This document discusses the application of high quality base oils from SK Corporation's UCO lube process to specialty lubricants. It summarizes that the UCO process produces base oils from severely hydrocracked fuels hydrocracker residue that have properties similar to synthetic PAO oils, including high viscosity index, oxidation stability, and low volatility. These base oils can be used in automotive, industrial, and specialty applications like agricultural spray oils, white oils, coning oils, and transformer oils where they provide benefits like improved low-temperature properties and thermal stability compared to conventional base oils. Their main limitation is lower dissolving ability which can be addressed through additive selection or blending with aromatic compounds.

1. APPLICATION OF HIGH QUALITY (GROUP II, III) BASE OILS
TO SPECIALTY LUBRICANTS
JANUARY 28, 2000
6th ANNUAL FUELS & LUBES ASIA CONFERENCE
SINGAPORE
SK Corporation
WOO-SIK MOON,
YONG-RAE CHO and
JUNG-SIK CHUN
SK Corporation

2. Presentation Overview
SK Corporation
•Introduction
- High Quality Base Oils
•High Quality Base Oils and White Mineral Oils
from Fuels Hydrocracker Residue
•Product Quality of UCO Lube Process
- General Performance
- Dissolving Ability
•Applications UCO Process Products in Specialties
- Agricultural Spray Oils
- White Oils
- Coning Oils
- Transformer Oils
•Summary

3. High Quality Base Oils
SK Corporation
•Low Volatility
•Excellent Oxidation Stability
•Excellent Low Temperature Properties
•Inherent VI being above 120

4. High Quality Base Oils
SK Corporation
Market Forces of High Quality Base Oils
Fuel efficiency
Energy saving
Volatility
Environ. friendly
OEM
People
Oil Co.
Formulation
Cost
Safety
Performance
Maintenance
Value
Push Pull
High Quality
Base Oils
Use

5. High Quality Base Oils
SK Corporation
Four Main Options of High Quality Base Oils
•PAOs
•Di-Esters
•Wax Isomerised Base Oils
•Severely Hydrocracked Base Oils

6. High Quality Base Oils and White Mineral Oils from Fuels
Hydrocracker Residue
SK Corporation
SK UCO Lube Process
Vacuum
Distil'n
Unit
HDT
Reactor
Vacuum
StripperReduced
Crude
Fuels
Fuel Hydrocracking Complex
HDC
Reactor
VGO
VR
UCO (Hydrocracker Residue)
Gases
HDW
Reactor
BASE OILS,
WHITE OILS
Vacuum
Stripper
HDT
Reactor
Lube Hydrodewaxing Complex
Vacuum
Distil'n
Unit

7. High Quality Base Oils and White Mineral Oils from Fuels
Hydrocracker Residue
SK Corporation
Catalysts and Operating Conditions in Hydro-Finishing Unit
for Production of White Mineral Oils
Former Current
Catalyst Description Ni, W on Alumina Pd on high Surface
with Promoter Carrier
Temperature, ‘C 245 ~ 340 230 ~ 300
Pressure, kg/cm G 155 ~ 190 155 ~ 190
Space Velocity, kg/l/hr 1.0 1.0
2

8. High Quality Base Oils and White Mineral Oils from Fuels
Hydrocracker Residue
SK Corporation
•Severe Hydrocracking and Recycling of Fuels hydrocracker
Residue (UCO)
•UCO is Feedstock for High Quality VHVI Base Oils Production
•All Hydro-processing Route
- Utilization of Hydro-isomerized Dewaxing with fuels
Hydrocracker Residue and High Pressure Hydro-finishing
•Economic Process for Production High Quality Base Oils and
White Mineral Oils
- Integration of Fuels Hydrocracker and Lube Process with
Noble Metallic Catalysts
Summary

9. Product Quality of UCO Lube Process
SK Corporation
•3 Viscosity grades in 2 Quality levels with VI’s in the range
110 - 135
•API Group 2, Group 3 Base Oil
•Severely Hydro-Cracked Base Oil
A VHVI Base Oil, YUBASE

