This was my first podium presentation presented at an international conference organized by UNESCO. The conference was remarkable because it involved superspecialty field to even nursing staff. My presentation was amongst the contenders for prize distribution. However, it did not happen so due to other presenters who outperformed me.

1. Bioethics In Animal
Research: ‘Impetus’ or
‘Impedance’?
Dr. Shakeeb Dhorajiwala
JR III, Department of Pharmacology,
Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai.

2. Outline
Conclusion
Results
Material & Methods
Aims & Objectives
Introduction
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3. Introduction: (1/3)
Purpose of
animal
experiments:
Addition to
existing
physiological
knowledge
Prolonging
human life,
mitigating
sufferings
Well-being of
general-
population
Combating
disease of
various life-
forms
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Andesren MI. Winter lF.. Animal models in biological and biomedical research – experimental and ethical concerns . An Acad Bras Cienc (2019)
91(Suppl. 1).pg 1-2
4
What’s the need for Animal Experiments?

4. Introduction (2/3)
The Evidence Pyramid
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Avaulable
from:https://www.google.co.in/search?dcr=0&sxsrf=ACYBGNRAbt_latle7_lbh4y8LVxgWJEslQ:1570366630893&q=evidence+pyramid&tbm=isch&source=hp&sa=X
&ved=2ahUKEwjUhM7J14flAhUc8HMBHS9DBXEQsAR6BAgGEAE&biw=1517&bih=694#imgrc=1Hq-6IAmNa_eGM:
Accessed on:06-10-19
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5. Animal
Experiment
Ethics
Law
Science
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Houvenaghel A. [Animal experiments: legal, scientific and ethical aspects]. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. 2000;62(2):103-17.
Introduction:(3/3)
The three pillars of:

6. Aims & Objective
To study literature on Bioethics with
regards to animal use in experimentation.
Aim:
Objective:
• To discuss various views about ‘animal use for experimental purpose’.
• To compare articles which concludes by supporting the use of animals for
experimentation as against those which opposes their use for experimentation.
• To discuss the general perception of ‘animal use for experimental purpose’ by
the people i.e. Pro-animal testing & opposing parties.
• To discuss concept of ‘5Rs of animal experimentation’.
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7. Material & Methods
Pubmed was
used to
access
articles.
Relevant
MeSH terms
viz. Animal-
experiments,
ethics were
used to filter
articles.
Guidelines
on animal-
experiments
like CPCSEA,
CIOMS were
referred.
Alternatives
to animal-
experiments
like ExPharm,
DigitalFrog2.5
were also
studied
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8. Results (1/3)
Scientist contribute 10x more than community in discussions,
even in Ethics committee meetings.
Non-scientist members contributes 1.7x more in projects involving
pain and distress reflecting emotional inclination rather than
pragmatic.
Basis of contractarian view is “morality is based on agreements”.
Basis of utilitarian view is: “act is morally correct if it’s
consequences maximizes utility”
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 Grimm H. et al.Harm–benefit analysis – what is the added value? A review of alternative strategies for weighing harms and benefits as part of
the assessment of animal research. Laboratory Animals 0(0) 1–11
 Carvalho, C.; Gaspar, A.; Knight, A.; Vicente, L. Ethical and Scientific Pitfalls Concerning Laboratory Research with Non-Human Primates, and

9. (2/3) And the conflict…
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Pro-Animal testing Party The opposing party

10. ‘5Rs’
‘Reduction’
‘Replacement’
‘Refinement’
‘Rehabilitate’
‘Reuse’
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Arun Kumar HS. Effectively communicating the 5R's (replace, reduce, refine, reuse, and rehabilitate) of research ethics, biomedical waste,
personalized medicines and the rest. J Nat Sc Biol Med 2012;3:1-2
Results (3/3)

11. Conclusion(1/2)
Committee of diverse group of fair-minded people,
• with utterly different views be constituted,
• finding ways of reaching agreement and
• setting standard in determining level of harms inflicted to animal deemed
acceptable for achieving benefit.
Moral disagreements in social-settings settled by overlapping
consensus
• with pragmatic views
• wherein non-scientific members of community also contribute.
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12. Harm-Benefit Analysis (2/2)
Benefit
Harm
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Grimm H. et al.Harm–benefit analysis – what is the added value? A review of alternative strategies for weighing harms and benefits as part of the
assessment of animal research. Laboratory Animals 0(0) 1–11 13
Harm-benefit analysis be routinely done.
Use of animal for experimentation justified only if benefit outweighs harm.

13. Acknowledgements
Dr. Sandeep Bavdekar sir
Faculty members: Department of
Pharmacology, Topiwala National Medical
college, Mumbai.
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