In this paper, the focusing of ultrasound beam is considered. Electronic circuitry is considered as support to the theme of the work. The results presented in this paper are notable for improved resolution. The extension of the application diversity is also proposed based on use of Piezo electric transceducers.
Design of a dual-band antenna for energy harvesting applicationjournalBEEI
This report presents an investigation on how to improve the current dual-band antenna to enhance the better result of the antenna parameters for energy harvesting application. Besides that, to develop a new design and validate the antenna frequencies that will operate at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. At 5.4 GHz, more data can be transmitted compare to 2.4 GHz. However, 2.4 GHz has long distance of radiation, so it can be used when far away from the antenna module compare to 5 GHz that has short distance in radiation. The development of this project includes the scope of designing and testing of antenna using computer simulation technology (CST) 2018 software and vector network analyzer (VNA) equipment. In the process of designing, fundamental parameters of antenna are being measured and validated, in purpose to identify the better antenna performance.
performance analysis of different radiation pattern using genetic algorithmijtsrd
In most applications of antenna arrays, side lobe levels SLLs are commonly unwanted. Especially, the first side lobe level which determines maximum SLL is the main source of electromagnetic interference EMI , and hence, it should be lowered. In this thesis proposed a very simple and powerful method for the synthesis of linear array antenna. This method reduced the desired level of side lobe level SLL as well as to steer the main beam at different different angle. In this paper we draw the radiation pattern for N = 24 elements with main beam are shifted by 30° and the simulation result analysis by Matlab R2013a tool. Rahul Pandya | Praveen Kumar Patidar "Performance Analysis of Different Radiation Pattern using Genetic Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33020.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/33020/performance-analysis-of-different-radiation-pattern-using-genetic-algorithm/rahul-pandya
Design of wide band microstrip array antenna using direct coupled techniqueeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and Development of a Shortwave near Infrared Spectroscopy using NIR LE...IJECEIAES
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic technology has been getting more attention in various fields. The development of a low cost NIR spectroscopy is crucial to reduce the financial barriers so that more NIR spectroscopic applications will be investigated and developed by means of the NIR spectroscopic technology. This study proposes an alternative to measure shortwave NIR spectrum using one collimating lens, two slits, one NIR transmission grating, one linear array sensor, and one microcontroller. Five high precision narrow bands NIR light emitting diodes (LEDs) were used to calibrate the proposed spectroscopy. The effects of the proposed two slits design, the distance between the grating and linear array sensor, and three different regression models were investigated. The accuracy of the proposed design was cross-validated using leave-one-out cross-validation. Results show that the proposed two slits design was able to eliminate unwanted signals substantially, and the cross-validation was able to estimate the best model with root mean squared error of cross-validation of 3.8932nm. Findings indicate that the cross-validation approach is a good approach to estimate the final model without over-fitting, and the proposed shortwave NIR spectroscopy was able to estimate the peak value of the acquired spectrum from NIR LEDs with RMSE of 1.1616nm.