10. Product Quality of UCO Lube Process
SK Corporation
Typical Properties of YUBASE
YUBASE-3 YUBASE-4 YUBASE-6
(API Gr-II) (API Gr-III) (API Gr-III)
Viscosity @ 40'C, cSt 12.3 19.1 32.5
Viscosity @100'C, cSt 3.1 4.2 6.0
Viscosity Index 115 126 133
Flash point, COC, 'C 196 220 234
Pour point, 'C -24 -15 -15
CCS vis. @-25'C, cP <500 770 2220
Noack volatility, wt% 40.0 14.5 7.0
Sulfur content, ppm <1 <1 <1
Aromatics, wt% <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

11. Product Quality of UCO Lube Process
SK Corporation
Property Comparison of 150N Grades
Solvent Lube Hydro VHVI Synthetic
Refined Cracking YU-6 PAO-6
Viscosity @ 40'C, cSt 30.3 29.8 32.5 31.0
Viscosity @100'C, cSt 5.0 5.1 6.0 5.9
Viscosity Index 95 99 133 135
Flash point, COC, 'C 216 222 234 234
Pour point, 'C -12 -12 -15 -60
CCS vis. @-25'C, cP 4500 4000 2220 900
Noack volatility, wt% 17.0 16.5 7.0 6.8
Sulfur content, ppm 5800 300 <1 <1
Aromatics, wt% 22.5 3.5 <0.5 <0.5
RBOT, +0.3%AO, min 185 250 520 540
PCT, mg (1) 158 140 58 32
Note (1) : with 13.0% ACEA A3/B3 DI + 10.0wt% OCP VII

12. Product Quality of UCO Lube Process
SK Corporation
Dissolving Ability Comparison of 150N Grades
Solvent Lube Hydro VHVI Naphthene
Refined Cracking YU-6 150N
Aniline point, 'C 100 116 126 79
Vis.-Grav. Constant 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.87
Carbon type distribution
Cp, % 57 64 79 47
Cn, % 38 35 21 42
Ca, % 5 1 0 11

13. Product Quality of UCO Lube Process
SK Corporation
•Very Good Viscosity-Temperature Behavior
and Good Low Temperature Properties
•Excellent Oxidative and Thermal Stability
•Very Low Volatility
•Similar to PAO in General Performances
•No Toxic Potential
•Lack of Dissolving Ability
Summary

14. Applications of UCO Process Product
SK Corporation
High Quality Base Oils Based Lubricants Advantages
Properties / Improvements Reasons
•Better Low Temp. Properties Low Wax, High VI
•Low Oil Consumption and Low Volatility, Narrow Boiling
Higher Flash, Fire Points Ranges
•Higher Thermal and Oxidative High Saturates, Good Additive
Stability (Longer Life) Response
•Good Friction Behavior and High VI, Low Aromatics
Wear Reduction
•Environmentally Friend Low Aromatics, Low Volatility

15. Applications of UCO Process Product
SK Corporation
Principal Uses of UCO Process Products
Automotive Oils Industrial Oils Specialties
PCMO Hydraulic Fluids Heat transfers
HDDO Turbine Oils Quenching Oils
Gear Oils Compressor Oils Cutting Oils
ATFs Vacuum Pump Oils Process Oils
Tractor Fluids Rolling Oils Spray Oils
Shock Absorber Oils White Oils
Textile Oils
Transformer Oils

16. Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties
SK Corporation
Agricultural Spray Oils
Base Oil Properties for Citrus Spray Oils
General
YUBASE-4 Criteria
Viscosity @40'C, cSt 19.1 60N~100N
Unsulfonated Residue, vol% >99 >92
Paraffinic Carbon (Cp), % 78 >60
Boiling Range by GCD
10% off, ‘C 395.0
90% off, ‘C 541.5
90% - 10% off, ‘C 56.5 <65
Carbon No. by GCD Data
10% ~ 90% off point 24~30 16~30

17. Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties
SK Corporation
Agricultural Spray Oils
Surfactants for UCO Process Product in Citrus Spray Oils
General
Spray Oil Dosage
YUBASE-4, wt% 99.35 balance
Emulsifier Package, wt% 0.65 1 ~ 3
Nonylphenoxypolyetoxy ethanol
1-Decanol
1-Octanol

18. Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties
SK Corporation
Agricultural Spray Oils
Field Test Results of UCO Process Product based Spray Oil
Spray Oil Chemical Pesticide
Test Field Northern Cheju Island, Korea
Applying Plants 9 Trees of Citrus Fruit
Target Pests Mites (Panonychus Citri)
Spraying Pesticides 1% Emulsion 0.2% Tebufenpyrad
% Mortality
@ 3days after spraying 93.8 100
@ 7days after spraying 98.7 100
@14days after spraying 99.4 99.7
@21days after spraying 99.4 99.5
Phytotoxicity none -
in 2%Emulsion Spraying

19. Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties
SK Corporation
White Oils
Test Results of UCO Process Product as White Oils
PHAZOL-3 PHAZOL-4 PHAZOL-6 General Criteria
Viscosity @40'C, cSt 12.3 19.1 32.5
Sulfur, ppm <1 <1 <1 <1
UV Absorbance, DMSO
@260~350nm 0.018 0.020 0.021 <0.100
Readily Carbonizable pass pass pass pass
Substance

20. Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties
SK Corporation
White Oils
Property Comparison of 70N Grade White Oils for Cosmetics
PHAZOL-3 Conventional Remark
Feedstock - Lube Hydrocracking
Base Oils
Yield Test by 3% Oleum
Acid Treating, vol% - 89 + 5% EtOH
Composition Analysis
Paraffins, wt% 41.7 30.6 ASTM D2549
Naphthenes, wt% 58.3 69.4 and D2786
Aromatics Trace Trace
GC-Mass Analysis
Below C18, vol% 1.0 3.4 Spike Peak
Spike Peak in GC Graph. None Detected n-Paraffins

21. Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties
SK Corporation

22. Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties
SK Corporation

23. Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties
SK Corporation
Coning Oils
Surfactants for UCO Process Product in Coning Oils
Coning Oil
YUBASE-3, wt% 92.0
Emulsifier Package, wt% 8.0
Polyoxyethylene oleyl ether
Sorbitan monooleate
Phosphate ester
Etoxylated nonyl-phenol
Oleic acid

24. Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties
SK Corporation
Coning Oils
Property Comparison of UCO Process Product based and
Conventional Base OiIs based Coning Oils
YUBASE-3 based Convent’l (A) Convent’l (B)
Appearance of Emulsion Milky White Yellowish Milky White
Emulsion Stability (1)
Light Emulsion, % - 90 -
Clear Emulsion,% 100 8 100
Oil Layer, % - 2 -
Evaporation Loss, wt% 4.0 13.7 13.0
Note (1) : Stability of 10% Solution in Tap Water, after 24hrs

25. Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties
SK Corporation
Transformer Oils
Property Comparison of UCO Process Product based and
Conventional Base OiIs based Transformer Oils
Hydrotreated
YUBASE-L3 Naphthene Paraffin Oil
Viscosity @40℃, cSt 12.1 11.7 8.4
Flash Point, PMCC, ℃ 194 136 144
Pour point, ℃ -42 -33 -21
Copper Corrosion @100℃/3hrs 1-a 2-a 1-b
Dissipation Factor, % 0.03 <0.001 0.002
Impulse Breakdown Voltage, 77.5 48 90
Point/Sphere @3.2mm, kV
Gassing Tendency +31 -19 -4
@8KV/50℃, ?l/min
Oxidation Stability @125℃/75Hrs 0.19 0.20 0.38
TAN, mgKOH/g

26. Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties
SK Corporation
Transformer Oils
Improving Gassing Tendency Performance of UCO Process
Product based Transformer Oils
YU-L3 + C13 Aro. Compound (1)
YUBASE-L3 1% C13 2% C13 3% C13
Gassing Tendency +31 -23 -26 -29
@8KV/50℃, ?l/min
Note (1) : C13 Aro. Compound is Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixture of Carbon No.10
~ 13 with Two Benzene Ring.

27. Applications of UCO Process Product in Specialties
SK Corporation
•Increasing their Applications to Industrial Lubricating Oils
and Specialties.
•Expected Limitation of Applications in Specialty Lubricant Areas
- Lack of Dissolving Ability by More Paraffinic Nature
•Can be Solved by Careful Selection of Additives and/or
Formulation with Adequate Aromatic Compounds
•Provide Various Advantages over Conventional Base Oils
based Specialty Lubricants
Summary