Every year, more than 100 000 monkeys and apes are used for biomedical research around the world. Their genetic similarities to humans make them particularly suitable candidates for testing the safety of new drugs and for studying infectious diseases or the brain. But those very similarities to humans also raise specific ethical questions about their use for scientific experiments.
Are there alternatives to the use of non-human primates in research and testing? Would it be feasible to stop using them altogether?
Alternate animal experiments models for pre and post clinical screening of new drugs.
#Expetrimental_Pharmacology.
#Preclinical Screening methods and testing models.
#Animal_Handeling
These presentation includes the information about the replacement of animal experiments (invivo tests) with all the alternative methods like invitro tests and in-silico methods which are used in present century and made the research work easy for pre-clinical and clinical trials.
The document discusses alternatives to animal studies in 3 main areas: replacement, reduction, and refinement. Replacement involves using non-animal methods like cell cultures, computer simulations, or chemical/physical systems. Reduction aims to minimize animal use through improved study design and statistics. Refinement focuses on lessening pain and distress for animals, such as by improving surgical techniques or control of variables. A variety of non-animal methods are presented, including in vitro assays, microorganisms, and computer models, as well as strategies for reducing animal numbers through data sharing and statistical practices.
Animal testing is commonly used in scientific research and development. It helps ensure product safety and advance medical research. However, it raises ethical issues and alternatives are being developed. Reduction methods aim to minimize the number of animals used through better study design and data sharing. Refinement improves animal welfare. Replacement seeks to avoid animal use by developing alternative methods like computer modeling, microfluidics, and serum-free cell cultures. As technology advances, more research can be done without harming animals.
Animal Experimentation- Contemporary IssueChandan Saha
Animals have their own rights. They are not puppet of our laboratory. With the help of modern and scientific technology we can change old traditional animal experiment methods.
The document discusses alternatives to animal testing that are being used in preclinical research studies. It describes the strategy of the 3Rs - reduction, refinement, and replacement. Reduction involves using fewer animals through methods like in vitro cell cultures. Refinement means reducing pain and distress in animals, like through cage enrichment. Replacement substitutes animals with alternatives like computer models, cell/tissue cultures, and lower organisms. The goal is to minimize animal use through an integrated approach combining various alternative methods.
This document discusses various animal models used for research including invertebrate models like Drosophila and C. elegans, rodent models, rabbit models, and large animal models. These models are used to study processes like genetics, development, and disease due to their similarities to humans. Drosophila and C. elegans have been important for discoveries in development and genetics. Rodent models are widely used due to their similarities to humans and short lifespans. Larger animal models are needed for pre-clinical research due to closer mimicry of human physiology. A variety of animal models at different sizes are essential for advancing biomedical research.
Alternative to Animal Experiment ModelsDr Jayant Rai
The document discusses alternatives to animal experimentation. It provides an overview of animal experimentation, including its historical use and current regulatory guidelines. Some key uses of animals in experimentation include education, research, cosmetic testing, and toxicology testing. The document then discusses the development of alternatives such as in vitro techniques like cell cultures, microorganism studies, computer simulations, and epidemiological research that can replace or reduce animal use. It provides examples of specific alternative tests and methods that have been validated including embryonic stem cell tests, the Ames test, and skin patch tests. Overall, the document promotes developing and validating alternative methods to animal testing that satisfy the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal use.
Alternate animal experiments models for pre and post clinical screening of new drugs.
#Expetrimental_Pharmacology.
#Preclinical Screening methods and testing models.
#Animal_Handeling
These presentation includes the information about the replacement of animal experiments (invivo tests) with all the alternative methods like invitro tests and in-silico methods which are used in present century and made the research work easy for pre-clinical and clinical trials.
The document discusses alternatives to animal studies in 3 main areas: replacement, reduction, and refinement. Replacement involves using non-animal methods like cell cultures, computer simulations, or chemical/physical systems. Reduction aims to minimize animal use through improved study design and statistics. Refinement focuses on lessening pain and distress for animals, such as by improving surgical techniques or control of variables. A variety of non-animal methods are presented, including in vitro assays, microorganisms, and computer models, as well as strategies for reducing animal numbers through data sharing and statistical practices.