Evolutionary algorithms for optimum design of thin broadband multilayer micro...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper we focused on the comparative study of three very popular and most recently developed nature inspired evolutionary algorithms namely Biogeography based optimization algorithm (BBO), Flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and Artificial bee colony optimization algorithm (ABC) for developing a model of 6 layers thin broadband (0.2-20GHz) microwave absorber. The model is optimized for oblique wide angle of incidence (450, 600) taking both TE and TM polarization of the electromagnetic wave under consideration. The primary goal of our design is to minimizing the overall reflection coefficient of the absorber and its total thickness by selecting the proper layer of materials from a predefined database of existing materials. 8 different models are presented and synthesize considering both these design consideration simultaneously and for only overall reflection coefficient of the absorber while total thickness is not taken into consideration during optimization for each cases. The optimum values of all the significant parameters of the multilayer absorber for different models have been compared and tabulated using BBO, FPA and ABC algorithms which established the superiority of our proposed design. Keywords: Multilayer microwave absorber, Oblique incidence, Broadband, Evolutionary algorithms, Arbitrary polarization
Analysis and Design of S-shaped Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper gives a compact analysis and design of S-shaped Microstrip patch antenna which is best suited for Wi-max application. The analysis and design is simulated over IE3D software Ver. 15.2. We have taken a definite ground plane of 50x70 mm and patch size of 30x50 mm.The substrate thickness is taken as 1.6 mm and dielectric constant of 4.2 and loss tangent of 0.0013. The simulated result shows that the bandwidth is obtained in triple band- 7.79% at 0.262921 GHz band, 13.45% at 1.53034 GHz band and 28.0056% at 2.2382 GHz band. The obtained gain is 3.96 dBi at 2.33945 GHz. The obtained gain and bandwidth is best suited for Wi-max application. Keywords: S shape, Ground plane, Patch Antenna, Triple Band.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design of a dual-band antenna for energy harvesting applicationjournalBEEI
This report presents an investigation on how to improve the current dual-band antenna to enhance the better result of the antenna parameters for energy harvesting application. Besides that, to develop a new design and validate the antenna frequencies that will operate at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. At 5.4 GHz, more data can be transmitted compare to 2.4 GHz. However, 2.4 GHz has long distance of radiation, so it can be used when far away from the antenna module compare to 5 GHz that has short distance in radiation. The development of this project includes the scope of designing and testing of antenna using computer simulation technology (CST) 2018 software and vector network analyzer (VNA) equipment. In the process of designing, fundamental parameters of antenna are being measured and validated, in purpose to identify the better antenna performance.
performance analysis of different radiation pattern using genetic algorithmijtsrd
In most applications of antenna arrays, side lobe levels SLLs are commonly unwanted. Especially, the first side lobe level which determines maximum SLL is the main source of electromagnetic interference EMI , and hence, it should be lowered. In this thesis proposed a very simple and powerful method for the synthesis of linear array antenna. This method reduced the desired level of side lobe level SLL as well as to steer the main beam at different different angle. In this paper we draw the radiation pattern for N = 24 elements with main beam are shifted by 30° and the simulation result analysis by Matlab R2013a tool. Rahul Pandya | Praveen Kumar Patidar "Performance Analysis of Different Radiation Pattern using Genetic Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33020.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/33020/performance-analysis-of-different-radiation-pattern-using-genetic-algorithm/rahul-pandya
Design of wide band microstrip array antenna using direct coupled techniqueeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and Development of a Shortwave near Infrared Spectroscopy using NIR LE...IJECEIAES
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic technology has been getting more attention in various fields. The development of a low cost NIR spectroscopy is crucial to reduce the financial barriers so that more NIR spectroscopic applications will be investigated and developed by means of the NIR spectroscopic technology. This study proposes an alternative to measure shortwave NIR spectrum using one collimating lens, two slits, one NIR transmission grating, one linear array sensor, and one microcontroller. Five high precision narrow bands NIR light emitting diodes (LEDs) were used to calibrate the proposed spectroscopy. The effects of the proposed two slits design, the distance between the grating and linear array sensor, and three different regression models were investigated. The accuracy of the proposed design was cross-validated using leave-one-out cross-validation. Results show that the proposed two slits design was able to eliminate unwanted signals substantially, and the cross-validation was able to estimate the best model with root mean squared error of cross-validation of 3.8932nm. Findings indicate that the cross-validation approach is a good approach to estimate the final model without over-fitting, and the proposed shortwave NIR spectroscopy was able to estimate the peak value of the acquired spectrum from NIR LEDs with RMSE of 1.1616nm.
