This document discusses four normal forms for database design: first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), third normal form (3NF), and Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF). It explains that normalization is a process that improves database design by generating relations of higher normal forms, with the goal of having every dependency be only on the candidate key. The normal forms increase in strength from 1NF to BCNF, with any relation in BCNF also being in 3NF and 2NF, and any relation in those forms also being in the preceding normal form. Each normal form places additional restrictions on relations to reduce data redundancy.