Animal testing is commonly used in scientific research and development. It helps ensure product safety and advance medical research. However, it raises ethical issues and alternatives are being developed. Reduction methods aim to minimize the number of animals used through better study design and data sharing. Refinement improves animal welfare. Replacement seeks to avoid animal use by developing alternative methods like computer modeling, microfluidics, and serum-free cell cultures. As technology advances, more research can be done without harming animals.
Animal Experimentation- Contemporary IssueChandan Saha
Animals have their own rights. They are not puppet of our laboratory. With the help of modern and scientific technology we can change old traditional animal experiment methods.
The document discusses alternatives to animal testing that are being used in preclinical research studies. It describes the strategy of the 3Rs - reduction, refinement, and replacement. Reduction involves using fewer animals through methods like in vitro cell cultures. Refinement means reducing pain and distress in animals, like through cage enrichment. Replacement substitutes animals with alternatives like computer models, cell/tissue cultures, and lower organisms. The goal is to minimize animal use through an integrated approach combining various alternative methods.
This document discusses various animal models used for research including invertebrate models like Drosophila and C. elegans, rodent models, rabbit models, and large animal models. These models are used to study processes like genetics, development, and disease due to their similarities to humans. Drosophila and C. elegans have been important for discoveries in development and genetics. Rodent models are widely used due to their similarities to humans and short lifespans. Larger animal models are needed for pre-clinical research due to closer mimicry of human physiology. A variety of animal models at different sizes are essential for advancing biomedical research.
Alternative to Animal Experiment ModelsDr Jayant Rai
The document discusses alternatives to animal experimentation. It provides an overview of animal experimentation, including its historical use and current regulatory guidelines. Some key uses of animals in experimentation include education, research, cosmetic testing, and toxicology testing. The document then discusses the development of alternatives such as in vitro techniques like cell cultures, microorganism studies, computer simulations, and epidemiological research that can replace or reduce animal use. It provides examples of specific alternative tests and methods that have been validated including embryonic stem cell tests, the Ames test, and skin patch tests. Overall, the document promotes developing and validating alternative methods to animal testing that satisfy the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal use.
This document summarizes Horst Spielmann's presentation on implementing alternative methods. It discusses his role as State Animal Welfare Officer in Berlin where he provides expert advice on animal welfare issues. The presentation covered topics like ending cosmetics testing in Europe, developing adverse outcome pathways, and alternative methods like embryonic stem cells, organ-on-chip technology, and using human cells for disease and infection models. It also discussed increasing collaboration between international regulatory agencies and researchers to advance alternative methods through information sharing and establishing performance standards.
This document provides an overview of animal models used in periodontal research. It discusses the definition and history of animal models, the need for animal models in periodontal research given limitations of human studies, and various categories and classifications of animal models. The document then examines specific animal models used in periodontal research, including rats, mice, and hamsters, describing their anatomy, how periodontal disease presents in each, and advantages and limitations of each model.
The Karolinska Institute (KI) is the largest centre for medical education and research in Sweden and the home of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
KI consists of 22 departments and 600 research groups dedicated to improving human health through research and higher education.
The role of the Kohonen/Grafström team has been to guide the application, analysis, interpretation and storage of so called “omics” technology-derived data within the service-oriented subproject “ToxBank”.
Justifications for invasive experiments on animals rely on claims that such research is essential for the advancement of biomedical knowledge, for the development of cures to human diseases, or for the evaluation of the toxicity of compounds to which humans are exposed. Until recently, critical evaluations of the accuracy of such claims have been rare. However, a growing body of large-scale systematic reviews have now been published in scientific and medical journals. The outcomes have been consistent: animal experiments have contributed far less than advocates would have us believe.
This presentation summarises these recent results, and comprehensively reviews the alternatives to invasive animal use with biomedical research, toxicity testing, and education.
Published studies are available at www.AnimalExperiments.info.
Research Methods: Ethics II (Animal Research)Brian Piper
lecture 3 from a college level research methods in psychology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Linfield College, includes IACUC, animal welfare act, refinement, reduction, replacement
This document discusses experimenting on animals and outlines a work plan. It asks why we should experiment on animals and what the terms of any experiments should be. It then provides some examples of successful experiments including work on malaria, cancer, and drug development.