Evolutionary algorithms for optimum design of thin broadband multilayer micro...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper we focused on the comparative study of three very popular and most recently developed nature inspired evolutionary algorithms namely Biogeography based optimization algorithm (BBO), Flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and Artificial bee colony optimization algorithm (ABC) for developing a model of 6 layers thin broadband (0.2-20GHz) microwave absorber. The model is optimized for oblique wide angle of incidence (450, 600) taking both TE and TM polarization of the electromagnetic wave under consideration. The primary goal of our design is to minimizing the overall reflection coefficient of the absorber and its total thickness by selecting the proper layer of materials from a predefined database of existing materials. 8 different models are presented and synthesize considering both these design consideration simultaneously and for only overall reflection coefficient of the absorber while total thickness is not taken into consideration during optimization for each cases. The optimum values of all the significant parameters of the multilayer absorber for different models have been compared and tabulated using BBO, FPA and ABC algorithms which established the superiority of our proposed design. Keywords: Multilayer microwave absorber, Oblique incidence, Broadband, Evolutionary algorithms, Arbitrary polarization
Analysis and Design of S-shaped Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper gives a compact analysis and design of S-shaped Microstrip patch antenna which is best suited for Wi-max application. The analysis and design is simulated over IE3D software Ver. 15.2. We have taken a definite ground plane of 50x70 mm and patch size of 30x50 mm.The substrate thickness is taken as 1.6 mm and dielectric constant of 4.2 and loss tangent of 0.0013. The simulated result shows that the bandwidth is obtained in triple band- 7.79% at 0.262921 GHz band, 13.45% at 1.53034 GHz band and 28.0056% at 2.2382 GHz band. The obtained gain is 3.96 dBi at 2.33945 GHz. The obtained gain and bandwidth is best suited for Wi-max application. Keywords: S shape, Ground plane, Patch Antenna, Triple Band.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A new design and a new application of a metamaterial that converts 36.8% of incident power from a 900 MHz signal into usable dc voltage.experimentally rectified by an array of metamaterial unit cells.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Energy Efficient Wireless CommunicationsJingon Joung
The tutorial begins with a brief introduction of spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) in communications. Various definitions of EE will also be covered briefly. One typically used EE, i.e., bits-per-Joule, is theoretically derived and the ideal SE-EE tradeoff is introduced. It is recognized that a power amplifier (PA) is one of the most critical components in wireless communication systems and consumes a significant fraction of the total energy. The fundamental properties of PA, such as linearity and efficiency, are introduced. With the practical characteristics of PA, the detrimental effects of the signal non-linearity and power inefficiency of the PA on the SE, EE, and their tradeoff, are quantified.
Next, various existing EE-improving techniques are categorized from three perspectives: PA design, signal design and network design. This broad understanding based on the three categories will help motivate holistic design approaches to mitigate the non-ideal effects in real-life PA devices, and accelerate cross-domain research to further enhance the available techniques for high EE or good SE-EE tradeoff.
Last, the remaining challenges and future work for EE issue will be discussed.
Time Domain Modelling of Optical Add-drop filter based on Microcavity Ring Re...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Neutron Imaging and Tomography with Medipix2 and Dental Microroentgenography:...IJAEMSJORNAL
An over view of Neutron Imaging and Tomography (NIT) with Medipix2 and Dental Micro-roentgenography have been presented in this article. This over view confined to semiconductor detector Medipix2, neutron radiography and tomography and dental microroentgenography. Medipix2 is a pixel-based detector technology employed to measure charge particles, photons (visible through gammas) and neutron. Neutron Beam for this technology are LVR-15 Research Reactor ( 107 n/cm2 s) and Spallation neutron source ( 3×106n/cm2 s) .This technology has been verified with photograph and neutronogram of a relay and photograph and tomographic 3D reconstruction of a bullet cartidge, tooth and fishing thread. Comparison of spatial resolution among different imagers also has been presented.
NETWORK ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR GREEN WIRELESS ACCESS NETWORKSMadhav Thekkedath
Now a day smart phone users are increased and the energy consumption problem in mobile industry has become crucial. For the growth of mobile industry energy efficiency of the system must be improved. In order to improve the methods of network energy usage usually reduction of the Base Stations are to be employed.
