(Solvent refined)
<90 >0.03 80-120
Group II
(Hydro-processed)
>/=90 </=0.03 80-120
Group III
(Severely Hydro-processed/
Catalytic de-waxing)
>90 <0.03 120+
Group IV
(Polyalphaolefins - PAO)
>90 0.00 140+
Group V
(All other synthetic lubricants -
polyglycols, esters, silicons, etc.)
Various characteristics based on type
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

14. w w w . m o b i l . c o mViscosity – Temperature Relationship
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban
High Viscosity
Low Viscosity
High Viscosity
Low Viscosity
Better Protection at High Temp
Faster Circulation at Low Temp
Synthetic Base Oil
VI ≥ 100
Mineral Base Oil
VI ≤ 99
Similar to Start-Up Conditions Similar to Operating Conditions
Viscosity Index - The rate of change of viscosity with temperature.

15. w w w . m o b i l . c o mGeneral Base Oil Properties
Comparison on Basestock Properties
Parameter Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
Oxidation Stability
Volatility
Additive Solvency of basestock
Inherent Deposit Control
Low Temperature capability
Efficiency/Traction
Relative costs 1 1.1 – 1.2 1.5 4 to 10
Viscosity range at 40 deg C
(in cSt)
Up to 500 * Up to 120 * Up to 40
Up to
50,000
* Higher viscosity grades - fortification with polymer thickeners of heavy Group I, IV, or V basestocks is often required
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

16. w w w . m o b i l . c o mComparison of Different Base Oils
PAO / PAG
ASTM colour 1
Conventional mineral oil
ASTM colour 3 (hydraulic oil) to 6 (gear oil)
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

17. w w w . m o b i l . c o mFully Synthetic Mobil Lubricants
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban
 Mobil 1
 Mobil Delvac 1
 Mobil SHC
Polyalphaolefins (PAO)

18. w w w . m o b i l . c o mSeven (7) Advantages of Mobil SHCs
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban

19. w w w . m o b i l . c o m
North Trend Marketing Corporation
Cebu Iloilo Bacolod Dumaguete Bohol Tacloban
Seven (7) Advantages of Mobil SHCs