The document discusses using neurite growth as an endpoint for assessing developmental neurotoxicity in vitro. It describes how neurite outgrowth is critical for proper brain wiring and is sensitive to toxicants. A human neuronal cell line called LUHMES can be used to measure neurite growth in automated high-content assays allowing efficient screening of chemicals. Several known neurotoxicants were found to reduce neurite growth in the LUHMES cells. The document proposes applying omics technologies like transcriptomics and metabolomics to the LUHMES model to identify pathways of toxicity and classify chemicals. A proof-of-principle study on MPP+ is described where multi-omics analysis revealed perturbed genes, metabolites and pathways in MPP+-treated
1. The document discusses alternatives to animal experiments, including in vitro methods like cell and tissue culture, computer modeling, and microdosing.
2. Specific alternatives mentioned include the embryonic stem cell test, Limulus amoebocyte lysate test, organ-on-chip models, and the local lymph node assay.
3. The principles of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments are also covered, along with relevant laws and the need to minimize harm to animals in research.
The document discusses animal experimentation. Over 2.7 million live animal experiments were authorized in the UK in 2002, though that number has halved in the last 30 years. Animals are used worldwide to test products from shampoo to cancer drugs. UK regulations require any new drug be tested on at least two mammal species, one being a large non-rodent, and experiments only be conducted if no alternative exists. While animal testing has benefited human medicine, some argue results can be misleading and alternatives like computer models should be explored more.
This document discusses animal experimentation and testing. It begins by defining animal testing as using animals in experiments to test drugs before human trials. It then examines the different types of animal testing including medical, cosmetic, and psychological testing. Reasons why animal testing is done include determining drug toxicity and efficacy. However, animal testing is considered unethical by some as it causes harm, injury, and suffering to animals. The document discusses alternatives to animal testing such as using human tissues and considers whether the reasons for animal testing outweigh the moral issues. In conclusion, the document argues that many animal deaths and injuries could be prevented by exploring alternative testing methods.
Medical research using animals has a long history dating back to Louis Pasteur and Ivan Pavlov in the late 19th century. Common animals used in medical research include mice, rats, dogs, cats, and primates due to their genetic and physiological similarities to humans. While controversial, animal research has led to major medical advances such as the polio vaccine and insulin. Guidelines aim to reduce animal usage and minimize suffering through the Three Rs principles.
Animal Experiments is a case study of Business Ethics Courses. We usually do harm to the animal by experimenting. But there is no other option by which we can test our medicine and Cosmetics Products.
This document discusses the use of animal models in biomedical research. It describes how animals are used to study human disease and test potential treatments in order to advance human health without risking harm to people. Common animal models mentioned include mice, rats, dogs, primates, and rabbits, which can provide insights into conditions like heart disease, cancer, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases. However, the use of animals in research also raises ethical issues, as it often involves invasive procedures that can cause pain and distress. Large numbers of animals are required for activities like vaccine production and drug testing, but only a small percentage of potential treatments ultimately succeed.
Prometheus, who has been deigned by poets to have first formed Man, formed a model from water and earth and then stole fire from the sun to animate the model.
An animal model is thus an animated object of imitation in the image of Humans (or other species), used to investigate biological or pathobiological phenomena.
This document provides ethical guidelines for the care and use of animals in health research in Nepal. It was created by the Nepal Health Research Council to ensure animals are treated humanely and research follows international standards. The guidelines cover responsible conduct of research, housing and care of animals, acquiring and transporting animals, research procedures, field research, educational use of animals, record keeping, and oversight by an ethical review board. The goal is to promote the welfare of animals used in research while advancing scientific knowledge.
This document discusses the history and types of animal experimentation. It notes that Aristotle and Erasistratus were among the first to use living animals in experiments. It outlines the types of animal research including basic research, applied research, toxicology testing, and xenotransplantation. Common animal models used are rats, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs. The document also discusses the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments and the ethical requirements for conducting such research.
This document discusses past and present methods of medical research, including the use of animal models and alternatives. It notes that while animal models have historically contributed to medical discoveries like insulin and vaccines, humans are the best test subjects for humans due to interspecies differences. The 3Rs strategy of refining, reducing and replacing animal experiments where possible is presented. Alternatives discussed include cell and tissue cultures, stem cells, microdosing, clinical trials, computer modeling and simulations. While invaluable for basic research, alternatives currently have limitations and cannot completely replace whole-body testing, so responsible animal research will likely continue alongside developing alternatives.