The mobile industry faces a critical energy consumption challenge. By 2014 smart phones will exceed 1.82 billion units and surpass PCs as the most common web access devices. That’s why it is one of the important things. As all know that a smart is mainly for easy access to the network at anytime and anywhere. So it employs powering up all the Radio Base Stations (RBS’s) at maximum power. Since there are more number of service providers competition exist at the field of telecommunication. So it yields in more energy consumption to get monopoly among them. In the field of engineering, a system is usually designed to transform energy to useful work. Energy Efficiency can therefore be defined as the ratio of useful work to the total supplied energy. The useful work in a communication system refers to the effort to deliver modulated signals for information exchange. The definition of Energy Efficiency varies according to measured objects. There are two basic methods to measure Energy Efficiency. One way is to define Energy Efficiency as the ratio of efficient output power/energy to total input power/energy. This definition is widely used by systems and components such as power supply, Power Amplifiers, and antennas. The other way defines Energy Efficiency as the performance per unit of energy consumption.
The seminar gives a brief description about the methods to manage the network energy even when the on time access to network by mobile phones. Also gives a summary about existing and latest methodologies about the management in RBS’s.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A SIMPLE METHOD TO AMPLIFY MICRO DISPLACEMENTijics
A simple method to amplify the micro displacements produced by magnetostrictive effect, giant
magnetostrictive, converse piezoelectric and photo strictive effect, respectively, is reported. The device
consists mainly of two material rods with different coefficients of strains vs intensity of external fields,
which are rigidly jointed, so that the displacements created by different rods can be added directly. In
contrast with all other methods reported so far, which are all based on the principle of lever, this approach
holds some unique advantages that can be applied to respond to the electromagnetic fields with high
frequency because there is no friction caused by the relative motion between levers and furthermore, an
ideal and smooth amplification of micro displacement can be obtained with ease in principle.
In the present paper a circular slot rectangular microstrip loaded antenna is proposed. The obtained bandwidth of rectangular microstrip antenna is improved up to 46.92%. The proposed antenna has frequency band in the frequency range 1.979 GHz to 3.192 GHz this frequency band is suitable for WLAN / WiMAX and other wireless communication applications. The microstrip antenna suffers from narrow bandwidth hence the present work provide an alternative solution to increase the bandwidth. The gain has been improved up to 4.68dBi and antenna efficiency is 97.63%. The proposed slot loaded Microstrip antenna is fed by 0.3 mm line feed. The proposed antenna is simulated by IE3D Zealand simulation software based on method of moments.
A new design and a new application of a metamaterial that converts 36.8% of incident power from a 900 MHz signal into usable dc voltage.experimentally rectified by an array of metamaterial unit cells.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Energy Efficient Wireless CommunicationsJingon Joung
The tutorial begins with a brief introduction of spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) in communications. Various definitions of EE will also be covered briefly. One typically used EE, i.e., bits-per-Joule, is theoretically derived and the ideal SE-EE tradeoff is introduced. It is recognized that a power amplifier (PA) is one of the most critical components in wireless communication systems and consumes a significant fraction of the total energy. The fundamental properties of PA, such as linearity and efficiency, are introduced. With the practical characteristics of PA, the detrimental effects of the signal non-linearity and power inefficiency of the PA on the SE, EE, and their tradeoff, are quantified.
Next, various existing EE-improving techniques are categorized from three perspectives: PA design, signal design and network design. This broad understanding based on the three categories will help motivate holistic design approaches to mitigate the non-ideal effects in real-life PA devices, and accelerate cross-domain research to further enhance the available techniques for high EE or good SE-EE tradeoff.
Last, the remaining challenges and future work for EE issue will be discussed.
Time Domain Modelling of Optical Add-drop filter based on Microcavity Ring Re...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Neutron Imaging and Tomography with Medipix2 and Dental Microroentgenography:...IJAEMSJORNAL
An over view of Neutron Imaging and Tomography (NIT) with Medipix2 and Dental Micro-roentgenography have been presented in this article. This over view confined to semiconductor detector Medipix2, neutron radiography and tomography and dental microroentgenography. Medipix2 is a pixel-based detector technology employed to measure charge particles, photons (visible through gammas) and neutron. Neutron Beam for this technology are LVR-15 Research Reactor ( 107 n/cm2 s) and Spallation neutron source ( 3×106n/cm2 s) .This technology has been verified with photograph and neutronogram of a relay and photograph and tomographic 3D reconstruction of a bullet cartidge, tooth and fishing thread. Comparison of spatial resolution among different imagers also has been presented.
