b - Normalizing a Data Model

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Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to minimize redundancy and dependency. There are several normal forms that were developed to classify how data should be structured, including first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third normal form (3NF). 1NF requires each attribute to hold a single value and no repeating groups, 2NF adds that non-key attributes depend on the whole primary key, and 3NF extends this to eliminate transitive dependencies between non-key attributes. Normalization improves data integrity and efficiency of updates while denormalization improves query performance by duplicating some data.

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Normalization work as through a series of stages called normal forms Normalization is a process that is used for changing attributes to entitles. In order to meet performance requirements you may have to denormalize portions design. Denormalization produces a lower normal form. Normalization is a very important database design ingredient and the highest level is always the desirable. A table is in BCNF if every determinant in the table is a candidate key. A table is in fourth normal form if it is in third normal form and has no independent multivalued dependencies. Repeating groups must be eliminated by making sure that each row defines a single entity. It is possible for a table in 2NF to exhibit transitive dependency, where one or more nonprime attributes functionally determine other nonprime attributes. A determinant is any attribute whose value determines other values within a column. A dependency of one nonprime attribute on another nonprime attribute is a partial dependency. Attributes should clearly define participation, connectivity, and document cardinality. An attribute that is part of a key is known as a(n) attribute. important nonprime prime entity Data redundancy produces. slower lookups robust design efficient storage use data integrity problems Solution 1) Normalization works through a series of stages called normal forms. Answer :- True 2) Normalization is a process that is used for changing attributes to entities. Answer :- False 3) In order to meet performance requirements, you may have to denormalize portions of the database design. Answer :- True 4) Denormalization produces a lower normal form. Answer :- True 5) Normalization is a very important database design ingredient and the highest level is always the most desirable. Answer :- False 6) A table is in BCNF if every determinant in the table is a candidate key. Answer :- True 7) A table is in fourth normal form if it is in third normal form and has no independent multivalued dependencies. Answer :- True 8) Repeating groups must be eliminated by making sure that each row defines a single entity. Answer :- True 9) It is possible for a table in 2NF to exhibit transitive dependency, where the primary key may rely on one or more nonprime attributes to functionally determine other nonprime attributes. Answer :- True 10) A determinant is any attribute whose value determines other values within a column. Answer :- False 11) A dependency of one nonprime attribute on another nonprime attribute is a partial dependency. Answer :- False 12) Attributes should clearly define participation, connectivity, and document cardinality. Answer :- False.

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