This was my first podium presentation presented at an international conference organized by UNESCO. The conference was remarkable because it involved superspecialty field to even nursing staff. My presentation was amongst the contenders for prize distribution. However, it did not happen so due to other presenters who outperformed me.
The document discusses arguments for and against animal testing. Proponents argue that animal testing is necessary for developing medical treatments and ensuring vaccine safety. However, critics argue that animal testing is cruel, alternatives exist, animals are poor predictors of human outcomes, and that most animals used in experiments receive no legal protections from abuse. The document also discusses the suffering of animals in experiments and arguments for reducing but not completely banning animal testing.
Alternatives to animal studies in Pharmaceutical research has been explained on the basis of replacement, reduction and refinement. Also newer pre-clinical animal models like use of genetically modified animals were presented.
Ethical issues related to animal biotechnologyKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
Why are genetically modified animals produced?
Examples of transgenic animals
Why are animals used instead of genetically modified microbes or plants?
Ethical issues
Religious concerns
Responsibility of Scientists
Need for Guidelines
Conclusion
References
Animal Experimentation for Cosmetics - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
This document summarizes Horst Spielmann's presentation on implementing alternative methods. It discusses his role as State Animal Welfare Officer in Berlin where he provides expert advice on animal welfare issues. The presentation covered topics like ending cosmetics testing in Europe, developing adverse outcome pathways, and alternative methods like embryonic stem cells, organ-on-chip technology, and using human cells for disease and infection models. It also discussed increasing collaboration between international regulatory agencies and researchers to advance alternative methods through information sharing and establishing performance standards.
This document provides an overview of animal models used in periodontal research. It discusses the definition and history of animal models, the need for animal models in periodontal research given limitations of human studies, and various categories and classifications of animal models. The document then examines specific animal models used in periodontal research, including rats, mice, and hamsters, describing their anatomy, how periodontal disease presents in each, and advantages and limitations of each model.
The Karolinska Institute (KI) is the largest centre for medical education and research in Sweden and the home of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
KI consists of 22 departments and 600 research groups dedicated to improving human health through research and higher education.
The role of the Kohonen/Grafström team has been to guide the application, analysis, interpretation and storage of so called “omics” technology-derived data within the service-oriented subproject “ToxBank”.
Justifications for invasive experiments on animals rely on claims that such research is essential for the advancement of biomedical knowledge, for the development of cures to human diseases, or for the evaluation of the toxicity of compounds to which humans are exposed. Until recently, critical evaluations of the accuracy of such claims have been rare. However, a growing body of large-scale systematic reviews have now been published in scientific and medical journals. The outcomes have been consistent: animal experiments have contributed far less than advocates would have us believe.
This presentation summarises these recent results, and comprehensively reviews the alternatives to invasive animal use with biomedical research, toxicity testing, and education.
Published studies are available at www.AnimalExperiments.info.
Research Methods: Ethics II (Animal Research)Brian Piper
lecture 3 from a college level research methods in psychology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Linfield College, includes IACUC, animal welfare act, refinement, reduction, replacement
This document discusses experimenting on animals and outlines a work plan. It asks why we should experiment on animals and what the terms of any experiments should be. It then provides some examples of successful experiments including work on malaria, cancer, and drug development.
The document discusses using neurite growth as an endpoint for assessing developmental neurotoxicity in vitro. It describes how neurite outgrowth is critical for proper brain wiring and is sensitive to toxicants. A human neuronal cell line called LUHMES can be used to measure neurite growth in automated high-content assays allowing efficient screening of chemicals. Several known neurotoxicants were found to reduce neurite growth in the LUHMES cells. The document proposes applying omics technologies like transcriptomics and metabolomics to the LUHMES model to identify pathways of toxicity and classify chemicals. A proof-of-principle study on MPP+ is described where multi-omics analysis revealed perturbed genes, metabolites and pathways in MPP+-treated
1. The document discusses alternatives to animal experiments, including in vitro methods like cell and tissue culture, computer modeling, and microdosing.
2. Specific alternatives mentioned include the embryonic stem cell test, Limulus amoebocyte lysate test, organ-on-chip models, and the local lymph node assay.