NETWORK ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR GREEN WIRELESS ACCESS NETWORKSMadhav Thekkedath
Now a day smart phone users are increased and the energy consumption problem in mobile industry has become crucial. For the growth of mobile industry energy efficiency of the system must be improved. In order to improve the methods of network energy usage usually reduction of the Base Stations are to be employed.
The mobile industry faces a critical energy consumption challenge. By 2014 smart phones will exceed 1.82 billion units and surpass PCs as the most common web access devices. That’s why it is one of the important things. As all know that a smart is mainly for easy access to the network at anytime and anywhere. So it employs powering up all the Radio Base Stations (RBS’s) at maximum power. Since there are more number of service providers competition exist at the field of telecommunication. So it yields in more energy consumption to get monopoly among them. In the field of engineering, a system is usually designed to transform energy to useful work. Energy Efficiency can therefore be defined as the ratio of useful work to the total supplied energy. The useful work in a communication system refers to the effort to deliver modulated signals for information exchange. The definition of Energy Efficiency varies according to measured objects. There are two basic methods to measure Energy Efficiency. One way is to define Energy Efficiency as the ratio of efficient output power/energy to total input power/energy. This definition is widely used by systems and components such as power supply, Power Amplifiers, and antennas. The other way defines Energy Efficiency as the performance per unit of energy consumption.
The seminar gives a brief description about the methods to manage the network energy even when the on time access to network by mobile phones. Also gives a summary about existing and latest methodologies about the management in RBS’s.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A SIMPLE METHOD TO AMPLIFY MICRO DISPLACEMENTijics
A simple method to amplify the micro displacements produced by magnetostrictive effect, giant
magnetostrictive, converse piezoelectric and photo strictive effect, respectively, is reported. The device
consists mainly of two material rods with different coefficients of strains vs intensity of external fields,
which are rigidly jointed, so that the displacements created by different rods can be added directly. In
contrast with all other methods reported so far, which are all based on the principle of lever, this approach
holds some unique advantages that can be applied to respond to the electromagnetic fields with high
frequency because there is no friction caused by the relative motion between levers and furthermore, an
ideal and smooth amplification of micro displacement can be obtained with ease in principle.
In the present paper a circular slot rectangular microstrip loaded antenna is proposed. The obtained bandwidth of rectangular microstrip antenna is improved up to 46.92%. The proposed antenna has frequency band in the frequency range 1.979 GHz to 3.192 GHz this frequency band is suitable for WLAN / WiMAX and other wireless communication applications. The microstrip antenna suffers from narrow bandwidth hence the present work provide an alternative solution to increase the bandwidth. The gain has been improved up to 4.68dBi and antenna efficiency is 97.63%. The proposed slot loaded Microstrip antenna is fed by 0.3 mm line feed. The proposed antenna is simulated by IE3D Zealand simulation software based on method of moments.
It is very useful for Electrical &Electronics and Electronics and Communication Engineering Students. Here explained the all types of Electrical and Electronics instruments with relevant diagram and Equations
Design of Micro strip Antenna in Ism Band with Polarization Diversity and Fre...paperpublications3
Abstract: In the modern world especially during the last two decades, Wireless communications has been developed widely and rapidly. In future, development in personal communication devices will provide image, speech and data communications at any time, and anywhere around the world. It shows that the future communication terminal antennas must meet the requirements of multi-band or wideband operations to cover the frequency band of operation. Frequency agile antennas in ISM band (2.4-2.4835) GHz that support diversity polarization provides excellent performance for applications including multifunction radar, space-based platforms, wireless communications, and personal electronic devices. To reduce the transmission losses, matching in polarization in both the transmitter and receiver antennas is very much important. In this paper we will design two microstrip antenna one with linearly polarized and other with circularly polarized in 2.4 GHz ISM band with frequency agility in 2.4-2.4835 GHz. In both the design single feeding is used. This paper presents a new design for a linearly polarized antenna based on rectangular microstrip patch. Circular polarization is generated by truncating two opposite edges from a rectangular patch antenna. The truncation splits the field with equal magnitude and 90° phase shift into two orthogonal modes. Both the antennas are simulated with high frequency simulating software (HFSS).