3. The principles of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments are also covered, along with relevant laws and the need to minimize harm to animals in research.
The document discusses animal experimentation. Over 2.7 million live animal experiments were authorized in the UK in 2002, though that number has halved in the last 30 years. Animals are used worldwide to test products from shampoo to cancer drugs. UK regulations require any new drug be tested on at least two mammal species, one being a large non-rodent, and experiments only be conducted if no alternative exists. While animal testing has benefited human medicine, some argue results can be misleading and alternatives like computer models should be explored more.
This document discusses animal experimentation and testing. It begins by defining animal testing as using animals in experiments to test drugs before human trials. It then examines the different types of animal testing including medical, cosmetic, and psychological testing. Reasons why animal testing is done include determining drug toxicity and efficacy. However, animal testing is considered unethical by some as it causes harm, injury, and suffering to animals. The document discusses alternatives to animal testing such as using human tissues and considers whether the reasons for animal testing outweigh the moral issues. In conclusion, the document argues that many animal deaths and injuries could be prevented by exploring alternative testing methods.
Medical research using animals has a long history dating back to Louis Pasteur and Ivan Pavlov in the late 19th century. Common animals used in medical research include mice, rats, dogs, cats, and primates due to their genetic and physiological similarities to humans. While controversial, animal research has led to major medical advances such as the polio vaccine and insulin. Guidelines aim to reduce animal usage and minimize suffering through the Three Rs principles.
Animal Experiments is a case study of Business Ethics Courses. We usually do harm to the animal by experimenting. But there is no other option by which we can test our medicine and Cosmetics Products.
This document discusses the use of animal models in biomedical research. It describes how animals are used to study human disease and test potential treatments in order to advance human health without risking harm to people. Common animal models mentioned include mice, rats, dogs, primates, and rabbits, which can provide insights into conditions like heart disease, cancer, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases. However, the use of animals in research also raises ethical issues, as it often involves invasive procedures that can cause pain and distress. Large numbers of animals are required for activities like vaccine production and drug testing, but only a small percentage of potential treatments ultimately succeed.
Prometheus, who has been deigned by poets to have first formed Man, formed a model from water and earth and then stole fire from the sun to animate the model.
An animal model is thus an animated object of imitation in the image of Humans (or other species), used to investigate biological or pathobiological phenomena.
This document provides ethical guidelines for the care and use of animals in health research in Nepal. It was created by the Nepal Health Research Council to ensure animals are treated humanely and research follows international standards. The guidelines cover responsible conduct of research, housing and care of animals, acquiring and transporting animals, research procedures, field research, educational use of animals, record keeping, and oversight by an ethical review board. The goal is to promote the welfare of animals used in research while advancing scientific knowledge.
This document discusses the history and types of animal experimentation. It notes that Aristotle and Erasistratus were among the first to use living animals in experiments. It outlines the types of animal research including basic research, applied research, toxicology testing, and xenotransplantation. Common animal models used are rats, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs. The document also discusses the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments and the ethical requirements for conducting such research.
This document discusses past and present methods of medical research, including the use of animal models and alternatives. It notes that while animal models have historically contributed to medical discoveries like insulin and vaccines, humans are the best test subjects for humans due to interspecies differences. The 3Rs strategy of refining, reducing and replacing animal experiments where possible is presented. Alternatives discussed include cell and tissue cultures, stem cells, microdosing, clinical trials, computer modeling and simulations. While invaluable for basic research, alternatives currently have limitations and cannot completely replace whole-body testing, so responsible animal research will likely continue alongside developing alternatives.
This was my first podium presentation presented at an international conference organized by UNESCO. The conference was remarkable because it involved superspecialty field to even nursing staff. My presentation was amongst the contenders for prize distribution. However, it did not happen so due to other presenters who outperformed me.
The document discusses arguments for and against animal testing. Proponents argue that animal testing is necessary for developing medical treatments and ensuring vaccine safety. However, critics argue that animal testing is cruel, alternatives exist, animals are poor predictors of human outcomes, and that most animals used in experiments receive no legal protections from abuse. The document also discusses the suffering of animals in experiments and arguments for reducing but not completely banning animal testing.
Alternatives to animal studies in Pharmaceutical research has been explained on the basis of replacement, reduction and refinement. Also newer pre-clinical animal models like use of genetically modified animals were presented.
Ethical issues related to animal biotechnologyKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
Why are genetically modified animals produced?
Examples of transgenic animals
Why are animals used instead of genetically modified microbes or plants?
Ethical issues
Religious concerns
Responsibility of Scientists
Need for Guidelines
Conclusion
References
Animal Experimentation for Cosmetics - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
Experimental pharmacology involves studying the effects of pharmacological agents on animals to determine pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. It is done to aid in curing human diseases but is debated due to harm caused to animals. Some organizations suggest abolishing animal testing and using alternative methods instead, though researchers argue alternatives may not yield desired results or produce errors. The current scenario involves minimizing animal use after careful verification while alternatives save animals but may be less accurate and time-consuming than animal testing.
Chapter 2- research involving animals .pptxHendmaarof
Researchers use animal models in research to understand human physiology, diseases, and develop new treatments. Animals are used because they share many biological similarities to humans despite differences in appearance. The 3Rs principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement guide researchers to replace animal use when possible, reduce the number of animals used, and refine experiments to minimize animal suffering. While some disagree with animal research, proponents argue it has advanced medical knowledge and led to treatments for conditions like polio, cystic fibrosis, and stroke.
The document discusses alternatives to animal testing in research. It notes that while animals have traditionally been used for testing, this method is cruel, time-consuming, and not predictive of human outcomes. New alternative methods include in vitro, in silico, in chemico techniques using cells, tissues, organs-on-chips and computer modeling that can replace many animal tests in a more humane, effective and predictive way. Widespread adoption of alternative methods can improve both the ethics and accuracy of medical research.
Like all technologies, biotechnology offers the potential of enormous benefit but also potential risks. Biotechnology could help address many global problems, such as climate change, an aging society, food security, energy security and infectious diseases, to name just a few.human health and animal health and welfare and increasing livestock productivity. Biotechnology improves the food we eat - meat, milk and eggs. Biotechnology can improve an animal's impact on the environment. And biotechnology enhances ability to detect, treat and prevent diseases.
This document discusses various animal models and their ability to predict human outcomes. It notes that while animal models in pathophysiology and toxicology can be used to predict human responses, whether animals accurately predict human response to drugs and chemicals is controversial. The document analyzes different animal models empirically using scientific tools to determine how well they can predict human responses.
Slide contains aspects of animal use in pharmacology laboratory.
Along with CPCSEA Guidelines (now CCSEA).
Laboratory animals experiment benefits as well as limitations.
Different animals used in laboratory.
This document discusses alternatives to animal testing for biomedical research. It begins by outlining some common uses of animal testing and the need for alternative experiments due to disadvantages like pain caused to animals. It then describes some laws and regulations regarding animal testing. The 5 R's framework of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments is explained. Various alternative methods like in vitro cell and tissue cultures, in chemico tests, and in silico computer modeling are presented. Specific examples of alternative tests like embryonic stem cell assays and pyrogen tests are also provided.
Researchers use animal models in basic research, in developing new therapeutic strategies for treating human diseases, and in drug discovery research (including target identification and validation, drug screening and lead optimization, and toxicity and safety screening), as well as in preclinical studies of drug safety and efficacy.
Model organisms are used in research for several reasons. They are easy to maintain in a laboratory, have short lifecycles, and produce large numbers of offspring. This allows researchers to study biological processes more quickly and with larger sample sizes than using human subjects. Model organisms also have fewer restrictions around their use in experiments than human subjects. While model organisms have limitations and human subjects are still necessary for some types of research, model organisms have significantly advanced our understanding of fundamental biological processes and diseases.
This document provides an overview of experimental toxicology and the use of animal models. It discusses the importance of animal models in toxicity testing and research. It covers key aspects of conducting animal studies including the four R's (replacement, reduction, refinement, and responsibility), selecting appropriate animal models and strains, husbandry and care of animals, dosing techniques, and understanding animal physiology. The origins of predictive animal testing are reviewed through important cases that prompted regulations requiring pre-market safety testing of drugs and chemicals.
This document discusses the use of animal models in biomedical research. It notes that animal models allow researchers to study disease states and potential treatments in ways that would not be possible or ethical in human subjects. Common animal models used include mice, rats, dogs, primates, and others depending on the research goal. The document outlines some examples of procedures performed on animal models, including inducing conditions like heart attacks, migraines, and spinal cord injuries. It also discusses the large number of animals and costs involved in developing and testing biological products like vaccines.