Analysis of element shape in the design for multi band applicationseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
In this paper we are interested to calculate the resonant frequency of rectangular patch antenna using artificial neural networks based on the multilayered perceptrons. The artificial neural networks built, transforms the inputs which are, the width of the patch W, the length of the patch L, the thickness of the substrate h and the dielectric permittivity ε_r to the resonant frequency fr which is an important parameter to design a microstrip patch antenna.The proposed method based on artificial neural networks is compared to some analytical methods using some statistical criteria. The obtained results demonstrate that artificial neural networks are more adequate to achieve the purpose than the other methods and present a good argument with the experimental results available in the literature. Hence, the artificial neural networks can be used by researchers to predict the resonant frequency of a rectangular patch antenna knowing length (L), width (W), thickness (h) and dielectric permittivity 〖(ε〗_r) with a good accuracy.
Efficient wireless power transmission to remote the sensor in restenosis coro...nooriasukmaningtyas
In this study, the researchers have proposed an alternative technique for designing an asymmetric 4 coil-resonance coupling module based on the series-to-parallel topology at 27 MHz industrial scientific medical (ISM) band to avoid the tissue damage, for the constant monitoring of the in-stent restenosis coronary artery. This design consisted of 2 components, i.e., the external part that included 3 planar coils that were placed outside the body and an internal helical coil (stent) that was implanted into the coronary artery in the human tissue. This technique considered the output power and the transfer efficiency of the overall system, coil geometry like the number of coils per turn, and coil size. The results indicated that this design showed an 82% efficiency in the air if the transmission distance was maintained as 20 mm, which allowed the wireless power supply system to monitor the pressure within the coronary artery when the implanted load resistance was 400 Ω.
A PROXIMITY FEED DUAL BAND CIRCULAR SHAPED ANTENNA WITH SEMICIRCULAR GROUND P...Amitesh Raikwar
In this work, we present a Circular Shaped proximity feed
Microstrip Patch Antenna. The antenna is comprised of circular
shaped radiation patch and this radiating patch is faded
by proximity coupling. The ground plane of the antenna has
Semicircular pattern to improve the coupling level of the
patch. The simulated result shows it provides the return loss
less than -10 dB for two frequencies 1.27 GHz and 1.43 GHz
which could be a useful frequencies for wireless communication
system. The simulation work is carried out on IE3D
software, a product of Zeland Software Company.
Analysis and simulations of optimal geometry shapes of the 4 and 9 nano hole ...IJECEIAES
The possibility to limit and manipulate photons at nanometer scales attracted a lot of interest for exciting applications from subwavelength in laser, biosensors, biomedical and optoelectronics devices, the sensor optical properties, however; are complex due to two resonances through propagating and localized surface plasmons. The optical properties of surface plasmons (SPs) at the resonant wavelength is depending on the geometrical nanostructure of materials. In this article, we used different geometry of nanoholes array, 4 and 9 nanoholes array in a metallic film gold nanoparticle with different thickness (20,50,100) nm on SiO2 substrate with refractive index 1.46, we designed two different geometries; 4- holes: hole radius r1=200 nm, period p1=600 nm; and 9- holes: r2=100 nm, period p2=300 nm. Transmission and reflection spectrum have been calculated and simulated by FDTD Lumerical program. From results are observed the effect of thickness is interesting, transmission is increased at (t=20nm) for two arrays. Furthermore, the number of hole and its area has an influence on optical transmission and other parameters (E, H, Ref) which are characteristics of design of metallic nanostructure. We can see that there is a peak value of the wavelength at 519 nm approximately to 73% strong light transmission with 4-NHA in the other hand wavelength of 519 nm transmission is 45% with 9-NHA. strong light transmission is hopeful for many applications (biomedical devices, nanoantennas and laser optical fiber).