Animal testing is a complex issue with reasonable arguments on both sides. While animal testing has led to medical advances, it also subjects animals to pain and suffering and does not always translate effectively to human outcomes. There are more humane alternatives that should be explored whenever possible to replace animal testing, though some limited medical testing may still be necessary until other options are developed. The environmental and safety impacts on lab workers should also be considered in policy decisions around animal testing regulations.
Today there exists a wide spectrum of views on this subject, ranging from those concerned with animal 'rights' to those who view animals only as a resource to be exploited.
All of thThe five freedoms were originally developed from a UK Government report on livestock husbandry in 1965 (Prof.Roger Brambell) then by Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) In July 1979
Freedom from hunger or thirst by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour .
Freedom from discomfort by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area .
Freedom from pain, injury or disease by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Freedom to express (most) normal behaviour by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animal's own kind.
Freedom from fear and distress by ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering.
This document discusses alternatives to animal testing for drug development and safety testing. It outlines 4 steps to developing and validating alternative methods: defining the alternative, developing the alternative using in vitro and computer models, validating the methods, and gaining acceptance. Recent advances in stem cells and organ-on-chip models provide more human-relevant alternatives. In vitro tests using human cells, tissues, and organ models can replace animal use for toxicity, efficacy, and disease modeling. Computer models also simulate human biology for drug screening without animals.
Vivisection should be reduced in medical sciences for several reasons. It causes immense suffering to animals since they have similar nervous systems to humans. Animals are often subjected to the same unnecessary tests repeatedly just to expand research. Vivisection also endangers some species, as animal testing has led to the extinction of at least 500 species and destruction of natural habitats. While animal research has contributed to medical advances, the costs to animal welfare and conservation mean vivisection needs to be reduced.
Similar to Non-human primates in research and safety testing (20)
La biologie de synthèse utilise des méthodes plus simples et plus rapides pour produire des organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM).
Quels sont les risques potentiels?
La biología sintética utiliza métodos más rápidos y sencillos para producir organismos modificados genéticamente (OMG).
¿Qué riesgos conlleva la biología sintética?
L’utilisation de cosmétiques contenant de la silice sous forme nano est-elle ...GreenFacts
L’utilisation commerciale des nanomatériaux est relativement nouvelle et si certaines applications pourraient être prometteuses et bénéfiques, elle soulève également des questions quant à sa sûreté.
La silice sous forme nano dans les cosmétiques est-elle dangereuse ?
¿Son seguros los cosméticos que contienen sílice en nanoforma?GreenFacts
El uso comercial de los nanomateriales es relativamente reciente y, si bien puede tener aplicaciones prometedoras y beneficiosas, también plantea problemas de seguridad.
¿Es peligrosa la presencia de nanosílice en los cosméticos?
El documento discute la seguridad de las obturaciones dentales de amalgama y los materiales alternativos. Aunque la amalgama contiene mercurio, no hay pruebas de que cause problemas de salud a menos que se tenga una alergia. Las obturaciones alternativas también parecen seguras, pero se necesita más investigación. El comité científico concluyó que ni la amalgama ni los materiales alternativos son dañinos para la salud general, y los pacientes deben decidir con sus dentistas cuál opción se ajusta mejor a sus necesidades
In light of recent scientific studies on dental amalgam, SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks) revisited its 2008 opinion on the safety and performance of both dental amalgam and possible alternatives (i.e. resin-based composites, glass ionomer cements and ceramics).
Mercury, which is the metallic element used in dental amalgam fillings, has well-documented and well-known health effects. Do dental amalgam and alternative materials pose any risks?
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to produce certain plastics and medical devices. While BPA is efficiently metabolized when ingested, its metabolism is less efficient when exposure comes from medical devices. There is debate about the health risks of BPA exposure from food and medical devices, with some studies finding specific effects from low doses but no clear conclusions. Certain medical procedures that result in prolonged exposure, like those for neonates and dialysis patients, may pose a risk since exposure could exceed the tolerable daily intake level. More information is needed on alternatives to BPA in medical devices to properly evaluate risks versus treatment benefits.
Este documento discute los riesgos potenciales para la salud de la exposición al bisfenol A (BPA) a través de dispositivos médicos. Existe un debate sobre si el nivel actual de exposición al BPA representa un riesgo, aunque algunos estudios muestran efectos potenciales a dosis bajas. La exposición al BPA a través de dispositivos médicos como catéteres es menor que a través de alimentos, pero puede superar los niveles considerados seguros en algunos casos como en unidades de cuidados intens
L’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques est-elle dangereuse pour la santé ?GreenFacts
Un nouvel avis du SCENIHR examine les dernières données concernant l’impact sur la santé des technologies les plus récentes. Cette fiche d’information est fondée sur l’avis scientifique du Comité scientifique des risques sanitaires
émergents et nouveaux indépendant (SCENIHR) : «Potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields
(EMF)».
Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit global warming IPCC re...GreenFacts
The IPCC uses a very specific language when it comes to expressing the degree of uncertainty or agreement for each statement in the fifth assessment report. For an overview of the specific meaning of each qualifier, you can read the relevant section in our summary of the Working Group I report.
Antibiotic resistance: causes, consequences and means to limit itGreenFacts
The document summarizes the causes, consequences, and means to limit antibiotic resistance. It discusses how overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to bacteria developing resistance. It also explains how resistance can spread between bacteria and the potential impacts, such as certain infections becoming untreatable. The document recommends improving surveillance of resistance, prudent antibiotic use, infection prevention, and developing new antibiotics to address the issue.
Protectores solares con dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas. ¿Un ri...GreenFacts
El creciente uso de nanomateriales en una amplia gama de productos de consumo
ha llevado a revaluar la seguridad de varias sustancias, entre ellas el dióxido
de titanio (TiO2). El dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas
se utiliza como decolorante en cremas y lociones, y actualmente está aprobado como
filtro UV para protectores solares. ¿Son seguros los protectores solares con nanopartículas de dióxido de titanio? ¿Se comportan estas nanopartículas de
manera diferente a otras partículas de dióxido de titanio? ¿Cómo se evalúan los riesgos de las nanopartículas? La presente hoja informativa contiene todas las respuestas.
Sunscreens with titanium dioxide as nanoparticles. Health risks?GreenFacts
The increasing use of nanomaterials in a wide range of
consumer products has prompted a re-evaluation of the safety of a number of subs tances, including titanium
dioxide (TiO2). Titanium dioxide, in the form of nanoparticles used to render creams and lotions transparent, is currently approved as a UV-filter in sunscreens. Are sunscreens with titanium dioxide nanoparticles safe? Do these nanoparticles behave
differently than other particles of titanium dioxide?
How are the risks of nanoparticles evaluated?
This fact sheet tells you all about it.
Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid in Nanopartikelform. Gesundheitsrisiken?GreenFacts
Die zunehmende Verwendung von Nanomaterialien
in einer großen Anzahl von Konsumgütern hat
eine erneute Abschätzung der Sicherheit einer
Reihe von Substanzen, einschließlich des
Titandioxids (TiO2), nötig gemacht.
Titandioxid, das in der Form von Nanopartikeln verwendet wird um Cremes und Lotionen transparent zu machen, wird derzeit als UV-Filter in Sonnenschutzmitteln zugelassen. Sind
Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid-Nanopartikeln
sicher? Verhalten sich diese Nanopartikel anders als
andere Partikel des Titandioxids? Wie werden die Gefahren
von Nanopartikeln abgeschätzt? In diesem Informationsblatt
erfahren Sie alles darüber.
Produits solaires avec des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane. Des risques p...GreenFacts
L’utilisation croissante de nanomatériaux dans toute une série de produits de consommation a donné lieu à une
réévaluation de la sécurité de certaines substances,
notamment le dioxyde de titane (TiO2). Le dioxyde de
titane, sous la forme de nanoparticules
utilisées pour rendre les crèmes et les lotions
transparentes, est actuellement approuvé en tant que
filtre UV dans les écrans solaires. Les écrans solaires
contenant des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane
sont-ils sûrs ? Ces nanoparticules se comportent-elles
différemment des autres particules de dioxyde de titane
? Comment les risques des nanoparticules sontils
évalués ? Cette fiche d’information vous dit tout.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.