Design And Comparison of Linearly Polarized Rectangular Micro strip Patch Ant...paperpublications3
Abstract: The project report presents a design studies and performance analysis of a lightweight, low volume, low profile Inset Feed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna using CST microwave studio 2012. The aim of the thesis is to Design an inset fed rectangular Microstrip Antenna for mobile phone operating at 1.8GHz and to do the performance analysis. I also did comparison with different substrate using FR-4 and Roger RT5880 substrate. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for maximum radiation. As we know the conducting patch can take any shape but rectangular and circular configurations are the most commonly used configuration. But the other configurations are complex to analyze and due to difficult numerical computations. The length of the antenna is nearly half wavelength in the dielectric; it is a very critical parameter, which governs the resonant frequency of the antenna. In perspective of designing, the selection of the patch width and length are the major parameters along with the feed line depth, for impedance matching, which are done by mathematical calculations. Patch antenna design simulation is done by using simulation software CST microwave studio 2012 and the its performance has been analyzed by analyzing the VSWR curve, The S parameters, the Smith Chart for both impedance and admittance, the directivity curve, far-field radiation pattern, both the radiation efficiency and total efficiency of the patch antenna at the resonating frequency and also the real and imaginary part of impedance.
WIDTH FEEDING STRIPLINE OPTIMISE OF CURVED MICROSTRIPLINE ARRAY VARIANS ANTEN...ijwmn
This study proposed to design of curved microstripline array antenna with more optimal characteristics
parametric through optimise in width feeding stripline and its application for radar communications.
Numeric analysis with an empirical formula in curved microstripline array antenna supports the counting in
relation to the characteristics antenna that is optimally applied in communications. The simulations was
created by using CST software. The result of simulation is to indicate Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR),
Reflection coefficient, Return Loss and Gain with Vertical Linear Polarization. The optimise of curved
microstripline array varians with the varians array and optimise varians in width of the feeding stripline.
Based on this simulated result, curved microstripline array varians antenna is potential to developed antenna
in radar communication in multiband frequency.
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NOVEL METHODOLOGY OF THE ULTRA SONIC BEAM IN LINEAR ARRAY TRANSDUCER FOR HIGH FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS
1. Journal for Research| Volume 01| Issue 07 | September 2015
ISSN: 2395-7549
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 1
Novel Methodology of the Ultra Sonic Beam in
Linear Array Transducer for High Frequency
Applications
N.S Murti Sarma Oruganti Madhu
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering
Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Yamnampet,
Ghatakesar-501301
Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Yamnampet,
Ghatakesar-501301
S.P.Venu Madhava Rao
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering
Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Yamnampet, Ghatakesar-501301
Abstract
In this paper, the focusing of ultrasound beam is considered. Electronic circuitry is considered as support to the theme of the
work. The results presented in this paper are notable for improved resolution. The extension of the application diversity is also
proposed based on use of Piezo electric transceducers.
Keywords: Ultrasonic, Linear Array, Real Time Image, Beam Divergence, Piezo-Electrictransceducers
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
Arrays are in general popular for better directive properties of radiating elements. These are well known for ease of extendibility
of concept[1]. Linear array transducer is the most important and sophisticate component of the transducer used in medical
imaging that produces the ultrasonic beam [2-10]. The proposal may also through light to power harvesting in cases such as
Street lights and mobile phones[11-15]. This beam is focused to the origin under scanning and a real time image of that particular
organ is seen on the vedio monitor in B mode. Typical linear array transducer consists of a long strip of piezo electric ceramic
divided into a number of closely spaced rectangular elements arranged side by side along with damping material, RF shield,
matching layer, focusing lens and switching electronic circuits[2].
In this paper, the application of antenna arrays is conceptualized for ultrasonic arrays is a new attempt in this paper.
This paper is organized into 4 sections. Except the sec.2, the rest of the sections are conventional.
Fig. 1: Near & Far field of Ultra Sonic Beam with Array of Element
II. OUTLINE OF THE WORK
The rectangular configuration (Fig.1) of array transducer element causes an ultrasound beam to be generated. The individual
element radiation expressed mathematically as
F(θ)=λsin(π/asinθ)/(π/asinθ) (1)
Where F is field amplitude, a is element width , λ is wave length (m)and
θ=sin{1.22(λ/D)} (2)
is measurement angle in degrees[2]. From (1) and (2), states that the ultra sonic amplitude at an angle θ is related to element
width and wavelength. The terminology designated the wavelength with meter as unit in general convention. However, based on
the frequency the unit will be in the order of even mm also. These two variable contribute equally to the ultrasonic field
2. Novel Methodology of the Ultra Sonic Beam in Linear Array Transducer for High Frequency Applications
(J4R/ Volume 01 / Issue 07 / 001)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 2
characteristics of a single rectangular element.(See Fig.1). It can be seen from the equation that increasing both element width
and frequency produces more directional beam from an individual element. If the individual elements of the array are pulsed
because of their small size results in a low sensitivity and poor lateral resolution due to beam divergence [2]. To overcome this
problem, the array elements are to be pulsed in multiple element groups.
Table – 1
Divison of Array Elements In Groups
S.No Element numbers
1 1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57
2 2 10 18 26 34 42 50 58
3 3 11 19 27 35 43 51 59
4. 4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60
5. 5 13 21 29 37 45 53 61
6 6 14 22 30 38 46 54 62
7 7 15 23 31 39 47 55 63
8. 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64
Electronic FocusingA.
Normally each element has to have its own transmitter and its own receiver. This transmitter and receiver have to be switched on
and off by command. However, to reduce the number of transmitters and receivers, the elements are organized into groups. Each
group has one transmitter and one receiver which can be multiplexed to the appropriate elements. Here an array of 64 elements is
taken and grouped into eight groups for better results (See Table 1). In this table First column of the table should be understand
as group number.
III.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The elements in groups are excited to receive the echoes from the array elements the certain time delay (See Fig.2,3). Each array
element that is activated produces a wavefront.
Fig.2: Eight element array
All these wave fronts together interfering in to one large resultant wave front. The focused wave front is achieved by
activating the elements with small time differences. These are properly compensated by means of delay lines[3]. The transmitter
and receiver delay settings are the factors that influence the lateral resolution. For this the target must lie within the near field
zone of the group of the elements. This is achieved with the help of beam focusing.
Fig. 3: Acoustic Array
The beam focused by activating 64 elements, the group of 8 elements each provides improved lateral and axial resolution of
the target The electronic focusing of the ultrasonic beam is done in dividing the individual elements in to groups. The individual
3. Novel Methodology of the Ultra Sonic Beam in Linear Array Transducer for High Frequency Applications
(J4R/ Volume 01 / Issue 07 / 001)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 3
elements are excited in groups. Each element in group is activated electronically, delayed and resultant wave front that is
electronically focused provides better resolution of the images (Fig.4 and 5). This beam is focused to the origin under scanning
and a real time image of that particular organ is seen on the vedio monitor in B mode[4].
Fig. 4: Beam with Focusing
Fig. 5: Beam with Focusing
IV.CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, the application of antenna arrays is conceptualized for ultrasonic arrays is a new attempt in this paper. A linear
array is considered in our attempt. The tranceducer concept in this paper is by using electronic circuitry. The transmitter and
receiver delay settings are the factors that influence the lateral resolution. Its found vast applications in medical imaging field on
extension of array concept for transceducers. The application is not restricted to medical field. The same can be proposed to
power harvesting in cases of Street lights and mobile phones. However, the proposal of power harvesting case, wireless
communication principle is used. At the first of the exercise, these two cases planed using piezo electric transceducers. On
sucessfullness of the attempt at microscale, the concept will be raised to support the power requirements domestic purposes also.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Prior to compilation of this paper, the authors proposed a minor research proposal based on transeducer application. It is under
consideration of UGC with file number ROMRP-SERO-ELEC-2015-16-65651 , 13,August2015. Authors are thankful for
initiation of such schemes. Acknowledgements are also due for Dr. Poreddy Narasimha Reddy, Director of SNIST for his
interest in the work. S.Sambaih of Vasavi Engeering college ibrahimpatnam deserves due acknowledgements for his support in
our work.
REFERENCES
[1] Kraus, J.D, Marhefka and A. Ahmed Khan, “Antennas and Wave propagation”, 4e/TMH,2010.
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